Deck 1: Abnormal Behavior In Historical Context

Question 1

Rocky Starr is a rocker who wears outlandish female makeup and women's clothing when performing on stage.This behavior is considered

A) more abnormal than that of a business man who suddenly starts to do so.
B) less abnormal than that of the business man because it contributes to his job success.
C) less abnormal than that of a female who wears makeup every day.
D) just as abnormal as that of the business man who starts wearing makeup.

Answer 1

less abnormal than that of the business man because it contributes to his job success.

Question 2

A ___________ is what first brought the individual to therapy; the ____________ represents the unique combination of behaviors,thoughts,and feelings that make up a specific disorder.

A) diagnosis; symptoms
B) incidence, prevalence
C) clinical description; presenting problem
D) presenting problem; clinical description

Answer 2

presenting problem; clinical description

Question 3

The typical profile or prototype of a disorder reflects the ___________ as described in DSM-IV.

A) theoretical perspectives on abnormality
B) treatments for mental disorders
C) causes of mental illness
D) diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders

Answer 3

diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders

Question 4

Behaviors that deviate from the norm are

A) always seen as a disorder if they violate social norms.
B) considered a disorder regardless of culture.
C) typically seen as a disorder when they impair function.
D) never judged on the basis of the person who does them.

Question 5

A disorder that comes on slowly is said to have a(n)_______ onset.

A) acute
B) chronic
C) insidious
D) overt

Question 6

Incidence refers to

A) how many people in the population as a whole have a disorder.
B) how many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time.
C) the percentage of males and females who have a disorder.
D) how many people have recovered from a disorder in a given period of time.

Question 7

The scientific study of psychological disorders is called __________.

A) psychopathology
B) psychoanalysis
C) pseudoscience
D) parapsychology

Question 8

In terms of their typical course,schizophrenia follows a chronic course,while mood disorders,including depression,follow a(n)_____________ course.

A) episodic
B) time-limited
C) guarded
D) insidious

Question 9

A psychological dysfunction refers to

A) a breakdown in cognitive functioning.
B) a breakdown in emotional functioning.
C) a breakdown in behavioral functioning.
D) all of these

Question 10

Developmental psychopathology refers to the study of changes in

A) abnormal behavior.
B) normal behavior.
C) children's behavior, both normal and abnormal.
D) normal adolescent behavior.

Question 11

Statistical data are often relevant when discussing psychological disorders.For example,a researcher might want to know how many new cases of depression are diagnosed each year,a figure called the ___________ of the disorder.

A) prevalence
B) incidence
C) recurrence
D) ratio

Question 12

According to the authors of your textbook,the definition of a psychological disorder is associated with ___________.

A) stress
B) impaired functioning
C) culturally expected responses
D) psychotic symptoms

Question 13

After college graduation,two of your friends are interested in careers in the helping professions.Anna wants to become a psychiatrist; Carl plans on becoming a psychologist.Since you are taking a course in Abnormal Psychology,they ask you for career advice.You would tell

A) Anna to apply to medical school and Carl to study psychology at the graduate level.
B) Carl to apply to medical school and Anna to study psychology at the graduate level.
C) both of them to apply to medical school.
D) both of them to apply to graduate school.

Question 14

When Larry was diagnosed with schizophrenia,his family wanted to know how the disorder would affect him and how it would progress.In medical terms,they wanted to know Larry's _______.

A) diagnosis
B) prognosis
C) psychosocial profile
D) pathology

Question 15

Dr.Okalemi Watabe is a mental health practioner.All of the following are ways in which she might function as a scientist-practitioner EXCEPT

A) analyzing her own motivations and reasons for helping people with psychological problems.
B) evaluating her own assessments and treatments for effectiveness.
C) conducting research leading to new information about mental disorders and their treatments.
D) using the most current diagnostic and treatment procedures.

Question 16

Prevalence refers to

A) how many people in the population as a whole have a disorder.
B) how many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time.
C) the percentage of males and females who have a disorder.
D) how many people have recovered from a disorder in a given period of time.

Question 17

In regard to the criteria that define abnormality,it would be correct to state that

A) no one criterion has yet been developed that fully defines abnormality.
B) personal distress is the one criterion that defines abnormality.
C) the criteria differ depending on the cause of the psychological disorder.
D) the criteria differ depending on whether the individual has a psychological disorder or a psychological dysfunction.

Question 18

A male college student begins feeling sad and lonely.Although still able to go to classes and work at his job,he finds himself feeling down much of the time and worrying about what is happening to him.Which part of the definition of abnormality applies to his situation?

A) Personal distress
B) Cultural factors
C) Impaired functioning
D) Violation of societal norms

Question 19

The criterion that a particular behavior be atypical or not culturally expected is insufficient to define abnormality because

A) behavior that occurs infrequently is considered abnormal in every culture.
B) society is less willing to tolerate eccentricity in people who are productive.
C) behaviors vary very little from one culture to another.
D) many people behave in ways that deviate from the average, but this doesn't mean that they have a disorder.

Question 20

A psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset if the symptoms develop __________,while it has an insidious onset if the symptoms develop __________ .

A) suddenly; gradually
B) suddenly; atypically
C) gradually; atypically
D) atypically; suddenly

Question 21

Based on Hippocrates' humoral theory,"sanguine" describes a person who is ________.

A) pessimistic
B) pale
C) cheerful
D) humorous

Question 22

During the Middle Ages,groups of people would suddenly exhibit bizarre behavior such as running out into the street,dancing,shouting,and jumping around.This was known as _________.

A) tarantism
B) lycanthropy
C) demonic possession
D) the chicken dance

Question 23

Which of the following accurately describes common beliefs about people with psychological disorders during the 14thcentury?

A) They were considered to be suffering from religious delusions and were cared for by members of the church communities.
B) They were seen as possessed by evil spirits and blamed for all misfortunes.
C) They were regarded as basically good individuals who were not responsible for their abnormal behavior.
D) They were provided with medical treatments and sometimes hospitalized because mental illness was regarded as equivalent to physical illness.

Question 24

Toward the end of the 14th century and continuing into the 15th century,the causes of "madness" were generally attributed to

A) toxins in the blood.
B) religious delusions.
C) brain disease.
D) demons and witches.

Question 25

During the Middle Ages,as well as at other times,mentally ill people were sometimes forced to undergo the religious ritual called exorcism in order to

A) cure the mental illness by making the individual more religious.
B) build up muscle strength and make the person healthier.
C) rid the individual's body of evil spirits.
D) prove that the person was not a witch.

Question 26

Induced vomiting was a 17th century treatment for depression.As described in Anatomy of Melancholy (1621),this could be accomplished by eating _________.

A) raw meat
B) ice
C) coal
D) tobacco

Question 27

One hot and humid night,one of your friends suggests doing some really crazy things.You look up at the sky and say,"It must be the full moon." Your statement reflects the concept from which the word ____________ is derived.

A) lunatic
B) idiot
C) maniac
D) psychopath

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of psychopathology suggested by the Greek physician Hippocrates (400 BC)?

A) Head injury
B) Brain pathology
C) Genetics
D) Spirit possession

Question 29

In ancient Greece,a woman suffering from "hysteria" might be told that her condition could be cured by ________.

A) marriage
B) pregnancy
C) childbirth
D) divorce

Question 30

The historic belief that the movements and/or positions of the moon,stars,and planets influence human behavior is still held by followers of the pseudoscience called _____________.

A) graphology
B) parapsychology
C) astronomy
D) astrology

Question 31

Bloodletting,a treatment devised centuries ago to restore the balance of humors,was accomplished with the use of _________.

A) needles
B) leeches
C) tourniquets
D) bacteria

Question 32

The biological and psychological models or theories of abnormality derived originally from the ancient Greek concept in which the

A) mind was considered separate from the body.
B) flow of bodily fluids affected behavior and personality.
C) female reproductive organs were associated with psychopathology.
D) movement of the planets influenced human behavior.

Question 33

At various times in history,in an attempt to explain problematic,irrational behavior,humans have focused on supernatural causes that include all of the following EXCEPT

A) magnetic fields.
B) demons and evil spirits.
C) bodily humors.
D) the moon and stars.

Question 34

The treatment given to the mentally ill King Charles VI of France showed that the causes of his disorder were attributed to ______________ phenomena.

A) natural
B) supernatural
C) both natural and supernatural
D) neither natural nor supernatural

Question 35

Since the time of ancient Greece,the concept of a psyche or soul was similar to that of the _______.

A) brain
B) mind
C) body
D) blood

Question 36

You are listening to old musical tunes,including "My Melancholy Baby." Your friends are impressed when you tell them that "melancholic," referring to a depressive personality,derives from a Greek word meaning _________.

A) blood
B) phlegm
C) yellow bile
D) black bile

Question 37

The belief of homophobic people that the "sin" of homosexuality has resulted in HIV/AIDS is related to the historical concept of ______________ as a cause of madness.

A) divine punishment
B) faith healing
C) hysteria
D) sorcery

Question 38

According to Hippocrates' humoral theory,the "choleric" personality is ________.

A) hot-tempered
B) easygoing
C) kind
D) cheap

Question 39

Dr.Littlefox studies the origins and causes of psychological disorders,including the biological,psychological,and social dimensions.Dr.Littlefox studies the ___________ of a disorder.

A) prognosis
B) etiology
C) outcome
D) psychopathology

Question 40

In ancient Greece,"humoral excesses" thought to be causing psychological disorders were treated by

A) increasing or decreasing the person's exposure to heat, dryness, moisture, or cold.
B) herbal remedies.
C) decreasing both caloric and liquid intake.
D) lowering the person's body temperature for extended periods of time.

Question 41

In contrast to the asylums of the early 18th century,the psychosocial approach called moral therapy advocated all of the following EXCEPT

A) restraint and seclusion.
B) normal social interaction.
C) individual attention from the hospital staff.
D) lectures on interesting subjects for hospitalized patients.

Question 42

After Philippe Pinel introduced moral therapy as a treatment in mental hospitals in France,a similar type of socially facilitative environment was first established in a US hospital by

A) Benjamin Rush.
B) William Tuke.
C) Joseph von Medina.
D) Manfred Sakel.

Question 43

Although electroconvulsive therapy is controversial,we still use it today.It is interesting that it is used

A) despite possible harmful side effects.
B) and may cause serious fatal outcomes such as heart attacks.
C) despite the fact that we have little knowledge of how it works.
D) despite the fact that the success rate is about 25%.

Question 44

Moral treatment for mental patients involved

A) treating institutionalized patients as humanely as possible.
B) judging abnormal behavior on the basis of moral values.
C) the use of negative consequences to shape behavior.
D) isolating institutionalized patients until they behaved morally.

Question 45

The idea that psychological disorders could be classified based on their symptoms,onset,time course,and cause is attributed to

A) Anton Mesner.
B) Emil Kraepelin.
C) John Grey.
D) Dorothea Dix.

Question 46

The significance of the cure for syphilis was that

A) physicians were correct in prescribing rest and relaxation.
B) all forms of "madness" now had a cure.
C) Paralysis was now curable.
D) behavioral and cognitive symptoms were traced to a curable infection.

Question 47

Somatoform disorders,a current DSM-IV classification that evolved from the concept of "hysteria," affect

A) adult males only.
B) adult females only.
C) both males and females of any age.
D) children only.

Question 48

In the late 1800s,the emphasis on a biological cause of mental disorder resulted ironically in reduced interest in treatments for mental patients because it was thought that

A) physicians should devote more time to the physically ill.
B) patients would improve more rapidly if they were not hospitalized.
C) the hospital staff was not adequately trained to administer new treatments.
D) mental illness was due to an undiscovered brain pathology and was incurable.

Question 49

With the discovery of the major tranquilizers called _____________,psychotic symptoms,including hallucinations,delusions,and aggressiveness,were able to be controlled.

A) neuroleptics
B) benzodiazepines
C) bromides
D) opiates

Question 50

The first effective medications for severe psychotic disorders were developed in the _________.

A) late 19th century
B) early 20th century
C) 1950s
D) 1990s

Question 51

In the 19th century,John Gray,a well-known psychiatrist in the US,believed that mental illness was due to ____________.

A) psychological factors
B) physical causes
C) social/environmental influences
D) unknown influences

Question 52

Until the 1970s,hysterical disorders were diagnosed only in women.In fact,the term "hysteria" derives from the Greek hysteron,which means ___________.

A) ovary
B) uterus
C) pregnancy
D) vagina

Question 53

In keeping with an accepted treatment for mental illness in the 14th century,a physician treating King Charles VI of France had him moved to the countryside in order to

A) be closer to a hospital that treated mental illness.
B) keep him away from his family.
C) restore the balance in his humors.
D) cure him of hysteria.

Question 54

In the 1930s,when insulin shock therapy was deemed too risky as a treatment for mental disorder,__________________ began to be used instead.

A) bromides
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) megavitamin therapy
D) moral therapy

Question 55

The traditional tendency to stigmatize women as "hysterical" derived from Hippocrates' concept of ____________.

A) the "wandering uterus"
B) an "incompetent cervix"
C) "penis envy"
D) "pelvic dysfunction"

Question 56

In an attempt to rid the body of the excessive humors thought to be causing psychological disorders,physicians throughout history have used treatments such as ________.

A) bloodletting
B) induced seizures
C) exorcism
D) drilling through the skull

Question 57

Benzodiazepines,or "minor" tranquilizers such as Valium and Librium,are effective in reducing the symptoms of __________.

A) depression
B) anxiety
C) schizophrenia
D) hysteria

Question 58

The effect of electroconvulsive therapy in making a person feel elated and therefore help depression was discovered by

A) John Gray, who was the champion of the biological tradition in the US.
B) a Dutch physician who was a friend of Benjamin Franklin.
C) Hippocrates, who was the father of medicine.
D) Joseph von Meduna, who was a Hungarian psychiatrist.

Question 59

The concept of hysteria,which traditionally meant physical symptoms for which no organic pathology could be found,is now associated with which DSM-IV classification?

A) Anxiety disorders
B) Neurosis
C) PMS
D) Somatoform disorders

Question 60

The first significant supporting evidence for a biological cause of a mental disorder was the 19th century discovery that the psychotic disorder called general paresis was caused by the same bacterial microorganism that causes __________.

A) malaria
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) syphilis
D) hysteria

Question 61

If you were asked to explain Freud's structure of the mind to a friend who was unfamiliar with psychology,you might use an organizational analogy in which the id would be the employee who comes to work late and takes very long lunch hours,the superego would be the building security guard,and the ego would be

A) a newly hired employee.
B) a recently fired employee.
C) a manager.
D) a salesperson.

Question 62

A "double blind" experiment to ascertain the effectiveness of animal magnetism therapy was conducted by

A) Philippe Pinel.
B) Anton Mesmer.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Benjamin Franklin.

Question 63

Although Freud conceptualized the libido as the life energy within the id,many people think of it as the __________.

A) death instinct
B) sex drive
C) conscience
D) Oedipal conflict

Question 64

Anton Mesmer,an early 18th century physician,purported to cure patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called "animal magnetism." In fact,any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to

A) undetectable magnetic fields.
B) chemically induced humoral balance.
C) mental telepathy.
D) the power of suggestion.

Question 65

Realizing that patients were often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis,Charcot,Breuer,and Freud hypothesized the existence of ___________,a concept considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology.

A) neurosis
B) the unconscious mind
C) the Electra complex
D) catharsis

Question 66

You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder.You wonder how someone could commit such a horrible crime.Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that according to Freud,anyone could be a killer or rapist if _________ impulses were not well controlled.

A) egoistic
B) phallic
C) id
D) mesmeric

Question 67

The warring id and superego cause anxiety as a result of

A) intrapsychic conflict.
B) displacement.
C) conscience judging the ego ideal.
D) defense mechanisms.

Question 68

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders,Freud discovered

A) that it is therapeutic to recall and relive emotionally traumatic events.
B) that patients are unable to process emotionally charged information.
C) that hypnosis was less effective than mesmerism.
D) the existence of conscious memories.

Question 69

Freud's technique included the release of emotional material,which was known as _________.

A) insight
B) catharsis
C) free association
D) wish fulfillment

Question 70

According to Freudian theory,anxiety is a signal for the ego to marshal its mechanisms of defense,which function as

A) reality-based actions.
B) unconscious protective processes.
C) conscious efforts to maintain control.
D) primitive emotional responses.

Question 71

You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader Dorothea Dix,who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane.After mentioning all of her accomplishments,you note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts,namely,

A) a decrease in the number of mental patients in institutions, forcing many to close.
B) an increase in the number of mental patients, resulting in insufficient staff to care for them.
C) a change from custodial care to moral therapy for institutionalized patients.
D) more patients receiving psychotherapy and fewer receiving medication.

Question 72

According to psychoanalytic theory,the __________ develops early in life to ensure that we can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meet our basic needs.

A) ego
B) superego
C) libido
D) ideal self

Question 73

A classmate in your psychology course is worried about the selfish and sometimes dangerous drives of the id.You respond by saying that

A) each of us develops an ego to help us behave more realistically.
B) id fantasies never become reality.
C) psychologists disproved Freud's theories a long time ago.
D) since id impulses are usually part of consciousness awareness, we can learn to control them.

Question 74

As used in modern terminology to reflect coping styles,defense mechanisms

A) can be either adaptive or maladaptive.
B) are always maladaptive.
C) are never adaptive.
D) are always self-defeating.

Question 75

According to psychoanalytic theory,the id operates on the "pleasure principle," so it

A) adheres to social rules and regulations.
B) thinks in an unemotional, logical, and rational manner.
C) is sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious.
D) utilizes secondary process thinking.

Question 76

In the classic case of Anna O.in 1895,the neurologist Breuer treated her "hysterical" symptoms by using _________.

A) hydrotherapy
B) hypnosis
C) faith healing
D) the placebo effect

Question 77

In Freudian theory "libido" and "thanatos" represent the two basic but opposing drives of ________.

A) life and death
B) sex and celibacy
C) good and evil
D) pleasure and pain

Question 78

Which of the following accurately describes the patients of Freud and Breur after they received hypnotherapy for their psychological disorders?

A) Feelings of relief and improvement
B) Decreased emotionality while in the hypnotic state
C) Accurate post-hypnotic recall
D) Increased understanding of the causes of their psychological disorder

Question 79

After the mid 1800s,moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill because

A) the number of patients in mental institutions also declined.
B) immigrants caused an increase in the mental hospital population.
C) the number of people available to staff mental hospitals increased.
D) new biologically based treatments became available.

Question 80

When Johnny wanted a cookie before dinner,he thought about just going and taking one without permission.However,after thinking about it,he decided to get permission from his mom.Johnny was operating according to the _______ principle.

A) pleasure
B) reality
C) moral
D) Oedipal