Deck 11: Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood.

Question 1

A covenant marriage is one where there will be very few acceptable grounds for divorce.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Couples who live together before they get married (that is, those who cohabitate) have a significantly lower divorce rate than those who chose not to do so.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Research has found that sharing religious beliefs and spirituality with one's spouse is actually a good way to sabotage a marriage; such issues are better kept private and personal.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Levinger (1980; 1983) identified five stages of friendship: acquaintanceship, buildup, continuation, deterioration, and ending.

Question 5

Ideally, a true love relationship will have equivalent amounts of passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Question 6

It is estimated that 70% of women and 80% of men between the ages of 20 and 24 in the United States of America are unmarried, and increasing numbers are deciding to stay that way.

Question 7

For the most part, the relationships of gay and lesbian couples are markedly different than the relationships of heterosexual couples.

Question 8

The concept of familism is uniquely valued by Latino families but no other cultures.

Question 9

Research has found that people who select a partner for a more permanent relationship during the height of infatuation are less likely to divorce.

Question 10

Cross-sex friendships, though potentially problematic when jealousy becomes an issue, have been found to help women lower their levels of dating anxiety and develop a higher capacity for intimacy.

Question 11

An important element of foster parenting is the concern over the level of bonding that will take place between a child and the foster parents.​

Question 12

In the U.S. today, the odds of a couple who got married between the ages of 20 and 24 getting divorced are around 60%.

Question 13

The teen birth rate in the United States of American experienced a slow and steady increase between the 1990s and 2005, but since then that rate has been decreasing.

Question 14

For middle-aged women, divorce represents an especially difficult financial hardship.

Question 15

Couples who are happiest in the early stages of their marriage tend to focus on the good aspects of the marriage instead of nitpicking and nagging each other.

Question 16

Children who are raised by gay or lesbian parents are no more likely to experience problems or have psychological difficulties than those raised by heterosexual parents.

Question 17

Research finds that people who remarry within one year after a divorce-so-called "rebound marriages"-are much more likely to go through a second divorce, in most cases within three years.​

Question 18

The most common family form around the world is the extended family.

Question 19

In some cultures, women may be killed by their brothers or other male relatives killing the victim because the relatives believe she has violated the family's honor.

Question 20

An abusive relationship is defined as one where one person becomes aggressive toward their partner.

Question 21

Debbie and Jamie have been friends for many years. They know each other well, and even though they both have families and children they make it a point to get together, even just for coffee, at least once or twice a month. According to the developmental model of friendship discussed in your chapter, they are probably in the ____ stage of their friendship.​

A) ​maintenance
B) ​continuation
C) ​long-term
D) ​deterioration

Question 22

Eli and Hadassah have a relationship where they both experience an intense physiological desire for each other. According to Sternberg (2006), their relationship is high in​

A) ​intimacy.
B) ​commitment.
C) ​passion.
D) ​infatuation.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to sibling relationships?​

A) Sibling relationships do not typically move beyond the acquaintanceship stage.​
B) ​Sibling relationships typically last longer than other friendships.
C) ​People with siblings tend to have less friends.
D) ​Non-sibling friendships have closer bonds than sibling relationships.

Question 24

Which of the following individuals is MOST LIKELY to have a positive attitude toward people with different backgrounds than themselves?​

A) ​Rich, who is African American and who has been raised in a community that is primarily occupied by other African Americans
B) ​Jay, who is Native American and who has been encouraged by his elders to associate only with other Native American individuals
C) ​Smith, who is Caucasian and who, despite having taken classes in multiculturalism, really has very few friends who are not also Caucasian
D) ​Connor, who is Asian American and has friends who are Caucasian, Latino American, and African American

Question 25

The final stage of friendship, according to the developmental model presented in your chapter, is​

A) ​ending.
B) ​solidification.
C) ​crystallization.
D) ​tempering.

Question 26

Researchers define friendship ____ as the satisfaction that is derived from a relationship in which those involved influence one another's behaviors and beliefs.

A) satisfactoriness​
B) ​interchange
C) ​intimacy
D) ​quality

Question 27

Which of the following individuals is the MOST LIKELY to have the most friends, both online and in real life?​

A) ​Louanne, who does not own a computer and never uses the Internet
B) ​Victoria, who owns a computer and goes on the Internet once or twice a week
C) ​Ussain, who owns a computer and goes on the Internet for 5 to 10 minutes once or twice a day
D) ​Carlynne who owns a computer as well as an internet-capable smartphone, and who spends at least two or three hours a day on the Internet.

Question 28

​A relative strength of online friendships involves the ability of the user to

A) ​control the level of intimacy in the relationship.
B) ​know exactly who they are dealing with.
C) ​ensure compatibility.
D) ​meet in a less anonymous manner than in face-to-face friendships.

Question 29

Barry is talking with his wife Cheryl about his parents. "You know, I think it is great that Mom and Dad are getting more familiar with the Internet, but it is strange that they are both spending time on Facebook every day. I'm worried that their real friendships are going to suffer as they spend more time on a social networking website." Cheryl, having read your textbook, would probably respond by saying​

A) ​"That is a common concern, but don't worry. Research hasn't found support for this fear."
B) ​"The research has found that Facebook and other such sites are actually more damaging to friendships of those between 25 and 45 years of age than to older adults."
C) ​"This is a really good point, as the research has found that online friendships are really damaging to real-life friendships."
D) ​"I really think you should talk to your parents about this, because research has found that while younger people don't have any problems, older folks who use social networking sites tend to become isolated and separated from their real friends."

Question 30

Steve and Aisha have a relationship where they both want to share their thoughts and actions with each other. According to Sternberg (2006), their relationship is high in​

A) ​intimacy.
B) ​commitment.
C) ​passion.
D) ​infatuation.

Question 31

Ryan has several good friendships with people to whom he feels very close. Two of those relationships have lasted for several years, ever since childhood, and he regularly spends time with these important people in his life. As a result of these good friendships, Ryan is most likely to​

A) be more involved in his church.​
B) ​have good physical health.
C) ​have a successful career.
D) ​have higher self-esteem.

Question 32

Researchers have reported that having cross-sex friendships may provide the benefits of reducing dating anxiety and enhancing one's capacity for intimacy. These findings hold true for​

A) ​heterosexual but not gay or lesbian individuals.
B) ​gay and lesbian but not heterosexual individuals.
C) ​women but not men.
D) ​men but not women.

Question 33

Research has found that the likelihood of divorce is highest for couples who make the decision to get married when they are at the height of​

A) ​commitment.
B) ​infatuation.
C) ​intimacy.
D) ​cohabitation.

Question 34

As a relationship persists over time, ____ will typically decrease while ____ will typically increase.​

A) ​commitment; passion
B) ​passion; intimacy
C) ​intimacy; sexuality
D) ​intimacy; passion

Question 35

From a developmental perspective, friendships have several stages. Which of the following most accurately summarizes those five stages?​

A) ​BUDDY
B) ​ABCDE
C) ​NEATO
D) ​BLUES

Question 36

Which statement BEST reflects the principle of assortative mating?

A) ​Opposites attract
B) ​Love the one you're with
C) ​Birds of a feather flock together
D) ​You can't teach an old dog new tricks

Question 37

While women tend to have friendships based on ____, men more often based their friendships on ____.​

A) shared activities or interests; intimate and emotional sharing​
B) ​sexual interests; social interests
C) ​intimate and emotional sharing; shared activities or interests
D) ​social interests; sexual interests

Question 38

The first stage of friendship is to the last stage of friendship, as ____ is to ____.​

A) ​crystallization; separation
B) ​buildup; exposition
C) ​acquaintanceship; ending
D) ​meeting; parting

Question 39

Sternberg (2006) has proposed that love relationships have three basic components. They include all but which of the following?​

A) ​intimacy
B) ​commitment
C) ​passion
D) ​sexuality

Question 40

Friendship relationships differ from love relationships in that they are​

A) less emotionally intense and involve less sexual energy and contact.​
B) ​less emotionally intense and involve more sexual energy and contact.
C) ​more emotionally intense and involve less sexual energy and contact.
D) ​more emotionally intense and involve more sexual energy and contact.

Question 41

Victor and his girlfriend Tosha are thinking about moving in together to "test the waters" of their relationship before getting married. "I think it will be good for us," Victor says, "so we can find out if we are good together before spending the time, effort, and money of getting married." What would be the best response to give Victor?

A) ​Be careful if you're thinking of having children someday, because couples who cohabit are much less likely to end up having children someday.
B) ​This is precisely why most people choose to live together before marriage, and it has been found to make for better relationships in the long run.
C) ​Studies suggest that cohabiting before getting married is not necessarily associated with the quality of the subsequent marriage.
D) ​There are major differences in married couples who cohabitated before getting married and those who did not, so make sure to examine all of the research before moving in together.

Question 42

____ is becoming an increasingly popular lifestyle choice in the United States and in many other countries.​

A) ​Serial bachelorhood or bachelorettehood
B) ​"Open marriage"
C) ​Cohabitation
D) ​Married couples having separate bedrooms

Question 43

In a population of college students, ____ percent of them reported experiencing abuse in a dating relationship at some point.

A) ​20
B) ​30
C) ​40
D) ​50

Question 44

Pauline has a negative mental model of herself and a positive mental model of her husband, James. According to the research conducted by Schmidt and colleagues (2004), Pauline would be described as having a ____ romantic attachment with James.​

A) secure​
B) ​dismissing
C) ​fearful
D) ​preoccupied

Question 45

In which of the following circumstances would you be LEAST LIKELY to see assortative mating taking place?​

A) ​in a college extra-curricular club
B) ​in a speed-dating event
C) ​in a common-interest internet chat room
D) ​at a church or temple

Question 46

For most adults, the decision to remain single is​

A) ​something that they have felt strongly about since childhood.
B) ​a kneejerk reaction to heartbreak.
C) ​a gradual one that develops over time.
D) ​a result of being unable to find a suitable marriage partner.

Question 47

Research conducted by Schmidt at colleagues (2004) found that approximately 80% of the cultural groups studied demonstrated ____ romantic attachments​

A) ​preoccupied
B) ​arranged
C) ​dismissive
D) secure​

Question 48

Approximately three fourths of both men and women expressed some level of regret after​

A) ​on-line dating.
B) ​being involved in "preoccupied" romantic attachments.
C) ​having hookup sex.
D) ​using a matchmaker.

Question 49

Mary decides to go to a speed dating event, because she has not been meeting many women in whom she has a romantic interest lately. If the people at this event are similar to those at most speed dating parties, Mary will be most interested in women who have all but which of the following qualities?​

A) women who are very self-focused​
B) ​physically attractive women
C) ​women who are outgoing
D) ​women who are very self-assured

Question 50

O'Leary (1993) presents a continuum of aggressive behavior in abusive relationships anchored by ____ on one end and ____ on the other end.​

A) ​verbal aggression; murder
B) ​severe aggression; murder
C) ​physical aggression; verbal aggression
D) ​physical aggression; murder

Question 51

Nearly twice as many ____ as European American remain single during young adulthood, and more are choosing to remain so.​

A) ​Asian Americans
B) ​African Americans
C) ​Native Americans
D) ​Latin Americans

Question 52

In Sweden, research data suggest that ____ percent of married couples opted to live together prior to marriage.​

A) ​25
B) ​50
C) ​75
D) ​99

Question 53

Ole and Lena are a cohabitating couple in Norway, while Jack and Diane are a cohabitating couple in the United States. Cross-cultural research would predict that​

A) ​Jack and Diane will be unlikely to ever marry.
B) ​Ole and Lena will believe that they are living in sin.
C) ​Ole and Lena will only marry if they have children.
D) ​Jack and Diane will be at significantly less risk for divorce should they marry.

Question 54

Estimates suggest that approximately 80% of men and 70% of women between the ages of 20 and 24 are

A) married.​
B) ​cohabitating.
C) ​single.
D) ​engaged to be married.

Question 55

Research conducted by DePaulo (2006) found that people associate the qualities "caring," "kind," and "giving" with married people approximately 50% of the time, while the same descriptors were associated with single people only about ____% of the time.

A) ​2
B) ​5
C) ​10
D) ​27

Question 56

Fatimah is a Muslim woman who lives in Malaysia. She is in her early twenties, and has not yet married. This has led to her losing status in her community. Which of the following is Fatimah likely to cite as a reason for her status as a single woman?​

A) ​jodoh
B) ​nervios
C) ​koro
D) ​namaste

Question 57

The rates of abuse against women tend to be higher in cultures where all but which of the following are emphasized?​

A) ​female purity
B) ​male status
C) ​family honor
D) ​independence

Question 58

____ woman syndrome is a situation that occurs when a woman believes that she cannot leave an abusive situation and may even go so far as to kill her abuser.​

A) ​Battered
B) ​Abused
C) ​Victimized
D) ​Accosted

Question 59

Researchers have found that the most forms of homogamy are found when people meet and interact with each other.​

A) ​at parties.
B) ​at singles events or mixers.
C) ​in nightclubs.
D) ​at school.

Question 60

Omar and his partner have been together for over three years now, and are considering getting married. If you were told that they initially met on the internet, the odds would be greatest that they are from​

A) ​Spain.
B) ​the United States of America.
C) ​the United Kingdom.
D) ​Australia.

Question 61

Your textbook notes that the median age of marriage has increased by several years in the last four decades. Which of the following is a benefit of this delayed entry into marriage?

A) ​Getting married later reduces the likelihood of marital infidelity occurring.
B) ​Getting married later reduces the chance of a couple losing their home to foreclosure.
C) ​Getting married later seems to reduce the likelihood of unwanted children.
D) ​Getting married later seems to decrease the likelihood of divorce.

Question 62

How many of the following individuals would likely have the tendency to separate love and sex from each other? (a) Richard, who is gay; (b) Dominic, who is heterosexual; (c) Marlene, who is heterosexual; and (d) Bertina, who is a lesbian.​

A) ​one
B) ​two
C) ​three
D) ​four

Question 63

Larry and Isabelle have been married for just a couple of months, and have not yet had their first major argument. If their marriage is like most, the first major marital stress will center around​

A) ​the decision to or not to have children.
B) ​financial issues.
C) ​who is responsible for chores like dishes, gardening, and taking out the garbage.
D) ​infidelity.

Question 64

When they first got married, Marge and Irwin each had some individual behaviors that irritated the other. For example, Irwin would constantly leave his dirty socks on the bedroom floor, and this bothered Marge. Marge, on the other hand, always forgot to lock the front door when she came in the house. This drove Irwin up a tree! Twenty years later, however, Marge locks the door, and Irwin picks up his socks. This sort of change to accommodate a partner is called marital ____.​

A) ​adjustment
B) ​satisfaction
C) ​quality
D) ​success

Question 65

Although they generally get along well and love each other very much, Jeanie and Randall decide to seek marital counseling to strengthen their relationship. Their therapist begins by asking them both questions about things like work, finances, their children, their communication, their sex life, and other dimensions of their relationship. This therapist is assessing Jeanie and Randall's marital ____.​

A) ​success
B) ​quality
C) ​adjustment
D) ​satisfaction

Question 66

In contrast to heterosexual cohabiting or married couples, gay and lesbian couples report that they frequently do not have ____.​

A) ​inheritance rights
B) ​hospital visitation rights
C) ​family support
D) ​child custody rights

Question 67

One important predictor of successful marriage is ____, or the similarity of values and interests a couple shares.​

A) ​quality
B) ​satisfaction
C) ​cohesion
D) ​homogamy

Question 68

Alicia and Jordan have an arrangement in their marriage that seems to work for them. Alicia is the "breadwinner," working full-time and earning an adequate salary to support the couple and their two children. Jordan is a stay-at-home father who is primarily responsible for taking care of the children and the home during the daytime. Each partner feels that the other contributes equally to their marriage, even though they contribute differently. According to ____ theory, their marriage is likely to be satisfying and happy.​

A) ​reciprocity
B) ​traditionality
C) ​balance
D) ​exchange

Question 69

Marital ____ is an umbrella term that refers to any marital outcome.​

A) ​success
B) ​satisfaction
C) ​quality
D) ​adjustment

Question 70

Stephanie and Marlon got married yesterday, and their wedding was a festive party. A good time was had by all! If their marriage follows the typical path of most marriages, Stephanie and Marlon will experience the least marital satisfaction​

A) ​after they both retire from their careers.
B) ​when their children finally begin leaving home.
C) ​within the first three months after the wedding, when "the honeymoon" ends.
D) ​after they have children.

Question 71

Heather is only moderately happy with her marriage. Because of that, she is thinking about having a baby to make her marriage more satisfying. Is this a good idea?​

A) ​Yes, because marital satisfaction increases with the birth of a baby.
B) ​Maybe, because when both parents want a baby, marital satisfaction increases after the birth of the baby.
C) ​No, as having a child typically decreases marital satisfaction.
D) ​It is uncertain, as there is no specific relationship between marital satisfaction and the birth of a child.

Question 72

When all is said and done, the most important thing to predicting the long-term success of a marriage is ____.​

A) ​communication
B) ​religion
C) ​sex
D) ​having children

Question 73

How has the median age of first marriage in the United States changed from 1970 to 2009?​

A) ​It has dropped by about four years.
B) ​It has remained constant.
C) ​It has risen by about five years.
D) ​It has risen by about eight years.

Question 74

Which of the following couples will have the lowest chance of having a marriage that lasts?​

A) ​Denise and Dennis, who were both in their twenties when they got married.
B) ​Joe and Josephine, who were both in their teens when they got married.
C) ​Christine and Christopher, who were both in their thirties when they got married.
D) ​Darryl, who was 42, and Darlene, who was 33 when they got married.

Question 75

Of the following couples, which would you say would be the quickest to make a commitment and opt to cohabit the fastest?​

A) Mark and John, a gay couple​
B) ​Linda and Elizabeth, a lesbian couple
C) ​John and Tessa, a heterosexual couple
D) ​Research has found that, despite popular belief, sexual orientation is unrelated to the speed at which couples "fall for" each other and choose to move in together.

Question 76

The vulnerability-stress-____ model sees marital quality as a dynamic process resulting from the couple's ability to handle stressful events in the context of their particular vulnerabilities and resources.​

A) ​rebound
B) ​adaptation
C) ​adjustment
D) ​diathesis

Question 77

According to ____ theory, marriages are most likely to be successful when each partner contributes something to the relationship that would be difficult for the other partner to provide.​

A) ​exchange
B) ​reciprocity
C) ​input
D) ​juxtaposition

Question 78

The most common form of family in Western societies is the ____ family, which consists only of parents and children.​

A) ​associative
B) ​extended
C) ​nuclear
D) ​blended

Question 79

When a marriage is interrupted by military deployment, both partners will be affected by the changes in circumstances. Which of the following is an accurate statement about such cases?

A) If a marriage is interrupted by military deployment, the couples' beliefs about their ability to survive such a separation is unrelated to the likelihood of the marriage lasting.​
B) ​Research finds that only about 10% of "military marriages" survive when a deployment lasts for more than 12 months.
C) ​Research finds that wives who have to leave due to military deployment experience higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder when they return than do husbands.
D) ​Divorce rates for women service members who are deployed are higher than for their male counterparts.

Question 80

Successful couples find a way to ____ in their relationship, and this is a very important determinant of marital satisfaction over longer periods of time.​

A) tolerate each other's family members​
B) ​keep separate interests active
C) ​avoid arguments
D) ​keep the romance alive