Deck 8: Eating And Sleep Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Eating disorders are a way of expressing depression.
B) Eating disorders have a high comorbidity with stress disorders.
C) Depression may be a reaction to bulimia.
D) 20-40% of all bulimics meet the criteria for a mood disorder during the course of their eating disorder.

Answer 1

Depression may be a reaction to bulimia.

Question 2

Recent research (Eddy et al.,2002)suggests that the restricting and bingeing/purging subtypes of anorexia

A) are really different disorders.
B) have completely different causes.
C) show few differences in severity of symptoms.
D) are useless distinctions of the same disorder.

Answer 2

show few differences in severity of symptoms.

Question 3

Individuals with bulimia

A) can be any weight.
B) are typically significantly overweight.
C) are typically significantly underweight.
D) are usually overweight during the development of the disorder but become underweight as the disorder progresses.

Answer 3

can be any weight.

Question 4

Over the past 30 years,most Western countries have experienced a dramatic

A) decrease in the incidence of anorexia and bulimia.
B) increase in the incidence of anorexia and bulimia.
C) increase in the incidence of anorexia but a decrease in the incidence of bulimia.
D) increase in the incidence of bulimia and no change in the rate of anorexia.

Question 5

The chief motivating factor in both anorexia and bulimia is

A) a desire to purge.
B) an overwhelming drive to eat.
C) an overwhelming urge to be thin.
D) a desire to starve oneself.

Question 6

Susan,a woman of relatively normal weight,sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself.She follows this with long periods of complete fasting.Based on this information,Susan would

A) be diagnosed with bulimia.
B) be diagnosed with anorexia.
C) not be diagnosed with any disorder because she is of normal weight.
D) not be diagnosed with bulimia because she is not purging.

Question 7

The strongest contributions to etiology of eating disorders seem to be _________.

A) genetic
B) psychological
C) somatogenic
D) sociocultural

Question 8

Amy is a young woman who is very competitive and comes from a high achieving,wealthy family.She is very social and likes the fact that she is quite popular.She believes that her popularity is dependent on the weight and shape of her body.Amy has a boyfriend but worries that she may care more about their relationship than he does.The feature that puts Amy most at risk for an eating disorder such as bulimia is her

A) belief that her weight and body shape influence her popularity.
B) belief that her boyfriend cares less about the relationship than she does.
C) successful family.
D) competitive nature.

Question 9

An individual who binges and then fasts for several days would probably be considered a

A) purging type bulimic.
B) non-purging type bulimic.
C) purging type anorexic.
D) non-purging type anorexic.

Question 10

The approximate percentage of bulimia patients who do not purge is ______.

A) 0
B) 6-8%
C) 30-35%
D) 70-75%

Question 11

The typical profile of a patient with either anorexia or bulimia is

A) young, white, female, upper socioeconomic status, socially competitive environment.
B) young, white, female, any socioeconomic status, history of depression.
C) young, female, any race, any socioeconomic status, highly competitive.
D) any age, female, white, upper socioeconomic status, few friends.

Question 12

Approximately ___ of anorexia deaths are due to suicide.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Question 13

Jody sometimes eats more than just about any other girl that you know.You wonder if her eating sometimes could be considered bingeing.In order to determine this,you would have to know

A) the caloric intake of the foods.
B) whether she is eating junk foods.
C) whether eating gets to be out of her control.
D) the situations under which she eats a great deal.

Question 14

The most significant feature of bulimia is ____________.

A) purging
B) overeating
C) overeating followed by an urge to vomit
D) binge eating followed by compensatory behavior

Question 15

The overwhelming majority of individuals with bulimia are

A) athletes who must maintain their body weight.
B) within 10% of their normal weight.
C) substance abusers.
D) very successful at losing weight.

Question 16

Bulimic patients often present with additional psychological disorders,particularly _________ and ______________________.

A) body dysmorphic disorder; substance disorders
B) mood disorders; sexual disorders
C) anxiety disorders; mood disorders
D) obsessive compulsive disorder; sexual disorders

Question 17

The core diagnostic factor in anorexia is

A) food refusal.
B) a binge-purge cycle.
C) intentional weight loss reaching 15% or less of expected body weight.
D) rapid, intentional weight loss and the belief that more weight needs to be lost.

Question 18

The death rate (including suicide)due to anorexia nervosa is

A) higher than for any other psychological disorder except depression.
B) lower than that of most psychological disorders.
C) higher than that any psychological disorder reviewed in your text.
D) the highest of all of the psychological disorders.

Question 19

The most serious medical consequence of bulimia is potential _____________.

A) electrolyte imbalance
B) salivary gland damage
C) starvation
D) tooth erosion

Question 20

When individuals with anorexia are evaluated over long periods of time,it has been found that the percentage of individuals who die as a result of their disorder is ______.

A) 20%
B) 5%
C) 2%
D) 40%

Question 21

Studies suggest that young white males would often prefer to be ____________ than they are.

A) thinner
B) heavier
C) taller
D) shorter

Question 22

.Mothers of anorexic girls tend to be __________.

A) perfectionists
B) dieting themselves
C) worried about social messages
D) all of these

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT true about the relationships between the media and attitudes about body shape?

A) Prime-time situation comedies often feature women dieting or complaining about their weight.
B) Most magazine models are thinner than average women.
C) Men on TV are more likely to be overweight than women.
D) The media has no impact on body image.

Question 24

Binge-eating disorder is currently seen as a(n)

A) axis I disorder.
B) axis II disorder.
C) subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) potential new disorder.

Question 25

When considering all the factors that influence the development of eating disorders,

A) strong influence of genetics
B) role that family instability plays
C) power of neurobiological influences
D) influence of society and culture
E)g., anorexia and bulimia, it is apparent that the ___________ is unique when compared to factors that affect the development of other psychological disorders.

Question 26

Studies of foreign-born students who are attending Western universities show that

A) anorexia and bulimia do not occur in students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.
B) anorexia and bulimia are observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.
C) anorexia, but not bulimia, has been observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.
D) bulimia, but not anorexia, has been observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.

Question 27

Which of the following might help to explain the vast differences in the incidence of eating disorders among men and women?

A) The influence of behavioral genetics
B) The fact that boys are encouraged to play sports and girls to be active in social functions
C) The fact that puberty brings boys' bodies closer to the societal ideal and girls' bodies further from the societal ideal
D) The differences in the way boys and girls tend to gain weight from overeating

Question 28

When women are asked to identify the most attractive female body weight,they typically identify a weight that is

A) lower than the weight identified by men.
B) the same as the weight identified by men.
C) higher than the weight identified by men.
D) 20% lower than their own body weight.

Question 29

When men are asked to identify the ideal male body,they typically select a body weight that is about

A) equal to their own.
B) 28 pounds more muscular than their own.
C) equal to the average male of their age.
D) 15 pounds lighter than their own.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Anorexia typically occurs at a much earlier age than bulimia.
B) Once bulimia develops, it tend to be chronic if untreated.
C) Bulimics eventually shift to symptoms of other eating disorders.
D) Bulimia is more resistant to treatment than anorexia.

Question 31

The most common reason that anorexics generally do not seek treatment on their own is that they

A) are ashamed of their disorder.
B) fear that they will be hospitalized.
C) do not see themselves as too thin.
D) have little desire for food.

Question 32

Binge-eating disorder is characterized by _____________.

A) laxative use
B) purging
C) lack of compensatory behaviors
D) none of these choices

Question 33

Which of the following diagnoses would require the noticeable loss of weight?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 34

Which of the following minority populations tends to have the least body dissatisfaction and weight concerns?

A) African Americans
B) Hispanics
C) Native Americans
D) Asians

Question 35

The age range for the onset for bulimia and anorexia is typically ____________.

A) 13 to 19
B) 8 to 12
C) 20 to 26
D) early childhood

Question 36

The best evidence that binge-eating disorder (BED)may not just be a special case of bulimia is that

A) more males than females suffer from BED.
B) no genetic component has been identified for BED.
C) there is a greater likelihood of remission and a better response to treatment for BED.
D) the average age of onset is much younger for BED than it is for bulimia or anorexia.

Question 37

The increase in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia has been referred to as a "collision between our culture and our physiology." The most accurate interpretation of this statement is that

A) people have become too dependent on media determinations of beauty.
B) media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.
C) dieting has become a fad that has been taken to an extreme.
D) society has no business telling us how to define beauty.

Question 38

Individuals who experience loss of control of their eating and consume great quantities of food but do not engage in any attempts to compensate for their binge would be diagnosed with

A) bulimia, non-purging type.
B) binge-eating disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) buffet disorder.

Question 39

The most common medical complication of anorexia is ____________.

A) brittle hair
B) downy hair on limbs
C) electrolyte imbalance
D) cessation of menstrual cycle

Question 40

The males most likely to develop an eating disorder such as bulimia are those who are _________.

A) overweight
B) depressed
C) homosexual
D) only children

Question 41

Dietary restraint studies suggest that people who are starved

A) stop caring about food.
B) may become obsessed with food.
C) lose interest in food over time.
D) gradually adjust to starvation diets.

Question 42

An early stage of Phoebe's cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia will likely involve

A) antidepressant medication.
B) family therapy.
C) small, frequent meals.
D) in-patient treatment.

Question 43

A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)and interpersonal therapy (IPT)for the treatment of bulimia indicates that one year after treatment,

A) BT was superior to CBT, which was superior to IPT.
B) BT was equivalent to CBT and both were superior to IPT.
C) CBT was equivalent to IPT.
D) all therapies had some effectiveness but no therapy was found to be more effective than any other.

Question 44

With regard to the biological influences of anorexia and bulimia,the most accurate statement is

A) anorexia and bulimia are culturally determined and not biologically influenced.
B) the biological influences of anorexia and bulimia have not been studied.
C) although the studies are still limited, there appears to be some biological influence in the development of anorexia and bulimia.
D) although the studies are limited, there does appear to be a large biological influence for anorexia and a very small biological influence for bulimia.

Question 45

In regard to treatment for eating disorders,Prozac is considered to be an effective treatment in the long term for

A) anorexia but not bulimia.
B) bulimia but not anorexia.
C) both anorexia and bulimia .
D) neither anorexia or bulimia.

Question 46

Of the following,the group in which we would expect to see the highest incidence of anorexia is

A) male homosexuals.
B) female body builders.
C) ballet dancers.
D) female track stars.

Question 47

An important aspect of the cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of bulimia involves

A) changing patients' dysfunctional thoughts regarding their weight and previous weight control strategies.
B) helping the patient's family learn new ways of interacting with each other and with the patient.
C) changing the type and frequency of reinforcement associated with being an identified patient.
D) making sure that the patient has a lot of quiet time where she can be alone.

Question 48

Which of the following young women appears to be at the highest risk for developing an eating disorder?

A) Linda, whose mom and dad recently divorced
B) Carla, whose family members always seem to be fighting with each other
C) Sandy, whose family emphasizes achievement, support, and communication
D) Bonnie, whose family is perfectionistic, successful, and eager to maintain harmony

Question 49

A risk factor for bingeing may be ____________.

A) sensitivity to taste
B) overeating
C) indifference to food
D) attempts to restrict food intake

Question 50

The families of anorexia patients are typically characterized as

A) dysfunctional and disorganized.
B) successful and perfectionistic.
C) reserved and quiet.
D) no different than the average family.

Question 51

With regard to drug treatments for bulimia patients,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Medications have not been found to be effective for the treatment of bulimia.
B) Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia.
C) Benzodiazipine medications have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia.
D) Anti-psychotic medications have been found to be effective for the treatment of bulimia.

Question 52

With respect to eating disorders,drug treatments

A) have not been found to be effective in the treating of anorexia.
B) had no benefit in preventing relapse in patients with anorexia.
C) do not have long-lasting effects on bulimia nervosa.
D) all of these

Question 53

The families of anorexia patients are typically characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) open communication.
B) high achievement.
C) perfectionism.
D) concern with external appearances.

Question 54

When considering all the factors that influence the development of eating disorders,

A) strong influence of genetics
B) role that family instability plays
C) power of neurobiological influences
D) influence of society and culture
E)g., anorexia and bulimia, it is apparent that the ___________ is unique when compared to factors that affect the development of other psychological disorders.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is TRUE about individuals with an eating disorder?

A) They have a diminished sense of personal control.
B) They may manifest as strikingly low self-esteem.
C) They display more perfectionistic attitudes.
D) All of these

Question 56

Which of the teenage girls described below is at greatest risk for developing an eating disorder?

A) Alice is currently on a diet; her friends also diet aggressively.
B) Sue is of average to slightly above average weight but wants to lose a few pounds.
C) Megan's friends are concerned about the weight she has lost since she began working out with the swim team.
D) Jean has always been fairly thin despite the fact that she eats quite normally.

Question 57

One major problem with the use of medication in the treatment of bulimia is that

A) well-controlled studies have not found medication more effective than a placebo.
B) the beneficial effects of the medication may be short-term.
C) side effects make most patients discontinue the medication.
D) patients refuse to take their medication.

Question 58

Weight reduction efforts by girls tend to result in ______________.

A) overall weight loss
B) overall weight gain
C) no change in weight
D) stunted growth

Question 59

Genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve

A) a specific gene for each actual eating disorder.
B) an inherited personality tendency that may make development of an eating disorder more likely.
C) multiple genes interacting in ways not yet determined that directly produce eating disordered behavior.
D) recessive genes.

Question 60

.Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to drug treatments for patients with anorexia?

A) Medications have not generally been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia.
B) Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of anorexia.
C) Anti-anxiety medications have some effectiveness in the treatment of anorexia.
D) Anti-psychotic mediations have been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia.

Question 61

Two years after finishing CBT treatment for bulimia,

A) Phoebe relapsed for the third time.
B) Phoebe gained more weight and binge eating was not successfully controlled.
C) Phoebe's problem had become a bad but vague memory.
D) the treatment had little effect on her bulimia.

Question 62

Studies of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia have demonstrated

A) significant short-term gains in reduction of purging, but little change in binge-eating behavior.
B) significant short-term gains in reduction of binge eating but no long-term gains.
C) a few short-term gains in reduction of binge eating and purging but no long-term gains.
D) significant short- and long-term gains in reduction of binge eating and purging.

Question 63

Which of the following genetic factors does NOT contribute to obesity?

A) Number of fat cells
B) Likelihood of fat storage
C) Activity levels
D) Fat cell shape

Question 64

Matilda has had anorexia for several years.She started losing weight because her family said she needed to lose a few pounds.A crucial part of treatment for Matilda is family therapy that focuses on the issues regarding

A) attitudes toward body shape and image distortions.
B) negative communications in the family regarding food and eating.
C) dysfunctional communication in the family regarding food and eating.
D) all of these

Question 65

One intriguing result from the studies comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)and interpersonal therapy (IPT)for bulimia is the finding that

A) IPT is more effective in the short term but CBT is more effective when we look at how well patients are doing one year following treatment.
B) IPT and CBT appear to be indistinguishable in terms of their effectiveness in the short and long term, despite their very different approaches.
C) IPT is always more effective than CBT.
D) CBT is more effective in the short term, but IPT patients "catch up" and will do as well as CBT patients one year after treatment.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to the treatment of binge-eating disorder?

A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-help appear to be effective.
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy appears to be effective but self-help does not.
C) Neither cognitive-behavioral nor self-help appears to be effective.
D) Antidepressant medication is the only proven treatment.

Question 67

Many clinicians suggest that the most difficult part of treatment for anorexia,and the part of treatment where many anorexics are not successful,is

A) initial weight gain.
B) admitting that there is a problem and agreeing to begin treatment.
C) changing their attitudes regarding body and self-image.
D) when they become bulimic.

Question 68

The most successful weight loss programs are

A) commercial self-help plans that limit carbohydrates or calories.
B) self-directed diet plans based on diet books.
C) professionally directed behavior modification programs.
D) hypnosis-based plans.

Question 69

As of 2008,the percentage of the adult population of the United States with a body mass index in the obese range was __________.

A) 12%
B) 17%
C) 26%
D) 34%

Question 70

Average weight loss on diet programs such as Atkins and Weight Watchers is _______.

A) 4-7 pounds
B) 10-15 pounds
C) 20-25 pounds
D) 30 or more pounds

Question 71

Jill has been in treatment for anorexia for the past two months.Over this time,she has gained weight to the point where her weight is in the average range for a woman of her height.The fact that she gained weight fairly quickly in treatment means

A) her prognosis for a full recovery is very good.
B) she is probably in need of little if any more treatment.
C) she has completed the most difficult part of her treatment.
D) little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.

Question 72

Obesity is the major factor in ____________.

A) Type I diabetes
B) Type II diabetes
C) anorexia
D) bulimia

Question 73

Outcome research regarding the long-term success of treatment for eating disorders indicates that

A) anorexia patients tend to have a better prognosis than bulimia patients.
B) bulimia patients tend to have a better prognosis than anorexia patients.
C) both anorexia and bulimia patients almost always make a full and long-term recovery after treatment.
D) neither anorexia nor bulimia patients tend to make long-term recoveries, with most patients going through repeated bouts of these disorders throughout their lives.

Question 74

The most important and immediate goal in the treatment of an anorexic patient is ________________.

A) family acceptance of the problem
B) weight gain
C) balanced diet
D) resolution of family issues

Question 75

Based on the research reported in your text regarding available treatments for bulimia,we can conclude that treatment that focuses on _____________ and ___________ is most effective in gaining rapid control of bulimia and maintaining these gains over the long term.

A) dysfunctional thoughts; actual disorder behaviors
B) family functioning; social relationships
C) classical conditioning; operant learning
D) biological processes; genetics

Question 76

In studies of Internet-based eating disorder prevention programs (Winzelberg et al.,2000)such as the "student bodies program,"

A) the participants showed no beneficial effects.
B) participants reported improvement in body image and decreased drive for thinness.
C) not a single participant has developed symptoms of an eating disorder.
D) the drop-out rate has been extremely high.

Question 77

Programs that have the best chance of success for preventing eating disorders

A) should be administered to all girls under 15 years of age to prevent the disorder from developing.
B) should be administered to girls under 15 yrs, of age who are concerned about being overweight.
C) should be administered to all girls 15 years of age or older to prevent the disorder from developing.
D) should be administered to girls 15 years of age or older who are concerned about being overweight.

Question 78

Individuals with night eating syndrome

A) consume a third of their daily intake after their evening meal.
B) binge during the night.
C) do not wake up while eating during the night.
D) often purge after eating.

Question 79

A promising treatment for anorexia is

A) combining CBT and IPT therapy.
B) combining CBT and IPT therapy and drug intervention.
C) to focus treatment on the extreme anxiety over gaining weight using therapeutic intervention.
D) to focus treatment on the extreme anxiety over gaining weight using medical intervention.

Question 80

Recent research regarding the treatment of binge-eating disorder indicates that interpersonal therapy (IPT)is ________________ cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT).

A) not as effective as
B) more rapid but not as effective as
C) more effective than
D) equally effective as