Deck 5: Lipids: Fats, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Question 1

Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include:

A) coconut oil
B) corn oil
C) palm oil
D) plant sterols

Answer 1

B

Question 2

__________ is needed in the body to make vitamin D, bile acids, and cortisol.

A) Cholesterol
B) Triglyceride
C) Phospholipid
D) Lipase

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the past 40 years, total fat intake has:

A) decreased
B) increased
C) changed very little

Answer 3

C

Question 4

________, when consumed in the diet, can help reduce blood cholesterol levels.

A) Animal fat
B) Calciu
C) Plant sterols
D) Vitamin D

Question 5

Sources of hidden fat in our diet include

A) cheese and ice cream
B) doughnuts and cookies
C) muffins and French fries
D) All of these are sources of hidden fat

Question 6

Which of the following is not a tropical oil?

A) Coconut oil
B) Palm kernel oil
C) Palm oil
D) Safflower oil

Question 7

Lipids that are consumed in the diet are absorbed into the intestinal mucosal cells. From here, all of the following molecules, with the exception of ____, are not soluble in water, and are thus packaged for transport.

A) cholesterol
B) fat-soluble vitamins
C) long-chain fatty acids
D) small fatty acids

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?

A) Cholesterol is an example of an essential fatty acid.
B) All omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids.
C) The body cannot make these at all or in sufficient quantities to meet the body's need.
D) They are metabolized at an extremely high rate as compared to other compounds.

Question 9

_________ is an important component of cell membranes, forming a lipid bilayer by orienting the water-soluble portion towards the water environment.

A) Cholesterol
B) Phospholipid
C) Saturated fatty acid
D) Triglyceride

Question 10

The phospholipid lecithin is used to synthesize:

A) acetylcholine
B) plant sterols
C) testosterone
D) Vitamin D

Question 11

Which of the following is not a function of fat in foods?

A) Aroma
B) Flavor
C) Grittiness
D) Texture

Question 12

The majority of _______ is located in cell membranes, but is also a part of myelin, the insulating coating on nerve cells.

A) cholesterol
B) omega-3 fatty acids
C) phospholipids
D) triglycerides

Question 13

After long-chain fatty acids have been absorbed into the mucosal cells, they are re-assembled into:

A) cholesterol
B) fat-soluble vitamins
C) micelles
D) triglycerides

Question 14

Particles formed in the small intestine when the products of fat digestion are surrounded by bile are:

A) chylomicrons
B) emulsifiers
C) lipoproteins
D) micelles

Question 15

The lipid that makes up most of the lipids in our body is:

A) cholesterol
B) lecithin
C) phospholipid
D) triglyceride

Question 16

The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the:

A) gallbladder
B) large intestine
C) small intestine
D) stomach

Question 17

Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid?

A) Alpha-linoleic acid
B) Linoleic acid
C) Omega-6 fatty acid
D) Trans fatty acid

Question 18

Which of the following would not lessen the amount of fat consumed?

A) Choosing chicken instead of beef
B) Consuming fewer eggs
C) Eating fruit instead of vegetables
D) Switching to low-fat milk from whole milk

Question 19

Which of the following foods is the lowest in cholesterol?

A) Chicken
B) Peanut butter
C) Low fat yogurt
D) Salmon

Question 20

The best-known phospholipid used by the food industry to prevent oil from separating from other ingredients is ________.

A) bile
B) cholesterol
C) egg yolk
D) lecithin

Question 21

Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of cholesterol?

A) Chylomicron
B) HDL
C) LDL
D) VLDL

Question 22

High levels of ______ in the blood are associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease.

A) chylomicrons
B) HDL
C) LDL
D) VLDL

Question 23

Which of the following is not a component of lipoprotein?

A) Bile
B) Cholesterol
C) Phospholipids
D) Protein

Question 24

________ splits fatty acids into two-carbon units that form acetyl-CoA and releases high-energy electrons.

A) Anaerobic metabolism
B) Beta-oxidation
C) Lipoprotein lipase
D) The citric acid cycle

Question 25

Which of the following are absorbed without digestion?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins
B) Long-chain fatty acids
C) Phospholipids
D) Triglycerides

Question 26

An enzyme that digests lipids is:

A) amylase
B) lipase
C) protease
D) pepsin

Question 27

The typical American diet has a ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids that is:

A) equal in the amounts of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for optimal health
B) higher in the amounts of omega-3 versus omega-6 fatty acids for optimal health
C) higher in the amounts of omega-6 versus omega-3 fatty acids for optimal health

Question 28

Lipoprotein lipase breaks down the triglycerides in chylomicrons into:

A) amino acids
B) cholesterol and fatty acids
C) glucose
D) glycerol
E) fatty acids and glycerol

Question 29

Which of the following is not a function of lipids in the body?

A) Absorption of water-soluble vitamins
B) Insulation from changes in temperature
C) Source of energy
D) Structural component of cell membranes

Question 30

Which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from other lipoproteins and body cells and returns it to the liver?

A) Chylomicron
B) HDL
C) LDL
D) VLDL

Question 31

Which two lipoproteins deliver triglycerides to body cells?

A) Chylomicrons & VLDL
B) HDL & LDL
C) LDL & VLDL
D) VLDL & HDL

Question 32

The remains of chylomicrons:

A) are converted into glycerol
B) bind to an LDL receptor
C) consist mostly of free fatty acids
D) travel to the liver to be disassembled

Question 33

Which lipoprotein has the highest proportion of triglyceride?

A) Chylomicron
B) HDL
C) LDL
D) VLDL

Question 34

Bile is:

A) produced by the liver
B) stored in the gallbladder
C) released in the small intestine
D) All of these

Question 35

Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of protein?

A) Chylomicron
B) HDL
C) LDL
D) VLDL

Question 36

HDLs:

A) contain a high proportion of cholesterol.
B) function similarly to chylomicrons, transports lipids away from the liver.
C) return cholesterol from other lipoproteins and body cells to the liver.
D) are formed in the mucosal cell.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is false about omega-3 fatty acids?

A) Fish is a good food source.
B) High amounts in the diet help to lower blood pressure.
C) High amounts in the diet increase inflammation.
D) Walnuts, canola oil, and flaxseed are good food sources.

Question 38

The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids impacts the production of which hormone-like molecule that helps regulate blood clotting?

A) Arachidonic acid
B) dha
C) Eicosanoids
D) Linoleic acid

Question 39

The current U.S. diet contains a higher ratio of which fatty acid than is optimal for health?

A) DHA
B) EPA
C) omega-3
D) omega-6

Question 40

Since chylomicrons are too large to enter the capillaries in the small intestine, they pass into the:

A) gallbladder
B) large intestine
C) lymph
D) stomach

Question 41

Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for dinner from the vegetable group?

A) Tomatoes with olive oil and balsamic vinegar
B) Deep fried zucchini
C) Organic peas with butter
D) Mashed potatoes with cheddar cheese

Question 42

Kyle had a brother who exhibited heart disease at age 62 and a sister who exhibited heart disease at age 64. Based on the age at which his brother and his sister exhibited heart disease, is Kyle considered to have a family history of heart disease?

A) Yes, based on the age of his brother only
B) Yes, based on the age of his sister only
C) Yes, based on the ages of both his sister and brother
D) No, based on the ages of both his sister and brother

Question 43

If there is not enough carbohydrate available in cells to allow the acetyl-CoA to enter the citric acid cycle, it will be used to make ______.

A) chylomicrons
B) glucose
C) glycerol
D) ketones

Question 44

Each gram of fat from the diet contains __ calories.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 7
D) 9

Question 45

Research indicates that the initiation of atherosclerosis may be related to all of the following except:

A) elevated blood levels of glucose
B) infection
C) low blood pressure
D) smoking

Question 46

Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for breakfast from the grains group?

A) Whole grain toast with honey
B) Poptart
C) English muffin with butter
D) French toast sticks with margarine

Question 47

Which of the following fats is lowest in saturated fat?

A) butter
B) coconut oil
C) olive oil
D) partially hydrogenated soybean oil

Question 48

Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for lunch from the fruit group?

A) Apple fritter
B) Fried banana fruit kebab
C) Cherry pie with low-fat vanilla ice cream
D) Avocado slices, olive oil, and balsamic vinegar

Question 49

To maintain a healthy body weight, Shaundra needs to eat 1850 calories per day. To be within the DRIs recommendations for total fat intake, which of the following amounts of total fat should be her upper limit

A) 21 grams
B) 31 grams
C) 45 grams
D) 72 grams

Question 50

A high-fat meal contains ____ calories in the same volume as compared to a low-fat meal.

A) the same amount of
B) fewer
C) more

Question 51

Intake of fish, nuts, and whole grains ________ heart disease risk.

A) may increase
B) may decrease
C) has no impact on
D) none of these are correct

Question 52

The AMDR for fat children ages 1 to 3 is:

A) 20-35% of calories.
B) 25-35% of calories.
C) 30-40% of calories.
D) 35-45% of calories.

Question 53

All of the following foods contain cholesterol except:

A) boiled egg
B) hamburger cooked on the grill
C) avocado
D) salmon

Question 54

The fat content of the U.S. diet is not thought to be the only reason for the incidence of increasing obesity in the United States. Which of the following best explains the increase in obesity?

A) Energy intake exceeds energy expended
B) Energy intake is less than energy expended
C) Energy intake equals energy expended
D) None of these are correct

Question 55

Adipose tissue is best described as:

A) stored glucose
B) stored protein
C) stored triglycerides
D) stored cholesterol

Question 56

Which of the following types of oil is the best source of healthy, unsaturated fats?

A) Butter
B) Canola Oil
C) Lard
D) Stick margarine

Question 57

Excess body fat is associated with an increased risk of:

A) cardiovascular disease.
B) diabetes
C) high blood pressure
D) All of these

Question 58

Gary had the following blood levels (mg/100 mL): cholesterol 245, HDL 35, LDL 99. Which of these blood lipid levels put him at risk for heart disease?

A) Cholesterol and HDL
B) Cholesterol and HDL and LDL
C) Cholesterol and LDL
D) HDL and LDL

Question 59

Fates of triglycerides include all of the following except:

A) source of immediate energy
B) storage in adipose tissue
C) source of energy between meals
D) conversion to muscle tissue

Question 60

In regard to the development of atherosclerosis, which of the following represent the correct sequence of events?

A) Macrophages form  secreted chemicals promote an inflammatory process  LDLs migrate to artery wall
B) Secreted chemicals promote an inflammatory process  macrophages form  LDLs migrate to artery wall
C) Macrophages form  LDLs migrate to artery wall  secreted chemicals promote an inflammatory process
D) LDLs migrate to artery wall  macrophages form  secreted chemicals promote an inflammatory process

Question 61

The amount of the fat-soluble vitamins absorbed can be reduced if dietary fat is really low.

Question 62

The number and location of the double bonds determine the health effects they have on the body.

Question 63

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish.

Question 64

Small amounts of trans fatty acids occur naturally in foods.

Question 65

The bile in the micelles is also absorbed and returned to the gallbladder to be reused.

Question 66

All cis and trans fatty acids are unsaturated.

Question 67

All omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are unsaturated.

Question 68

Arachidonic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid synthesized from linoleic acid.

Question 69

Even though the sources of fat in the U.S. diet have changed since 1970, the types of fat and the number of grams of fat Americans consume daily have changed little.

Question 70

The following is a description of what Bryan ate yesterday. The sources of fat that he ate are mainly from visible sources of fat.
Breakfast - poptart, glass of 2% milk
Lunch - French fries, hamburger
Snack - cheese and crackers
Dinner - Baked potato with butter and sour cream, green beans, baked chicken drumsticks
Snack - ice cream

Question 71

When comparing today's fat consumption with that of 1971 the increase in women's fat consumption is proportionally more substantial than men's.

Question 72

Elise is trying to manage her blood cholesterol, so she wants to purchase some crackers that do not have saturated fat in them. Which oil, if it appears in the ingredient list should she avoid?

A) canola oil
B) coconut oil
C) olive oil
D) soybean oil

Question 73

Eating patterns in the United States have changed little over the past 40 years.

Question 74

Diets high in saturated fatty acids have been shown to increase the risk of heart disease.

Question 75

Rancidity is the spoilage of fats and oils.

Question 76

Hydrogenation makes a saturated fatty acid more unsaturated.

Question 77

All omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are unsaturated.

Question 78

The Nutrition Facts panel shows the amounts of all of the following except:

A) omega-3 fats
B) saturated fat
C) total fat
D) trans fat

Question 79

Only foods with visible fat, and not hidden fat, contribute to total caloric intake.

Question 80

The fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the same process as other lipids.