Deck 12: Nutrition From 1 to 100

Question 1

The best way to determine if a child is receiving adequate nutrition is to observe their growth pattern.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Being obese as a child increases the child's risk for type 2 diabetes.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The amounts of protein and energy needed per kilogram of body weight _____, whereas the total amount of protein and energy needed _____ as children grow into adulthood.

A) decrease, decrease
B) decrease, increase
C) increase, decrease
D) increase, increase

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements about chronic disease risk is FALSE?

A) The longer someone has diabetes, the greater their risk of complications that can lead to the need for an amputation.
B) Elevated blood cholesterol levels during childhood are associated with higher mortality rate from heart disease as an adult.
C) Children with a blood pressure that is at the high end of normal are more likely to develop hypertension as an adult.
D) Children who drink high amounts of fruit juice are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes as an adult.

Question 5

What percent of children are considered obese?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 17%
D) 23%

Question 6

Which of the following behaviors is most likely to promote formation of dental caries?

A) Drinking water immediately before going to bed
B) Eating cheese and crackers as a snack
C) Having ice cream as a snack
D) Slowly sipping fruit juice between meals

Question 7

The RDA for iron for young children is _____ the RDA for adult men.

A) higher than
B) the same as
C) lower than

Question 8

Which of the following are appropriate strategies to increase calcium consumption in children?

A) Serve macaroni and cheese for lunch.
B) Make oatmeal with milk rather than water.
C) Serve puddings as snacks.
D) All of these would add calcium to a child's diet.

Question 9

Deficiencies of ____ is/are of particular concern during childhood.

A) calcium
B) iron
C) vitamin D
D) All of these deficiencies are of concern during childhood.

Question 10

Much of what we choose to eat as adults depends on what we learned to eat as children. Think back to when you were a child, and respond to the following questions: Who, in your life, was instrumental in forming the eating habits that you have today? What foods did you eat often when you were a child? What types of foods and drinks did you have as snacks? Where in your home did you eat meals and snacks? If today you were raising a child, how would you help them to develop eating behaviors that support a healthy diet?

Question 11

Which of the following is LEAST likely to cause hyperactivity?

A) High caffeine intake
B) High sugar intake
C) Lack of physical activity
D) Lack of sleep

Question 12

Which is NOT a lunch standard of the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010?

A) Meals must include fruit and vegetables.
B) Meals cannot contain red meat.
C) Meals must be low in saturated fat and cannot contain trans fat.
D) Half of the grains served must be whole.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about feeding children is FALSE?

A) Children who eat breakfast are more likely to meet their daily nutrient needs than those who don't.
B) Mealtimes should be at a consistent time every day.
C) Children eat more when they eat alone.
D) Food should not be used as a reward or punishment.

Question 14

The AMDR from carbohydrate for children is ________ the AMDR for adults.

A) higher than
B) the same as
C) lower than

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding television viewing by children is FALSE?

A) Watching television encourages increased snacking.
B) Watching television encourages decreased physical activity.
C) Watching television introduces children to more unhealthy foods.
D) Watching television has no effect on a child's future risk for being overweight.

Question 16

Much of what we choose to eat as adults depends on what we learned to eat as children.

Question 17

Children's food preferences are learned through repeated exposure to a new food. A new food may need to be offered _____times before the child will accept it.

A) 2-3
B) 4-5
C) 6-7
D) 8-10

Question 18

Recommended amounts of most micronutrients do not differ for boys and girls until about _____ years of age.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 15

Question 19

Children need small, nutrient-dense meals and snacks because they

A) have a short attention span.
B) have small stomachs and high nutrient needs.
C) need to expend more calories in playtime.
D) none of these are plausible reasons.

Question 20

Those children who participate in the National School Lunch Program consume ______ vegetables and ______ milk than nonparticipants.

A) less, less
B) less, more
C) more, less
D) more, more

Question 21

As compared to an adult, the percentage of calories from fat is _______ for an adolescent.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) the same as

Question 22

Based on the research depicted in this visual, adolescent peak growth velocity begins for females before it begins for males.

Question 23

Based on the distribution of beverage intake by weight in U.S. children and teens, which micronutrient intakes have been most impacted by these beverage choices?

A) Calcium and phosphorus
B) Calcium and niacin
C) Potassium and sodium
D) Zinc and iodine

Question 24

The greatest health-related concern of low calcium intake among adolescents is that it results in growth stunting.

Question 25

______ is used to determine overweight and obesity in children.

A) BMI
B) BMR
C) Food consumption
D) Weight

Question 26

Binge drinking is defined as _____ or more drinks at one time for men and _____ or more drinks at one time for women.

A) 2, 1
B) 3, 2
C) 4, 3
D) 5, 4

Question 27

During adolescence boys require more energy than girls due to their greater amount of body fat.

Question 28

Based on the research depicted in this visual, males gain substantially more height than females do during the adolescent growth spurt.

Question 29

In 2007-2008, children aged ____ had the highest percentage of obese children.

A) 2-5 years
B) 6-11 years
C) 12-19 years

Question 30

Based on this visual, explain how puberty affects body composition.

Question 31

Shad is a 16 year old high school student. Shad loves to eat pizza and is trying to convince his mom that eating a piece of left-over cheese pizza from last night's dinner for breakfast this morning is a healthy food choice for breakfast. What might Shad tell his mom to sway her thoughts about this practice?

Question 32

In young children, lead poisoning can cause learning disabilities and behavior problems.

Question 33

The need for most of the vitamins _____ during adolescence.

A) decreases
B) remains the same
C) increases

Question 34

The total amount of energy needed by teenagers is usually _______ that needed for an adult.

A) greater than
B) less than
C) the same as

Question 35

These results most likely came from ____ studies.

A) animal
B) biochemical
C) clinical trial
D) epidemiological

Question 36

Which of the following statements about iron during adolescence is FALSE?

A) Adolescent females are more likely than adolescent males to consume less than the recommended amount of dietary iron.
B) Adolescent males have a greater iron requirement for tissue synthesis than adolescent females.
C) The need for iron rises dramatically between childhood and adolescence.
D) Total iron needs are greater for adolescent males than adolescent females who have begun menstruating.

Question 37

Scientific studies have shown that smokers consume fewer fruits and vegetables than nonsmokers.

Question 38

Which of the following would be the healthiest alternative to French fries if you were eating at a fast-food restaurant?

A) Baked potato with low-fat sour cream
B) Breaded chicken sandwich
C) Deep-fried mozzarella sticks
D) Double cheeseburger

Question 39

The recommended amount of calcium intake increases from 800 milligrams per day for children to 1300 milligrams per day during adolescence, yet intake is typically much lower than recommended in both sexes. What is the most immediate health-related concern of low calcium intake during adolescence? What is the greatest contributor to low calcium intake in this age group?

Question 40

All vegetarian diets are healthier than diets that include animal products.

Question 41

Macular degeneration is the most common cause of blindness in older Americans.

Question 42

One drink of alcohol contains 12 to 14 grams of alcohol, which is equivalent in all of the following except

A) 5 ounces of wine.
B) 1.5 ounces of hard liquor.
C) 12 ounces of beer.
D) 24 ounces of beer.

Question 43

The development of kidney failure becomes more prevalent with age; therefore, the amount of _______ in the diet must be reduced.

A) alcohol
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) protein

Question 44

A disease that results in a relentless and irreversible loss of mental function is

A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) cataracts.
C) dementia.
D) food insecurity.

Question 45

Explain how the environment, lifestyle, and genetics influence one's rate of aging.

Question 46

Because some alcohol is absorbed directly from the stomach, its effects are almost immediate.

Question 47

Adult energy needs typically _______ with age.

A) decrease
B) do not change
C) increase

Question 48

The older adult years are often associated with increased physical frailty, dementia, and food insecurity. Define each of these terms and discuss how each could contribute to increased nutritional risk.

Question 49

The recommended water intake for older adults is ______ it is for younger adults.

A) higher than
B) lower than
C) the same as

Question 50

As people age, they tend to lose lean body mass, owing to the decrease in BMR typically seen with aging.

Question 51

The incidence of chronic diseases and disabilities increases with advancing age, these increases were considered when the Dietary Reference Intake recommendations were established.

Question 52

Absorption of alcohol is slowed if you eat food when you are drinking alcohol.

Question 53

Explain the Malnutrition Cycle.

Question 54

Which of the following does not affect nutritional status in older adults?

A) Increased medication use
B) Presence of chronic illness
C) Socioeconomic status
D) All of these can have an impact on nutritional status.

Question 55

Basic food principles that are emphasized for the older adult include the following: consume plenty of fluids and fiber, choose foods to ensure intake of vitamin B12, calcium, and vitamin D is sufficient, and choose foods that are high in antioxidants. Aunt Matilda is an 80 year old sedentary women, she has a history of heart disease and is on medication to control blood pressure. She has some difficulty chewing because of poor-fitting dentures. Plan an appropriate lunch for Matilda based on specific food recommendations for each of the food groups. For each food group, report which of the basic food principles are being emphasized.

Question 56

Older adults should consume a diet that is _______ in protein relative to calories as compared to that of younger adults.

A) higher
B) lower
C) similar

Question 57

The DRIs for adults do not change throughout adulthood.

Question 58

In the US, the average life expectancy is 78 years and healthy life expectancy is 70 years. What does this mean?

A) After 70 years, many people lose the desire to live.
B) Most people have serious financial hardship after 70 years.
C) Social isolation is common in the last 8 years of life.
D) The last 8 years of life are restricted by disease and disability.

Question 59

The goal of successful aging is to increase not only life expectancy but also healthy life expectancy.

Question 60

The Dietary Guidelines define moderate alcohol consumption as no more than _____ drink(s) per day for women and _____ drink(s) per day for men.

A) 1, 2
B) 1, 3
C) 2, 3
D) 2, 4

Question 61

Type of alcoholic liver disease that is not reversible is

A) alcoholic hepatitis.
B) cirrhosis.
C) fatty liver.
D) None of these are reversible.

Question 62

Use the graph to compare the incidence of heart disease in Okinawa with that in Japan and the U.S.

Question 63

Deficiency of _____ is of particular concern with chronic alcohol consumption.

A) folate
B) thiamin
C) niacin
D) vitamin B₆

Question 64

The primary mechanism by which moderate consumption of alcohol lowers cardiovascular disease risk is that it

A) decreases triglyceride level in the blood.
B) decreases blood pressure.
C) increases cholesterol clearance from the digestive tract.
D) increases HDL.

Question 65

Drinking alcohol with meals slows its absorption.

Question 66

When short-term alcohol intake exceeds the body's ability to break it down, the excess accumulates in the bloodstream and impairs a person's abilities. Of the following, which is the correct sequence of impairments that occur?

A) Compromised ability to reason → lack of coordination → slowed breathing, heart rate, and gag reflex
B) Lack of coordination → slowed breathing, heart rate, and gag reflex → compromised ability to reason
C) Slowed breathing, heart rate, and gag reflex → lack of coordination → compromised ability to reason
D) None of these are in the correct order.

Question 67

Which of the following is the only dietary intervention that has been shown to slow aging and extend life?

A) Consuming >10% of calories from olive oil
B) Exercising daily for 60 minutes
C) Cutting back on calorie intake
D) Eating 5-9 fruits and vegetables daily

Question 68

When greater amounts of alcohol are consumed, the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) also metabolizes alcohol.

Question 69

Peak blood alcohol concentrations occur about _____ minutes after ingestion.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 120

Question 70

Which of the following statements about alcohol metabolism is FALSE?

A) Alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that breaks down alcohol.
B) Alcohol increases fluid excretion from the kidneys.
C) If you drink alcohol frequently, your body becomes more efficient at breaking the alcohol down.
D) The main organs that break down alcohol are the kidneys.