Deck 5: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is an accurate statement about anxiety?

A) An inherited tendency can make us tense or uptight.
B) A single gene makes us vulnerable to anxiety.
C) Panic disorder does not "run in families."
D) Stress is a direct cause of panic disorder.

Answer 1

An inherited tendency can make us tense or uptight.

Question 2

Physiological assessments of panic attacks recorded in the laboratory indicate an increase in all of the following EXCEPT ______________.

A) heartbeat
B) finger temperature
C) muscle tension
D) stomach contractions

Answer 2

stomach contractions

Question 3

Hideki was attending his fifth baseball game at Condor Stadium,where he had previously had a panic attack.He did not know if he would have a panic attack today,but shortly after entering the stadium,he did.This type of panic attack is ____________.

A) situationally predisposed
B) situationally bound
C) cued
D) uncued

Answer 3

situationally predisposed

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of panic attack?

A) Situation bound
B) Unexpected
C) Situation predisposed
D) Situation inevitable

Question 5

When people are anxious,they

A) know it is irrational, but can't help it.
B) believe their feelings are rational.
C) have trouble recognizing reality.
D) don't realize they are feeling anxious.

Question 6

____________ is characterized by apprehension because of future unpredictability,whereas ____________ is characterized by strong escapist tendencies.

A) Anxiety; fear
B) Fear; anxiety
C) Psychoses; neuroses
D) neuroses; psychoses

Question 7

Anxiety is closely related to which of the following psychological disorders?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Depression
C) Dementia
D) Psychosis

Question 8

People behave best when they are ___________.

A) very anxious
B) not anxious at all
C) a little anxious
D) fearful

Question 9

The "flight or fight" response that is triggered by anxiety primarily involves the ____________ nervous system.

A) autonomic
B) parasympathetic
C) peripheral
D) somatic

Question 10

Research suggests that we inherit a tendency to be tense,which is ____________.

A) caused by a single gene
B) caused by multiple genes
C) related to depression
D) related to schizophrenia

Question 11

Which of the following neurotransmitter systems is associated not only with anxiety but also with depression?

A) GABA-benzodiazepine
B) Noradrenergic
C) Serotonergic
D) Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system

Question 12

The area of the brain most often associated with anxiety is the _____________.

A) limbic system
B) reticular activating system
C) occipital lobe
D) corpus callosum

Question 13

Mrs.Pan has an anxiety disorder in which she has occasional panic attacks when shopping at the mall.This type of panic attack is referred to as _______________.

A) uncued
B) situationally predisposed
C) cued
D) situationally bound

Question 14

Which type of panic attack is most closely related to phobias?

A) Situationally predisposed
B) Situationally bound
C) Unexpected
D) Uncued

Question 15

Lawanda was walking down the street on a bright sunny day when,all of a sudden,she had an abrupt attack of intense fear that totally surprised her.This is what type of panic attack?

A) Situationally predisposed
B) Situationally bound
C) Cued
D) Uncued

Question 16

"I've got to get out of here right now,or I may not make it!" This statement is most likely to be said by someone experiencing a(n)

A) episode of depression.
B) future-oriented mood state.
C) fear reaction.
D) parasympathetic "surge."

Question 17

Fear activates a

A) surge of autonomic energy so we can flee.
B) psychological but not physiological response.
C) physiological but not psychological response.
D) decrease in autonomic energy so we can flee.

Question 18

Anxiety is thought to be a____________ state,while fear is more_______.

A) future-oriented; immediate
B) short-term; long-term
C) real; irrational
D) immediate; future-oriented

Question 19

Which of the following characterizes the mood-state known as anxiety?

A) Positive mood state
B) Reduced heart rate
C) Apprehension about the future
D) Muscle relaxation

Question 20

According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria,the symptoms of a panic attack develop abruptly and reach a peak within _____ minute(s).

A) 1
B) 10
C) 30
D) 60

Question 21

Having an anxiety disorder increases the risk of ______________.

A) depression
B) migraines
C) suicidal ideation
D) all of the above

Question 22

Which of the following brain areas is NOT closely associated with anxiety?

A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Hypothalamus

Question 23

At the time of assessment of an anxiety disorder,_________ of patients should have at least one other anxiety or depressive disorder.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 55%
D) 75%

Question 24

Research studies have found that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)is particularly prevalent among ______________.

A) young adult males
B) teenage girls
C) the elderly
D) midlife males

Question 25

Members of the Falcons High School senior class will have an increased risk of developing anxiety disorders if they

A) smoke pot more than once per week.
B) smoke 20 or more cigarettes daily.
C) drink alcohol every day.
D) use anabolic steroids for 6 months or more.

Question 26

People with GAD

A) have a media age of onset based on interviews was 25.
B) have episodes that come and go.
C) have a 58% chance of recovery after having the disorder for 12 years .
D) none of the above

Question 27

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anxiety disorders?

A) Major depress occurs in 65% of the cases of people diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
B) Having an anxiety disorder along with depression has no effect on the recovery rate.
C) Having an anxiety disorder might contribute to a physical disorder such as arthritis.
D) The most common additional diagnosis for all anxiety disorders was alcoholism.

Question 28

The behavioral inhibition system is activated by signals from the _____________.

A) brain stem
B) hypothalamus
C) hippocampus
D) cortex

Question 29

Which of the following terms is most associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A) Fear
B) Panic
C) Worry
D) Emotion

Question 30

People with GAD tend to worry about

A) large, extremely stressful events only.
B) mostly minor things.
C) physical threats only.
D) germs and diseases only.

Question 31

According to Jeffrey Gray,a British neuropsychologist,the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)is activated by danger signals _________________,resulting in the experience of anxiety.

A) ascending from the brain stem
B) descending from the cortex
C) arising from both the brain stem and the cortex
D) within the amygdala only

Question 32

Research suggests that anxiety is more likely to develop in adults if they

A) smoked after age 20.
B) never smoked.
C) smoked as a teen.
D) chewed tobacco as a teen.

Question 33

All of the following are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)EXCEPT

A) muscle tension.
B) mental agitation.
C) worrying about minor daily events.
D) hypersomnia.

Question 34

Research suggests that anxiety and depression frequently

A) co-occur.
B) are totally separate disorders.
C) can occur in the same person, but not at the same time.
D) share no vulnerability.

Question 35

Recent research by Barlow (2002)and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to

A) one's sense of control over environmental events.
B) the number of unexpected occurrences in one's life.
C) the number of siblings in one's family.
D) genetic or biological factors only.

Question 36

Studies suggest that parents can protect their child from anxiety if they

A) never let them experience adversity.
B) teach independence by ignoring the child's needs.
C) let children explore the world and deal with the unexpected.
D) cope for the child as much as possible.

Question 37

Stressful life events,such as marriage,divorce,familial death,academic pressures,etc.,trigger our vulnerabilities to anxiety.These are examples of a ______________ contribution.

A) psychological
B) biological
C) social
D) cultural

Question 38

A child who is afraid of dogs because her father was afraid of dogs is said to have a ________ vulnerability.

A) specific psychological
B) general biological
C) general psychological
D) specific biological

Question 39

The recent research by Johnson et al.(2000)on cigarette smoking by teenagers indicates the possibility that

A) brain circuits are permanently "wired."
B) neurotransmitter systems operate independently of non-biological influences.
C) sensitivity of brain circuits can be effected by environmental factors.
D) respiratory disorders cause changes in neurotransmitter systems.

Question 40

In what way is worry useful?

A) It helps us plan for the future.
B) It makes sure we are prepared for a task.
C) It makes us double check that we have thought of everything before leaving on a trip.
D) All of these

Question 41

Barlow and others (1992)developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment for GAD that helps the patient

A) avoid feelings of anxiety as well as the negative images associated with those feelings.
B) confront anxiety-provoking thoughts and images.
C) adjust medication levels as needed to cope with the anxiety.
D) analyze the unconscious sources of the anxiety.

Question 42

For generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),the typical pharmacological treatment of choice has been the category of drugs known as ___________.

A) benzodiazepines
B) SSRIs
C) tricyclics
D) MAO inhibitors

Question 43

Findings from cognitive science combined with biological data indicate that the developmental model for generalized anxiety disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) an inherited tendency to be tense.
B) a sense of control over life events.
C) stress leading to apprehension and vigilance.
D) autonomic restriction.

Question 44

Agoraphobic avoidance behavior appears to be determined by

A) how recently the last panic attack occurred.
B) the extent to which the person expects another panic attack to occur.
C) the number of panic attacks the person has had in the past.
D) how severe the panic attacks have been.

Question 45

Agoraphobia,which has come to mean "fear of going out," derives from the Greek word agora,meaning ____________.

A) marketplace
B) home
C) travel
D) safe

Question 46

Panic attack studies suggest that men

A) simply endure panic attacks better than women.
B) don't experience panic attacks.
C) mask panic attacks with depression.
D) consume alcohol to deal with panic attacks.

Question 47

People with a psychological vulnerability to panic attacks tend to ________ normal physical sensations.

A) catastrophize
B) minimize
C) fake
D) ignore

Question 48

Which of the following people living in the United States is most likely to develop GAD?

A) Monica, a 50-year-old woman
B) Billy, an 8-year-old boy
C) Sam, a 50-year-old male
D) Tanya, a 15-year-old girl

Question 49

Panic attacks tend to occur most often

A) at daybreak due to a fear of the new day.
B) at sunset after a stressful day.
C) during deep sleep between 1:30 and 3:30 A.M.
D) in the evening when people start dreaming.

Question 50

Which physiological measure consistently distinguishes individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)from non-anxious normal subjects?

A) Increased muscle tension
B) Increased heart rate
C) Decreased EEG beta activity
D) Heightened autonomic arousal

Question 51

Panic control treatment

A) was developed by the textbook authors.
B) concentrates on exposing the patients to the cluster of physical sensations that remind them of their panic attacks.
C) involves the therapist to create "mini" attacks in the office.
D) all of the above

Question 52

A teenage girl had recently been having panic attacks while shopping at the mall.She was sitting in her room feeling very depressed.To cheer her up,a friend suggested that they both go to an exercise class.Shortly after the warm-up started,however,she had another panic attack.What is the best explanation for this occurrence?

A) She was angry with the friend for insisting that she go out.
B) The medication that had been prescribed for her was only treating the depression, not the anxiety.
C) The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur.
D) The exercise class was an unconditioned stimulus that resulted in a panic attack.

Question 53

The purpose of creating mini panic attacks in panic control treatment therapy is to

A) allow the patient to develop alternative attitudes about the feared situation.
B) convince the patient that panic attacks are not real.
C) force the panic attacks into the unconscious.
D) help patients identify what makes them panic.

Question 54

An individual who suffers from panic disorder might become anxious about climbing stairs,exercising,or being in hot rooms because these activities produce sensations similar to those accompanying a panic attack.In psychological terms,the exercise and hot rooms have become __________.

A) conditioned stimuli
B) unconditioned stimuli
C) conditioned responses
D) unconditioned responses

Question 55

Which of the following is an accurate statement about panic disorder with or without agoraphobia?

A) An individual who suffers through an agoraphobic situation rather than avoiding it entirely is not considered agoraphobic.
B) Most individuals with panic disorder will also avoid internal sensations that produce physiological arousal.
C) Approximately 75% of those with agoraphobia are male.
D) Women are more likely than men to cope with panic disorder by drinking alcohol.

Question 56

Nocturnal panic attacks generally occur when an individual is ____________.

A) in REM sleep
B) having a nightmare
C) deeply asleep
D) dreaming

Question 57

Research suggests that people with GAD worry

A) with images but try to avoid the associated negative affect.
B) without images but try to avoid the associated negative affect.
C) with images to magnify the associated negative affect.
D) without images to magnify the associated negative affect.

Question 58

The phenomenon known as "isolated sleep paralysis" is most likely to occur in _________ who suffer from panic disorder.

A) Caucasians
B) African Americans
C) Latinos
D) Asians

Question 59

In treating panic disorder,all of the following types of medications are used EXCEPT ________.

A) tricyclic antidepressants
B) SSRIs
C) opiates
D) benzodiazepines

Question 60

Evidence now suggests that agoraphobic avoidance behavior is one component of

A) exaggerated obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) major phobias.
C) severe panic attacks.
D) mild generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 61

When diagnosing separation anxiety in children,clinicians must

A) determine whether the anxiety matches that expected for the child's age.
B) differentiate between separation anxiety and school phobias.
C) rule out physical causes for distress.
D) all of the above

Question 62

D-cycloserine is a drug that seems to act to work in the

A) amygdala to diminish anxiety.
B) hippocampus to reduce the memory of anxiety.
C) hypothalamus to produce homeostasis.
D) thalamus to decrease sensory signals of anxiety.

Question 63

Manuel had a fear of riding on buses,so his mother had to drive him to school every day.Manuel's phobia is a(n)_________ phobia.

A) situational
B) natural environment
C) blood-injury-injection
D) animal

Question 64

Which of the following procedures is NOT part of Barlow's panic control treatment (PCT)?

A) Cognitive therapy to modify conscious or unconscious perceptions about the "dangerousness" of feared situations
B) Creation of mini panic attacks in the therapist's office
C) Exercises to elevate the heart rate or spinning to make the patient dizzy
D) Reducing agoraphobic avoidance by exposure to feared situations

Question 65

According to your textbook,new techniques have made it possible to treat some phobias effectively in one _____.

A) day
B) week
C) month
D) year

Question 66

Cognitive behavioral therapy when added to patients taking medication tends to _________the condition of patients with panic attacks.

A) minimize further
B) significantly improve
C) diminish
D) eliminate

Question 67

The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA)is

A) people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.
B) people with situational phobia experience panic attacks when confronted with the phobic situation as well as at other times.
C) people with PDA experience panic attacks only in specific situations.
D) people with PDA experience panic attacks only at specific times.

Question 68

Although illness phobia resembles hypochondria,it differs in that people with illness phobias

A) are fearful of acquiring a disease.
B) are fearful that they have contracted a disease.
C) are worried that they had the disease and weren't aware of it.
D) actually have the disease.

Question 69

What is one factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT)developed at one of Barlow's clinics?

A) Exposure to the interceptive sensations associated with panic attacks
B) Referral to a psychiatrist for medication monitoring
C) Traditional exposure-based treatments result in a higher rate of cures
D) As part of PCT, the therapist accompanies the patient on "reality testing" activities

Question 70

In a major double-blind NIMH research study looking at the separate and combined effects of both psychological and drug treatments (Barlow et al.,2000),patients were randomized into five different treatment conditions,including

A) psychological treatment alone (PCT).
B) combined drug and psychological treatment.
C) placebo alone.
D) all of these

Question 71

In the general population,approximately __________ of people have specific fears severe enough to be diagnosed as phobias.

A) 1%
B) 11%
C) 31%
D) 51%

Question 72

You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal,you would first need to know

A) the child's age.
B) whether the child is a boy or a girl.
C) if other family members have anxiety disorders.
D) how long the child has shown this behavior.

Question 73

In regard to treatment of specific phobias,which of the following statements is correct?

A) Structured exposure-based exercises are no longer considered necessary.
B) Individuals with "blood" phobias must learn to relax their muscles to keep their blood pressure high enough to prevent fainting.
C) Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning.
D) Avoiding a phobic situation weakens the phobic response.

Question 74

The median age of onset for a specific phobia is ____.

A) 7
B) 15
C) 25
D) 40

Question 75

In the type of specific phobia called "blood-injury-injection," there is an inherited vasovagal response and a tendency to faint due to

A) an increase in blood pressure.
B) a decrease in blood pressure.
C) an increase in body temperature.
D) a decrease in body temperature.

Question 76

All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT

A) strong and persistent anxiety related to a specific object or situation.
B) significant attempts by the anxious individual to avoid the phobic situation.
C) recognition by the person with the phobia that the anxiety is excessive or unreasonable.
D) decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 77

According to your textbook,there are at least three ways of developing a phobia.Which is NOT one of these ways?

A) Experiencing a panic attack in a specific situation
B) Having a nightmare about a feared situation
C) Observing someone else experience severe fear
D) In certain conditions, being told about danger

Question 78

A friend stated that when she went to a clinic,she had to spend several 30- to 60-second sessions shaking her head from side to side,spinning in a chair,tensing all her muscles,hyperventilating,or breathing through a narrow straw.She is surprised that you correctly guessed that she is receiving treatment for

A) specific phobia.
B) social phobia.
C) panic disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 79

A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the longest-lasting benefits.Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication,you tell your relative to first try

A) the drug imipramine.
B) psychological treatment along with medication.
C) panic control treatment that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
D) any available treatment since patients in all treatment conditions achieved the same long-lasting gains.

Question 80

A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents,which may result in refusal to leave home is called

A) globus hystericus.
B) school phobia.
C) situational phobia.
D) separation anxiety.