Deck 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Question 1

Which event defines spermarche?

A) The production of sperm
B) The ejaculation of sperm
C) The original meiosis of sperm
D) The implantation of sperm into an egg

Answer 1

B

Question 2

From whom would you expect the biggest gains in height and weight over the next three years?

A) Ginger, who is 2 years old
B) Grant, who is 6 years old
C) Tina, who is 11 years old
D) Louise, who is 14 years old

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Menarche is to spermarche as

A) onset of menstruation is to ejaculation.
B) egg production is to sperm production.
C) ovulation is to testes growth.
D) fertilization is to conception.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which adolescent is experiencing a change in his primary sex characteristics?

A) Peter, who now has facial hair
B) Saul, who has begun to produce sperm
C) Andrew, who has begun to talk in a deeper voice
D) James, who now has broader shoulders

Question 5

The maturation of the _____ lobe during adolescence is related to improvements in inhibiting of behaviors.

A) parietal
B) frontal
C) temporal
D) occipital

Question 6

A sex difference during puberty involves the fact that ____ is greater for girls than boys.

A) muscle development
B) body fat
C) lung capacity
D) heart capacity

Question 7

Who is experiencing the first indicator of the onset of puberty in a typical female?

A) Mary, whose pubic hair has started to grow
B) Terri, who has just begun to menstruate
C) Geri, whose breasts have started to grow
D) Carrie, who has just begun to ovulate

Question 8

How many of the following are considered secondary sex characteristics: growth of facial hair in boys, development of a functional uterus in girls, voice change in boys, broadening of shoulders in girls?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 9

Menarche is best described as the onset of

A) puberty.
B) public hair.
C) menstruation.
D) body growth.

Question 10

During adolescence,

A) both brain myelination and synaptic pruning first begin.
B) brain myelination first begins and synaptic pruning nears completion.
C) brain myelination nears completion and synaptic pruning first begins.
D) both brain myelination and synaptic pruning near completion.

Question 11

____ is best defined as physical changes that mark the transition from childhood to young adulthood.

A) Puberty
B) Menopause
C) Primary circular reactions
D) Secondary circular reactions

Question 12

Which statement concerning the timing of puberty in males and females is true?

A) The onset of menarche in females typically occurs a few years prior to the typical onset of spermarche in males.
B) The onset of menarche in females typically occurs a few years after to the typical onset of spermarche in males.
C) The onset of menarche in females typically occurs around the same time as the onset of spermarche in males.
D) The onset of menarche in females typically occurs almost a decade after the typical onset of spermarche in males.

Question 13

Primary sex characteristic changes are those directly impacting

A) reproduction.
B) height.
C) intelligence.
D) personality.

Question 14

Which best describes the early menstrual cycles of a typical teenage female?

A) Regular and with ovulation
B) Regular and without ovulation
C) Irregular and with ovulation
D) Irregular and without ovulation

Question 15

The two general types of physical development associated with puberty include

A) lower self-esteem and bodily changes.
B) bodily changes and sexual maturation.
C) sexual maturation and formal operational thinking.
D) formal operational thinking and lower self-esteem.

Question 16

In a typically developing adolescent experiencing puberty, you would expect that his or her ____ would be the last body area to grow.

A) head
B) feet
C) legs
D) trunk

Question 17

Who is experiencing the first indicator of the onset of puberty in males?

A) Joe, whose testes have started to grow
B) Ben, whose pubic hair has started to grow
C) Hop-sing, who is experiencing a growth spurt
D) Adam, whose penis has started to grow

Question 18

Who would be most likely to have just achieved close to her full adult stature?

A) Meg, who is 12 years old
B) Beth, who is 15 years old
C) Joanne, who is 18 years old
D) Amy, who is 21 years old

Question 19

How many of the following adolescents are experiencing a change in primary sex characteristics: Larry, who has acquired the ability to ejaculate; Curly, who is producing sperm; Moe, who is experiencing growth of his scrotum?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 20

During puberty, changes in physical maturity that are not directly linked to reproduction are referred to as ____ sex characteristics.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) instrumental

Question 21

Roscoe is a 13-year-old who is currently experiencing puberty. During the past few months, his testes have released a small amount of estrogen. What is the most likely outcome of this hormonal activity?

A) Roscoe will begin to ovulate.
B) Roscoe will begin to have enlarged testicles.
C) Roscoe will begin to experience some breast development.
D) Roscoe will show no impact because testes are incapable of producing estrogen.

Question 22

A key physical component of puberty is the ____ gland, which regulates pubertal changes by signaling other glands to secrete hormones.

A) thyroid
B) adrenal
C) pituitary
D) pineal

Question 23

The negative effects associated with being an early-maturing female have been found to be offset by

A) hormone replacement therapy.
B) having supportive parents.
C) possessing a strong personal fable.
D) hanging around with older males.

Question 24

Early maturation has been shown to increase sexuality in

A) European-American and Latina females.
B) European-American and African American females.
C) Latina and African-American females.
D) European-American, Latina, and African-American females.

Question 25

If you were asked to describe the pattern of the average age of menarche onset in Europe between 1840 and today, you should say,

A) "The average age of onset has dropped about 4 years."
B) "The average age of onset has dropped about 2 years."
C) "The average age of onset has increased about 2 years."
D) "The average age of onset has increased about 4 years."

Question 26

Estrogen is to androgen as

A) sperm is to egg.
B) ovaries are to testes.
C) male is to female.
D) ejaculation is to menarche.

Question 27

Mariddie is a Western Apache teenager who has just experienced menarche. What reaction should she expect from those around her?

A) There will be an elaborate celebration in her honor.
B) She will be married within a week.
C) Her hair will be cut short, and she will be expected to go into the wilderness to kill a small animal (e.g., rabbit).
D) She will be ostracized from the tribe for one month.

Question 28

Which statement is true?

A) Estrogen is found only in females, and androgens are found only in males.
B) Estrogen is found only in males, and androgens are found only in females.
C) During puberty, estrogen and androgens are released at the same levels in adolescent males and females.
D) During puberty, estrogen and androgens are released at different levels in adolescent males and females.

Question 29

Dontee is a typical teenager. Research has indicated that the moodiness that he is exhibiting is most likely due to

A) raging hormone levels.
B) changes in social settings and activities.
C) negative verbal interactions with his parents.
D) concern over his changing body.

Question 30

Which best describes the "paternal investment theory" of puberty?

A) Moms have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved mom appears to delay its onset.
B) Moms have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved mom appears to accelerate its onset.
C) Dads have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved dad appears to delay its onset.
D) Dads have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved dad appears to accelerate its onset.

Question 31

Which of the following factors seems to be most involved in timing of menarche in many industrialized nations over the past 150 years?

A) Parenting skills
B) Nutrition
C) Education
D) Genetics

Question 32

Which statement best describes the connection between environmental stress and maturation in girls?

A) Puberty occurs earlier in girls who have experienced chronic stress.
B) Puberty occurs later in girls who have experienced chronic stress.
C) The onset of puberty in girls is determined genetically, thus stress has no effect on the timing of puberty.
D) The effects of stress on maturation in girls are unknown.

Question 33

Which of the following normally developing African teenage girls would be most likely to have just begun to experience menarche?

A) Dalmar, who is 11 years old
B) Abina, who is 13 years old
C) Kali, who is 15 years old
D) Imena, who is 17 years old

Question 34

Who is most likely to suffer the most negative psychological consequences as a result of the timing maturation?

A) Herman, an early-maturing male
B) Lilly, an early-maturing female
C) Marilyn, a late-maturing female
D) Eddie, a late-maturing male

Question 35

Concerning hemoglobin levels, during the teen years,

A) boys need more and girls need less.
B) girls need more and boys need less.
C) both boys and girls need more.
D) both boys and girls need less.

Question 36

Which best describes the typical response to body image during puberty?

A) Females worry more about appearance, but males are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
B) Males worry more about appearance, but females are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
C) Males worry more about appearance and are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
D) Females worry more about appearance and are more dissatisfied with their appearance.

Question 37

If asked to identify where the hormone that causes the maturation of the genitals in females comes from, you should say,

A) "the pituitary gland."
B) "the ovaries."
C) "the fallopian tube."
D) "the adrenal gland."

Question 38

A typical teenage girl should consume approximately ____ calories each day.

A) 1,200
B) 1,700
C) 2,200
D) 2,700

Question 39

Concerning puberty, what is the "off-time hypothesis?"

A) The idea that early maturation in males gives them a great advantage in sports
B) The idea that steroids and other supplements can accelerate the onset of puberty
C) The idea that late puberty in females gives some "off-time" that they can use to mature in nonphysical ways
D) The idea that it is better to experience physical change at the same time as most of your peers

Question 40

Estrogen is directly released by the

A) pituitary gland.
B) ovaries.
C) adrenal gland.
D) testes.

Question 41

Overweight teens are most at risk for developing ____ later in life.

A) Osteoporosis
B) sickle-cell disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) diabetes

Question 42

Ashley is an anorexic girl who has lost significant weight yet refuses to seek any treatment. This is a potentially life-threatening decision, as about ____ percent of adolescents in her situation die of symptoms related to the eating disorder.

A) 15
B) 25
C) 35
D) 45

Question 43

A 2006 Stice, Shaw, and Marci meta-analysis of obesity prevention programs for children and teens found that about _____ percent of these programs were effective.

A) 80
B) 60
C) 40
D) 20

Question 44

Which measure would be used to determine whether a child is overweight?

A) BMI
B) MMPI
C) WISC
D) WAIS

Question 45

Which would be the most effective way for a parent to discourage obesity in his or her children?

A) Teach them the importance of avoiding meat
B) Downplay the taste of food
C) Encourage them to lose weight quickly
D) Remind them to stop eating when they feel full

Question 46

As a typical U.S. teen, Amber is most likely consuming

A) too few calories and too little iron.
B) too many calories and too little iron.
C) too few calories and too much iron.
D) too many calories and too much iron.

Question 47

The speed at which the body consumes calories is referred to as

A) menarche.
B) diffusion status.
C) basal metabolic rate.
D) secular growth trends.

Question 48

Orson is 13 years old and classified as overweight. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

A) Orson is unpopular with his peers.
B) Orson has high self-esteem.
C) Orson has little risk for medical problems.
D) Orson has a faster-than-normal basal metabolic rate.

Question 49

How many of the following children would be classified as overweight: Alan, who is in the upper 20 percent for weight for his height; Erin, who is in the upper 10 percent for weight for her height; Tim, who is in the upper 5 percent for weight for his height; and/or Toni, who is in the upper 2 percent for weight for her height?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 50

Programs that effectively assist obese children in losing weight tend to

A) emphasize the need to follow external cues when deciding when to eat.
B) encourage children to become more sedentary.
C) totally eliminate meat from their diets.
D) have parents serve as good models for proper eating.

Question 51

Research has shown that

A) overprotective parenting is related to bulimia and anorexia.
B) childhood obesity is related to bulimia and anorexia.
C) overprotective parenting is related to bulimia but not anorexia.
D) childhood obesity is related to adolescent bulimia but not anorexia.

Question 52

Carrie exhibits anorexia nervosa. When she looks in a mirror, she is most likely thinking,

A) "I'm really starting to get thin!"
B) "I'm so fat!"
C) "I'm beautiful compared to those ugly women on television!"
D) "I'm going to have to start eating a little more!"

Question 53

If your basal metabolic rate were to dramatically accelerate, you would likely begin to

A) display secondary sex characteristics.
B) display primary sex characteristics.
C) lose weight.
D) gain weight.

Question 54

The fact that 250-pound Robyn's basal metabolic rate affects her weight supports the role of ____ in obesity.

A) learned helplessness
B) genes
C) television advertising
D) poor parenting

Question 55

Which is a defining characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A) Binge eating
B) Increased body mass index
C) Purging through vomiting
D) An irrational fear of being overweight

Question 56

Currently, in the United States, about one in ____ adolescents is overweight.

A) three
B) five
C) six
D) nine

Question 57

____ is one of the defining characteristics of anorexia nervosa.

A) The persistent refusal to eat
B) A cyclic binge-and-purge pattern
C) A rational fear of obesity
D) An inhibited basal metabolic rate

Question 58

The defining characteristic of bulimia nervosa involves

A) a binge-purge eating pattern.
B) weight loss.
C) a distorted body image.
D) an irrational fear of obesity.

Question 59

Concerning weight, the abbreviation BMI stands for

A) base metabolic indices.
B) body metabolic indices.
C) base mass index.
D) body mass index.

Question 60

Fifteen-year-old Kristi was adopted when she was an infant. Her adult weight is best predicted by the

A) weight of her adoptive parents.
B) average weight of individuals in her age-cohort group.
C) weight of her biological parents.
D) average weight of her adoptive siblings.

Question 61

How many of the following are risk factors for teenagers developing either bulimia or anorexia: history of being a picky eater, negative self-image, history of dieting, frequently watching television shows with overweight characters?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 62

Based on statistics, which of the following 16-year-old males is most likely to die in an incident involving a firearm?

A) Fred, who is European American
B) Ned, who is African American
C) Ed, who is Hispanic American
D) Ted, who is Asian American

Question 63

The illusion of invulnerability is best demonstrated by

A) postconventional thinking about sex.
B) unprotected sex by teens.
C) a girl's first menstrual cycle.
D) male masturbation.

Question 64

Which concept describes the development of processing speed between ages 8 and 18?

A) Time needed to respond decreases at a consistent rate.
B) Time needed to respond decreases for the first years and then levels off.
C) Time needed to respond is constant for the first years and then decreases significantly.
D) Time needed to respond increases at a consistent rate.

Question 65

Typical American teenagers tend to

A) underestimate the danger of most risky behaviors and overestimate the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.
B) overestimate the danger of most risky behaviors and underestimate the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.
C) underestimate the danger of most risky behaviors as well as the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.
D) overestimate the danger of most risky behaviors as well as the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.

Question 66

Which statement concerning cognitive development in adolescence is true?

A) Working memory and processing speed are more childlike than adultlike.
B) Working memory becomes adultlike, but processing speed remains childlike.
C) Processing speed becomes adultlike, but working memory remains childlike.
D) Working memory and processing speed are more adultlike than childlike.

Question 67

About one in ____ individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder is male.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20

Question 68

In the United States, the most popular participation sport for adolescent boys is ____ and the most popular participation sport for girls is ____.

A) football; basketball
B) basketball; basketball
C) baseball; track and field
D) football; track and field

Question 69

In order to enhance his baseball performance, Barry has been taking steroids. In recent months, he has begun to experience some medical problems. Which of the following of his problems would be least likely to be the result of steroid use?

A) Liver damage
B) Depression
C) Increased muscle mass
D) Obsessive-compulsive behavior

Question 70

One way to reduce the incidence of obesity in adolescence is to have teens engage in "regular activity." Which of the following defines such activity?

A) Exercise must last for at least 60 minutes, two times per week.
B) Exercise must occur at least five times a week.
C) Exercise must burn at least 250 calories.
D) Exercise must last for 30 minutes, three times per week.

Question 71

When Kann et al. (1995) asked ninth- and twelfth-graders about their exercise habits, they found that

A) exercise rates for both boys and girls declined between ninth and twelfth grade.
B) exercise rates for both boys and girls increased between ninth and twelfth grade.
C) exercise rates for boys increased between ninth and twelfth grade while the rates for girls decreased.
D) exercise rates for girls increased between ninth and twelfth grade while the rates for boys decreased.

Question 72

Anabolic steroids are most chemically similar to

A) cocaine.
B) estrogen.
C) testosterone.
D) Ritalin.

Question 73

Lindsey is hesitant about letting her teenage daughter Davenport participate in sports because she has heard that most youth who participate in sports end up injured. What is the most accurate assessment of Lindsey's thoughts?

A) She is absolutely right because about 70 percent of young athletes are injured and require medical attention.
B) She is kind of correct because about 40 percent of young athletes are injured and require medical attention.
C) She is fairly incorrect because about 15 percent of young athletes are injured and require medical attention.
D) She is totally wrong because only about 1 percent of young athletes are injured and require medical attention.

Question 74

The illusion of invulnerability is best defined by the phrase,

A) "dangerous but fun."
B) "slow and steady wins the race."
C) "once bitten, twice shy."
D) "nothing is worse the risk of dying."

Question 75

Based on statistics, which of the following 16-year-olds is most likely to die as the result of natural causes?

A) Kay, who is a European American female
B) Mae, who is an African American female
C) Jay, who is a European American male
D) Ray, who is an African American male

Question 76

Which best describes the neurological explanation for risk-taking behavior in teens?

A) Myelination of the temporal lobe results in poor decision-making
B) Due to neuretic pruning, the pleasure centers of the brain become "super-charged"
C) Estrogen and testosterone act like "cocaine" in the brain
D) The pleasure areas develop prior to the areas that control behavior

Question 77

In the United States, about ____ out of every 1,000 adolescents dies each year.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 25

Question 78

Which teenager is at the greatest risk for developing anorexia or bulimia?

A) Ivy, who has pica
B) Rose, who is intellectually gifted
C) Daisy, who never worried about dieting when she was young
D) Petunia, who has a grandmother with bipolar disorder

Question 79

If you were asked to develop an effective prevention program concerning eating disorders in teens, you should

A) utilize psychoactive medication.
B) avoid teaching about specific diets.
C) create a highly structured environment in which the teens have little personal input.
D) teach the importance of resisting the social pressure to be thin.

Question 80

Based on statistics, which of the following 16-year-old females is most likely to die in an incident involving an automobile accident?

A) Jill, who is European American
B) Jane, who is African American
C) Jessie, who is Hispanic American
D) Joan, who is Asian American