Deck 16: The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement

Question 1

After the loss of her husband, Dorothy starts moving on and thinking about whether she wants to date again. She even allows herself to consider whether she will ever remarry. In the dual process model of coping with bereavement, Dorothy is dealing with restoration-oriented stressors.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Palliative care focuses on extending life at any cost, including the use of experimental treatments.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the dual process model of coping with bereavement, loss-oriented stressors concern the loss itself, such as the grief work that needs to be done.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Passive euthanasia involves the deliberate ending of someone's life based on that person's wishes or a decision made by a person who has the legal authority to do so.

Question 5

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposed a seven-stage model of the grieving process.

Question 6

In 2001, the Netherlands became the first country to adopt an official policy legalizing physician-assisted suicide.

Question 7

In one theory of grieving, it has been hypothesized that extensive grief processing is actually more harmful than helpful in recovering from a loss.

Question 8

Today, the most widely accepted criteria of death in the U.S. are those that characterize whole-brain death.

Question 9

Bereavement concerns the ways in which we express our grief.

Question 10

When someone's partner dies, how that person felt about the relationship could play a role in coping with bereavement.

Question 11

Mourning rituals and states of bereavement are pretty much the same across all cultures.

Question 12

Surveys indicate that it is very rare for college students to experience the death of someone close to them.

Question 13

Coping is the aspect of grief that involves what people do to deal with a loss in terms of what helps them.

Question 14

In terms of a diagnosis, simple grief and complicated grief are differentiated only by the amount of time the grieving lasts.

Question 15

Thanatology is the study of death, bereavement, grief, and social attitudes toward these issues.​

Question 16

Preschoolers tend to believe that death is temporary and magical.

Question 17

Most people in developed countries encounter the death of their parents in early adulthood.

Question 18

If you never want to be put on a life-support machine in case of illness or injury, you would be well-advised to prepare a living will.

Question 19

Neuroimaging studies have found that there are no quantifiable differences in the human brain when we think about issues related to death as opposed to other worries.

Question 20

Grief is a passive process that one must simply wait to overcome.​

Question 21

In the definition of whole-brain death, which of the following would you NOT find?​

A) ​no eye movements, blinking, or pupil response.
B) no response to even very painful stimuli​
C) a flat electroencephalogram for at least 10 minutes​
D) no spontaneous respirations for at least 3 hours​

Question 22

Imagine you in the home of Orthodox Jews during mourning. Which of the following would you expect to see?

A) ​The elders would be leading a "celebration of life".
B) The adults would be toasting the deceased using hard liquor.​
C) All of the mirrors in the house would all be covered.​
D) The women would cut off locks of their hair on the left and right sides of their heads.​

Question 23

Which of the following pairs are the criteria for clinical death?​

A) ​lack of heartbeat and lack of respiration
B) lack of spontaneous response to stimuli and absence of brain activity​
C) lack of urinary output and lack of pupillary response​
D) absence of Babinski response and no hypothalamic activity​

Question 24

Dr. Shrieder is teaching a course where she emphasizes the study of the interface between human values and technological advances in health and life sciences. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for this class?​

A) ​The Psychology of Health
B) Defining Death Over Time and Place​
C) Introduction to Bioethics​
D) Thanatology 101: End of Life Issues​

Question 25

The practice of ending one's life for the purpose of mercy is called ________.​

A) ​homicide
B) ​fratricide
C) euthanasia​
D) suicide​

Question 26

Miranda was in a terrible automobile accident and suffered extensive head injuries. Currently she has no cortical activity in her brain, but her brainstem activity continues. Her heartbeat and respirations occur on their own, but she demonstrates no consciousness or awareness of her surroundings. Miranda would best be described as experiencing​

A) ​whole-brain death.
B) a persistent vegetative state.​
C) clinical death.​
D) natural death.​

Question 27

If you were having a conversation with people from the Melanesian culture, which of the following would you LEAST like to be referred to as?​

A) ​tao
B) ​mate
C) ​kon
D) ​pali

Question 28

Which of the following is the MOST important point to remember when examining the grieving rituals of different cultures?

A) ​The importance of religion in mourning rituals is universal to all cultural groups.
B) The experience of one culture may not generalize to other cultures or groups.​
C) Virtually all cultures experience death as a negative, unhappy event.​
D) Grieving rituals in different cultures tend to be very similar despite differing beliefs.​

Question 29

Edward and his wife Gretta have been married for 62years. Gretta was diagnosed with breast cancer when she was in her late 60s and was treated successfully. Recently, however, Gretta and Edward were told that the cancer had returned and had spread to her bones and brain.They have been told that medicine cannot offer them any hope of a cure and that comfort measures through hospice care are appropriate. Gretta cared for her mother in her mother's last weeks of life and has always been very clear that she did not to waste away, unaware of where she was or who was caring for her. Because of the rapidity with which her disease has progressed, she is no longer able to take action to end her own life. One morning, Edward goes to his wife, kisses her gently, and kills her by smothering her with a pillow. He then calls the police, tell them what he did, and waits for them to arrive. He states that he just couldn't let her suffer any longer. Which of the following best describes Edward's act?​

A) ​passive euthanasia
B) whole-brain death​
C) clinical death​
D) active euthanasia​

Question 30

In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia use the ____ standard to define death.​

A) ​vegetative state
B) utility​
C) whole-brain​
D) ​clinical

Question 31

Gordon has been in a terrible car accident, and currently he has no heartbeat nor is he breathing on his own. Based on this information he currently meets the criteria for ________.

A) ​thanatological death
B) sociocultural death​
C) whole-brain death​
D) clinical death​

Question 32

Individuals in persistent vegetativestates​

A) ​meet both the clinical and the whole-brain standards of death.
B) ​meet the clinical but not the whole-brain standard of death.
C) ​meet neither the clinical nor the whole-brain standards for death.
D) ​meet the clinical and whole-brain standards but recover with intensive treatment.

Question 33

Margaret's grandfather gave her medical power of attorney and had very clear discussions with her about what he did and, importantly, did not want to happen as he died. Unfortunately, he was critically injured in an accident and placed on life support before family, including Margaret, could be notified. As her grandfather told her to do, Margaret brings copies of the legal documents related to his wishes and discusses them with the doctor, who tells her that her grandfather has no hope of survival without the use of a ventilator and medications designed to maintain his blood pressure. Even if he is kept alive, he is unlikely to regain consciousness. Margaret says that she believes that her grandfather would not want to be kept alive under these circumstances and asks that he be removed from life support. The doctor complies with her request, and her grandfather dies within minutes. This would best be described as

A) ​active euthanasia
B) ​natural death
C) passive euthanasia​
D) homicide​

Question 34

Doreen has signed up for a graduate course in thanatology. What will be the focus of this class?​

A) ​the elements of death and dying and social attitudes toward these events
B) the elements of retirement that are related to post-career satisfaction​
C) ​the predictors of active, vital relationships, including sexual ones, in old age
D) the predictors of mid-life career satisfaction and mid-life career changes​

Question 35

In 2011, the European Association of Palliative Care established a task force focusing on the topic of euthanasia. Which of the following was the policy forwarded by that group?

A) ​The concept of passive euthanasia is a contradiction in terms because any form of euthanasia is, by definition, an active event.
B) Euthanasia, whether passive or active, should be embraced as an acceptable form of action under certain circumstances.​
C) ​Euthanasia is simply a form of murder, and its practice should be universally outlawed.
D) ​Active euthanasia should be embraced as a decision that can be made by an individual, while passive euthanasia should be banned because it is always chosen by someone other than the patient.

Question 36

Whichdiscipline refers to the study of death, dying, grief, bereavement, and social attitudes toward these attitudes?

A) ​erotology
B) ​thanatology
C) geropsychiatry​
D) ​orthopsychiatry

Question 37

In order for a person to be declared "whole-brain" dead, they must satisfy criteria including a lack of response to stimulation, lack of reflexes, and lack of spontaneous respiration when tested on two occasions, _____ apart.

A) ​60 minutes
B) 6 hours​
C) 12 hours​
D) ​24 hours

Question 38

Of the following, which would be the best example of passive euthanasia?

A) ​withholding life-prolonging surgery from a critically ill patient
B) delivering an injection of medication to stop a person's heart​
C) killing a sick and suffering relative with a gunshot to the head​
D) suffocating a terminally ill friend with a pillow​

Question 39

Of the following, which would be the BEST example of active euthanasia?​

A) ​disconnecting a patient's ventilator
B) opting not to perform CPR on a person in cardiac arrest​
C) administering a shot of a medication designed to stop someone's heart​
D) withholding food from a patient in a persistent vegetative state​

Question 40

Today, the most widely accepted definition of death in in the U.S. is ____ death.​

A) ​vegetative
B) whole-brain​
C) hypovolemic​
D) ​clinical

Question 41

Research has found aneurological basisfor our fear of death. In a study of men,all​EXCEPTwhich of the following brain areas showed greater activity when they were asked questions about death and dying than when they were asked about pain from and fear of dental procedures?

A) ​the left dorsal hypothalamic cortex
B) ​the right amygdala
C) ​the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex
D) ​the right caudate nucleus

Question 42

According to your textbook, residents of Eastern European and Islamic countries do not view active euthanasia as favorably as Western Europeans because

A) ​they are more democratic in their politics in those countries.
B) ​they have a more sophisticated understanding of bioethics in those countries.
C) ​there are more stringent laws against active euthanasia in those countries.
D) ​they are more influenced by religious beliefs that argue against such practices.

Question 43

What has research found about the five stages of dying proposed by Elizabeth Kübler-Ross?​

A) ​Only two of the five stages were found to have any true validity.
B) ​The five stages do, in fact, occur in a set sequence across every culture studied.
C) ​The stages all exist, but occur in one set sequence for women and a different set sequence for men.
D) ​The stages should not be viewed as necessarily occurring in a specific sequence.

Question 44

Experiences with physician-assisted suicide in Oregon indicates that​

A) ​patients are comforted by having the option
B) ​less than 1 in 10 people who get the medication actually use it
C) ​it is impossible to adequately screen patients requesting the medication
D) ​after an initial spurt of interest, there have only been a handful of requests

Question 45

Your text argues that the greater acceptance of death among elderly individuals occurs because they are​

A) ​the least likely to feel that they have anything left to live for.
B) ​most likely to have dealt with death, in friends and family members.
C) ​most likely to have achieved integrity.
D) ​the most likely to have a life-ending illness.

Question 46

Which of the following events is MOST LIKELY to inspire a person to consider their own mortality?​

A) ​the death of their own parents
B) ​the birth of their first child
C) ​being diagnosed with a terminal illness
D) ​reaching 40 years of age

Question 47

Klaus is a physician who practices in the Netherlands. He has recently assisted a patient in committing suicide. According to a 1984 Dutch Supreme Court ruling, Klaus will not be prosecuted for this action if several different criteria are met. Which of the following is NOT one of those conditions?​

A) ​There was no relief available for this patient.
B) ​The patient was competent to make this decision.
C) ​The patient experienced at least moderate pain.
D) ​The patient made the request repeatedly over time.

Question 48

A Harris poll released in 2011 revealed that 70% of adults questioned favor the idea that people have a right to choose to end their lives in certain instances. Which of the following was NOT one of the criteria used for that finding?

A) ​The person in question was terminally ill.
B) ​The person in question had no family or friends to support them.
C) ​The person in question was in tremendous pain.
D) ​The person in question had no chance of recovering.

Question 49

In developed countries, people typically have to confront the issue of their own parents' death during ________.​

A) ​late adolescence
B) ​early adulthood
C) ​midlife
D) ​late adulthood

Question 50

The metaphor of a(n) ____ is often used to describe the duration of time between being given a fatal diagnosis and death itself.​

A) ​end-of-life scenario
B) ​death trajectory
C) ​hospice
D) ​final scenario

Question 51

By proposing a five-stage model of the way people approach dying, ________ changed our understanding of how people consider their own deaths.​

A) Anna Freud​
B) ​Elizabeth Kübler-Ross
C) ​Janet Belsky
D) ​Susan Eastgard

Question 52

According to one theory, people face their own death by going through five different stages. Which of the following is the correct order of those stages?​

A) ​denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
B) ​anger, denial, depression, bargaining, acceptance
C) ​bargaining, anger, depression, denial, acceptance
D) ​depression, anger, bargaining, denial, acceptance

Question 53

Frederick learns that he has a progressive muscular disease that is going to end his life within the next two years. The way he copes with his pending death changes drastically when he has to move from his home to a nursing care facility. The ________ theory of dying reminds us that such socio-environmental changes must be considered as we think about the way a person copes with their own death.​

A) sociological​
B) ​structural
C) ​interpersonal
D) ​contextual

Question 54

Which U.S. state passed the first law legalizing physician-assisted suicide?​

A) ​California
B) ​Idaho
C) ​Washington
D) ​Oregon

Question 55

Death anxiety​

A) ​is best described as the fear of the death of loved ones.
B) ​may be dealt with by living life to its fullest.
C) ​is neurophysiologicaly identical to other forms of fear.
D) ​occurs only among those who have failed important life roles.

Question 56

Physician-________ suicide occurs when a medical doctor provides a patient with a fatal dose of medication that the patient administers to him- or herself.​

A) ​directed
B) ​assisted
C) ​augmented
D) ​initiated

Question 57

After being diagnosed with an aggressive terminal brain cancer that left her faced with the option of devastating cognitive and personality changes as well asmorphine-resistant pain, ________ stimulated discussion ofphysician-assisted suicidein 2014 by going public with her decision to end her own life.​

A) ​C. Everett Koop
B) ​Brittany Maynard
C) ​Jack Kevorkian
D) ​Christopher Reeve

Question 58

Bodily needs, psychological security, interpersonal attachments, and spiritual energy and hope are the four components of the ________ theory of dying.​

A) ​contextual
B) ​structural
C) ​interpersonal
D) ​cultural

Question 59

According to terror management theory, what is the primary motive of human beings?​

A) ​to achieve a sense of spiritual harmony
B) ​to make a difference
C) ​to continue our lives
D) ​to dominate others in our society and become an "alpha"

Question 60

________ management theory address the issue of why people engage in certain behaviors to achieve particular psychological states based on their deeply rooted concerns about mortality.​

A) ​Finite
B) ​Terror
C) ​Death
D) ​Terminality

Question 61

One of the most important, yet difficult, parts of creating a final scenario is​

A) ​deciding what should be specified in a living will.
B) ​determining what will happen to assets after death.
C) ​the process of separation from family and friends.
D) ​deciding about burial, cremation or some other disposal.

Question 62

Jessica, a 78-year-old never married woman is making end-of-life decisions for herself. It is particularly important that she _____.​

A) ​be legally competent to make her own end-of-life decisions
B) ​be close enough to death that the decisions are meaningful
C) ​have at least two family members sign off on her decisions
D) ​find a lawyer who will fight her family should they disagree

Question 63

The Patient Self-Determination Act (1990) requires most health care facilities to provide information to patients in writing that they have several rights. Which of the following is included in these rights?​

A) ​to create a durable power of attorney for health care
B) ​to accept or refuse medical treatment
C) ​to have their physician create an advance directive
D) ​to assign conservatorship

Question 64

"I want to be out in nature - feel the wind and the rain as I take my last breaths and then be buried in the woods to become a part of the next generation trees." This statement reflects a​

A) ​planning of end-of-life.
B) ​final scenario.
C) ​living will.
D) ​life review.

Question 65

Before he dies, Juan is checking his insurance, rewriting his will, and making arrangements for his funeral. Juan is dealing with​

A) ​end-of-life issues.
B) ​bereavement.
C) ​thanatology.
D) ​grief work.

Question 66

Who makes the decision as top whether an individual is competent to make his or her own end-of-life decisions?​

A) ​the physician
B) ​family members
C) ​the court
D) ​a mediator

Question 67

Anita has recently learned that she suffers from a progressive neurological disease that will, in time, rob her of her ability to make decisions for herself. She and her husband go to an attorney, and ask for a document that assigns the husband as the person who will act as her agent for medical decisions when she is no longer able to do so for herself. The document they are requesting is called a ____.​

A) ​living will
B) ​Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order
C) ​health care power of attorney
D) ​state enforced active euthanasia contract

Question 68

Two paramedics arrive at a home where a middle-aged man has had a seizure from which he has not regained consciousness. As they are evaluating him, his heart begins to beat very erratically and stops but before they can take further action, his wife hands them a document signed by her husband and his physician that causes them to cease their efforts to restart his heart. Which document did the wife most likely produce?​

A) a durable power of attorney for health care​
B) ​a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order
C) ​a recent competency evaluation
D) ​a warrant of ongoing conservatorship

Question 69

________ issues involve topics pertaining to the management of the final phase of life, after-death disposition of the body and memorial services, and distribution of assets.​

A) ​Mortological
B) ​Thanatological
C) ​End-of-life
D) ​Morticolegal

Question 70

________ care focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms at any point during the disease process.​

A) ​Osteopathic
B) ​Rehabilitation
C) ​Hospice
D) ​Palliative

Question 71

At what point would a physician MOST LIKELY suggest hospice care?​

A) ​When nothing else can be done to save the patient
B) ​When the patient's insurance has declined to pay for future treatment
C) ​When the physician no longer wants to treat the patient
D) ​When another physician would be better suited for the patient's care

Question 72

A "Do Not Resuscitate" order pertains to efforts to restore functioning of the​

A) ​kidneys
B) ​spinal cord
C) ​liver
D) ​heart

Question 73

Having hospice services available to people at home is a viable option for many more people. Who are the primary providers for such services?​

A) ​specially trained professionals
B) ​family and friends
C) ​volunteers with minimal training
D) ​only licensed physicians

Question 74

As Laurie's health was deteriorating, she knew that she had very little time left to live. Her husband asked her if she wanted to go back to the hospital.She smiled and said, "If I have to die,I want to be here at home with you." Laurie and her husband are discussing her​

A) ​final scenario.
B) ​end-of-life issues.
C) ​desire for euthanasia.
D) ​durable power of attorney for health care.

Question 75

What do a living will and a durable power of attorney for health care share in common?​

A) ​They are both ways in which end-of-life decisions can be made known.
B) ​They both designate the person's parent(s) as their ad-libitum decision-maker.
C) ​They are both recognized by the state but not by federal bodies.
D) ​They can both be over-ridden by a "2PO," or a "two-physician order."

Question 76

When family members or other surrogates must make decisions about end-of-life care for someone else, they are​

A) ​mostly in agreement with patients' desires.
B) ​unwilling to talk about patients' end-of-life issues.
C) ​typically not competent to make such decisions.
D) ​often wrong about what patients really want.

Question 77

Which of the following individuals has opted for hospice care?​

A) ​Janet, whose treatment plan focuses on making her comfortable, managing her pain, and letting her die with dignity
B) ​Willetta, who is refusing all medical care or intervention for her illness, including pain management and comfort care
C) ​Kathleen, who is staying in a hospital so her doctors can use experimental treatments to cure her disease
D) ​Blake, who is seeking the assistance of alternative medicine to treat his illness

Question 78

The hospice philosophy is best summarized as​

A) ​"prevent death at all costs."
B) ​"promote death with dignity."
C) ​"die a drug-free death."
D) ​"everyone should die at home."

Question 79

Harold has decided that he does not want to have his life prolonged by life-support machines should he ever become so injured or ill that he needs them. He decides to create a document where his wishes about life support and other treatments will be clearly stated. Harold is going to write a what is best described as a ____.​

A) living will​
B) ​fiscal proxy
C) ​Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order
D) ​writ of habeas corpus

Question 80

How does hospice differ from traditional medical care?​

A) ​Hospicecannot be coveredby insurance because the person will die.
B) ​Hospice does not utilize drugs for the treatment of pain.
C) ​Hospice provides experimental treatments that offer limited hope.
D) ​Hospice emphasizes a comfortable and dignified death, not cure.