Deck 13: European State -Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Question 1

The Militia Ordinance gave the English Parliament the power to ________.

A) raise its own army
B) raise or lower taxes
C) dissolve the monarchy
D) house soldiers in the homes of citizens

Answer 1

raise its own army

Question 2

Which of the following originated in resistance to the military aggression of Louis XIV?

A) Treaty of Nijmwegen
B) Peace of Ryswick
C) League of Augsburg
D) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Answer 2

League of Augsburg

Question 3

After Cromwell's death, the English were soon ready to restore ________.

A) the monarchy and the Anglican Church
B) the Presbyterian Church and diplomatic relations with Spain
C) the monarchy and diplomatic relations with Spain
D) diplomatic relations with Spain and Parliament

Answer 3

the monarchy and the Anglican Church

Question 4

Under the Peace of Nystad in 1721, Russia gained control of________.

A) Estonia, Livonia, and part of Finland
B) Livonia, Latvia, and Finland
C) Estonia, Latvia, and part of Finland
D) Livonia, Sweden, and part of Finland

Question 5

Who was known as the Great Elector?

A) Frederick William
B) John III Sobieski
C) Michael Romanov
D) Theodore II

Question 6

Under the Treaty of Dover, Charles II allied with the ________ against the _______.

A) French; Spanish
B) German Empire; Dutch
C) French; Dutch
D) English; French

Question 7

Who were the supporters of Charles I and Parliament in England's 1642-1646 civil war?

A) the Roundheads and the Cavaliers, respectively
B) the Cavaliers and the Roundheads, respectively
C) the Puritans and Anglicans, respectively
D) the Reds and the Whites, respectively

Question 8

What model of government was able to foster a strong monarchy with a secure financial base that was not dependent on noble estates, diets, or assemblies?

A) political absolutism embodied in France
B) political absolutism embodied in England
C) parliamentary monarchy embodied in the Netherlands
D) parliamentary monarchy embodied in England

Question 9

After the economy declined and shipbuilding was taken over by England, the Dutch remained strong in ________.

A) naval supremacy
B) political prowess
C) fishing industries
D) financial institutions

Question 10

King Louis XIV made life difficult for ________.

A) royal officials
B) Huguenots
C) military leaders
D) Catholics

Question 11

Which of the following kings issued the first Declaration of Indulgence in 1672?

A) Charles I
B) Charles II
C) James I
D) George I

Question 12

According to advocates of the "divine right of kings," kings could be judged only by ________.

A) God
B) the nobility
C) the people
D) fellow kings

Question 13

Which these were the major components of the Habsburg lands in the 1700s?

A) Bohemia, Austria, Hungary
B) Hungary, Poland, Austria
C) Spain, Austria, Poland
D) Brandenburg, Hungary, Bohemia

Question 14

The reign of Ivan IV was immediately followed by the ________.

A) reign of the five good tsars
B) reign of Peter the Great
C) purging of the boyars
D) "Time of Troubles"

Question 15

John Locke argues against absolute monarchy in his ________.

A) Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture
B) Second Treatise of Civil Government
C) Table of Ranks
D) A Counterblast to Tobacco

Question 16

The seven provinces that became the United Provinces of the Netherlands emerged as a nation in 1572 after revolting against ________.

A) France
B) Spain
C) England
D) Germany

Question 17

The document authorizing succession of the Habsburg crown through the female heir, Maria Theresa, was the ________.

A) Pragmatic Sanction
B) Treaty of Nijmwegen
C) Peace of Ryswick
D) Crown of Saint Stephen

Question 18

During the reign of James I, the British Parliament met ________.

A) annually
B) continuously
C) only when convened by the monarch
D) twice a year

Question 19

Charles I might have ruled indefinitely without Parliament had his religious policies not provoked war with ________.

A) France
B) Ireland
C) Spain
D) Scotland

Question 20

Under the rule of Peter the Great, Russia's boyars ________.

A) gained power
B) became the primary agents of modernization
C) lost much of their power
D) were exiled to Siberia

Question 21

St.Petersburg ________.

A) was built on the Gulf of Sweden
B) exemplified Russia's new orientation to the West
C) was completed in 1709 but not inhabited until Russia defeated Sweden
D) was given that name by Lenin after the 1917 Russian Revolution

Question 22

The goal of the Table of Ranks was to ________.

A) draw the nobility into state service
B) eliminate the need for nobles to serve the central state
C) force nobles into military service
D) restrict religious leaders from controlling parts of the central state

Question 23

What policies did Sir Robert Walpole promote as chief minister in England?

A) He maintained peace abroad and promoted religious and political liberty at home.
B) He advanced aggressive military initiatives abroad and imposed no new domestic policies.
C) He strictly limited free speech and increased taxes on the nobility.
D) He shut down newspapers and restricted religious liberties.

Question 24

Changes in military structure and technologies ________.

A) favored absolute monarchies
B) weakened monarchies across Europe
C) cut the costs of war
D) made finance a key element in political maneuvering

Question 25

The Petition of Right can be characterized as _________.

A) Charles I's attempt to placate Parliament
B) the long-term result of the English Civil War
C) the document that triggered the English Civil War
D) Parliament's demands on the king, presented in exchange for voting new taxes

Question 26

Michael Romanov was the ________.

A) heir to the throne after the death of Peter the Great
B) founder of St. Petersburg
C) son of Ivan the Terrible
D) first of the Romanov dynasty to rule Russia

Question 27

In the Treaty of Dover, Charles II and Louis XIV's secret agreement called for Charles II to ________.

A) dismiss the Parliament of Lords and Commons, and in exchange Louis XIV would revoke the Edict of Nantes
B) announce his conversion to Catholicism, and in exchange Louis XIV promised to pay Charles a substantial subsidy
C) revoke the Clarendon Code, and in exchange Louis XIV promised to pay Charles a substantial subsidy
D) revoke the Test Act, and in exchange Louis XIV would revoke the Edict of Nantes

Question 28

John Law believed that ________.

A) halting gold payments in France was absolutely necessary
B) France should abandon its overseas colonies
C) France should dramatically increase its level of taxation
D) an increase in the paper-money supply would stimulate France's economic recovery

Question 29

What were the two most important models of European political development in the early modern period?

A) military despotism and democratic socialism
B) democratic socialism and parliamentary monarchy
C) monarchy and socialism
D) parliamentary monarchy and political absolutism

Question 30

The chief feature of eighteenth-century French political life was ________.

A) Louis XIV's lack of leadership
B) the failure of the nobility to dominate the Parliament
C) the protest by the peasantry to gain more influence and representation in Parliament
D) the attempt of the nobility to use its authority to limit the power of the monarchy

Question 31

The Great Northern War involved what two nations?

A) Prussia and Russia
B) Sweden and Norway
C) Russia and Sweden
D) the German Empire and Sweden

Question 32

Under Oliver Cromwell, England was officially ________.

A) a Puritan republic
B) a Catholic monarchy
C) an Anglican republic
D) a Quaker republic

Question 33

Which of the following is true of the Netherlands?

A) The nation refused to allow Roman Catholics or Jews to live within its borders.
B) The Calvinist Reformed Church was the established church and the only legitimate form of organized religion.
C) Toleration marked the Dutch religious life where peoples of differing religious faiths lived together peacefully.
D) All and only Protestants were allowed within the Netherlands; Roman Catholics were forced to convert within six months of their residency in the Netherlands.

Question 34

The economy of the Netherlands in the seventeenth century can be described as ________.

A) strong and diverse
B) weak and in decline
C) strictly agrarian
D) limited to manufacturing industries

Question 35

Which of the following events completed the Glorious Revolution?

A) Charles I was executed.
B) William and Mary were proclaimed English monarchs.
C) George II became king of Great Britain.
D) The Secret Treaty of Dover was signed between England and France.

Question 36

Which of the following dynasties is correctly identified with the region it ruled?

A) Hohenzollern dynasty in Prussia
B) Habsburg dynasty in Russia
C) Romanov dynasty in Austria
D) Sejm dynasty in Poland

Question 37

Russian victory in the Great Northern War led to ________.

A) the decline of Poland
B) a permanent Russian influence on European affairs
C) an alliance with England
D) an alliance with Finland

Question 38

Peter the Great's inspiration for rebuilding his court in St.Petersburg was ________.

A) Versailles
B) Berlin
C) Aix-la-Chapelle
D) the Pantheon

Question 39

What did Peter the Great learn about his son Aleksei that presented a problem for the monarchy?

A) Aleksei was too weak to take over the throne.
B) Aleksei did not want to become king.
C) Aleksei might become a focus for rebellion.
D) His son had entered into a plot to overthrow Peter.

Question 40

Peter I came to power in Russia with the assistance of the _______.

A) streltsy
B) boyars
C) cossacks
D) Orthodox Church

Question 41

The Habsburg Empire can be described as ________.

A) small but cohesive
B) large but divided
C) strongly centralized
D) disappearing by 1700

Question 42

The Table of Ranks and the Holy Synod were both implemented by Peter the Great to _______.

A) expand central secular authority
B) eliminate the threat of a noble uprising
C) defeat Sweden in the Great Northern War
D) eliminate the power of the streltsy

Question 43

The idea of the divine right of kings was attractive to monarchs because it effectively ________.

A) gave them free license over their people
B) ended the influence of the church in secular matters
C) made them free of noble rule
D) created an alliance between the nobles and commoners

Question 44

Peter the Great's creation of the procurator general illustrates his attempt to ________.

A) bring the church under secular control
B) introduce Protestantism to Russia
C) weaken the streltsy
D) turn Russia to the West

Question 45

When James I and Charles I attempted to rule as strong monarchs, they were blocked primarily by ________.

A) Parliament
B) the Anglican Church
C) Spain
D) the Puritans

Question 46

In contrast to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French monarchies or English parliamentary system, the Netherlands was formally a _________.

Question 47

In what way did the Sejm fail Poland?

A) The Sejm failed to advance successful military operations.
B) The Sejm was ruined by royal intrigue that took away power from the governing body.
C) The Sejm was made up of foreigners who did not know the issues of Poland.
D) The Sejm required unanimity for any legislative action, which blocked effective government.

Question 48

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes is best seen in the context of Louis XIV's policy of ________.

A) religious persecution
B) unifying France under an absolute monarchy
C) alliance with the Catholic church
D) making war on Catholics

Question 49

Prussia is unique in early modern history because the Hohenzollerns ________.

A) had been rulers of Poland
B) were Catholic rulers of a Protestant state
C) forged an alliance with Russia
D) created a major new state

Question 50

What problem did the Pragmatic Sanction attempt to address?

A) the problem of a weak military power
B) the problem of religious intolerance within Germany
C) the problem of the lack of an Austrian Habsburg male heir
D) the problem of religious restrictions on Protestants

Question 51

Poland is an example of a state that was weak because of _______.

A) its small territory
B) the ascendancy of its nobility
C) religious division
D) larger neighbors

Question 52

King Louis XIV won the support of the French ________ by supporting their local influence and social status.

Question 53

How did Frederick William I differ from Frederick the Great in use of military power?

A) Frederick William I was interested in a strong military while Frederick the Great disliked military strength.
B) Frederick the Great was interested in a strong military while Frederick William I disliked military strength.
C) Frederick William I avoided putting his powerful army into places of conflict while Frederick the Great advanced destructive invasions.
D) Frederick William I was reckless with his military strength while Frederick the Great rarely went to war.

Question 54

Peter the Great attempted to emulate which political model?

A) French absolutism
B) English representative government
C) Poland's Sejm
D) the Dutch Republic

Question 55

The absolutist model is best represented by ________.

Question 56

In the Netherlands, more people lived in __________ than in any other area of Europe.

Question 57

Poland can be seen as an extreme example of the political model represented by _______.

A) England
B) France
C) Russia
D) Spain

Question 58

When James II became king, he immediately demanded the repeal of the _________.

Question 59

The Militia Ordinance effectively did which of these?

A) abolished Parliament
B) ended the English monarchy
C) made Parliament an independent power in Britain
D) brought France and England into an alliance

Question 60

What was the effect in France of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the ensuing religious repression?

A) Culture in France was at its peak.
B) Universities opened, drawing thinkers from all over the world.
C) A new era of religious conflict opened.
D) Religious toleration brought many to reside in France.

Question 61

Explain Peter the Great's motivation for westernizing his empire.What actions did he take militarily and socially to make his citizens and administration more receptive to Western ideas and customs.

Question 62

A Roman Catholic religious movement known as ____________ arose in the 1630s in opposition to the theology and political influence of the Jesuits and adhered to the teachings of St.Augustine.

Question 63

The Glorious Revolution placed _________ on the English throne.

Question 64

Compare two noble groups in Europe in the early modern period-such as the boyars and junkers-and examine their agendas, their political power, and how they shaped both domestic and foreign policy.

Question 65

The dangers and turmoil of Peter the Great's youth convinced him that the power of the tsar must be made secure from the jealousy of the ________.

Question 66

Describe in detail the political, economic, and religious aspects of Dutch society.What do you consider the key differences between the Netherlands and other European countries in this period?

Question 67

The palace at ________ is a perfect example of how Louis XIV used the physical setting of his court to exert political control.

Question 68

Explain the difference between parliamentary monarchy and political absolutism.Give examples of each and identify the strengths and weaknesses inherent in each model.

Question 69

Describe the rise of Prussia in the 1600s and 1700s.How did Prussia's emergence as a European power shape its state and culture?

Question 70

The ________ dynasty ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917.

Question 71

The Hohenzollern capital was at ________.

Question 72

Under Hohenzollern rule, ________ were allowed almost complete control over the serfs on their estates.

Question 73

The ________ was meant to ensure that Maria Theresa could inherit the Habsburg crown.

Question 74

Describe the rule of Oliver Cromwell.How was he like or unlike English royal rulers? Explain his successes and failures and tell what accounts for those successes and failures.

Question 75

What were the chief foreign threats to the Austrian Habsburgs during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? How did the Habsburg rulers seek to contain those threats?

Question 76

Peter the Great replaced the position of patriarch with the ________.

Question 77

Refer to the passage "Encountering the Past: Early Controversy over Tobacco and Smoking." What were James's specific objections to tobacco? Do you think he was ahead of his time in his stance on tobacco? In present-day society "sin taxes" still thrive.Identify at least three industries in which the government imposes sin taxes today.Do you agree or disagree with this type of legislation? Explain.

Question 78

What factors contributed to the Glorious Revolution in England? Explain the events, the leaders, and the political situation that led up to it.

Question 79

How did the duke of Orléans weaken France after the death of Louis XIV? Which of his initiatives became symbolic of French decline? How?

Question 80

Louis XIV's power and central position in French society were reflected in the unofficial title "The ________."