Deck 18: Urinary System and Venipuncture

Question 1

How much will the kidneys drop in the change from the supine to the upright position?

A) 1 inch
B) 2 inches
C) 3 inches
D) 3 inches

Answer 1

2 inches

Question 2

For which body habitus will the kidneys lie at the highest level?

A) Sthenic
B) Asthenic
C) Hypersthenic
D) Hyposthenic

Answer 2

Hypersthenic

Question 3

removing waste products from the blood.

Question 4

The area of the kidney identified in the figure below is the:

A) hilum.
B) renal pelvis.
C) renal sinus.
D) minor calyx.

Answer 4

renal pelvis.

Question 5

maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

Question 6

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A) Posterior wall
B) Superior wall
C) Anterior wall
D) Posterosuperior wall

Question 7

The cup-shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from the collecting ducts are called the:

A) hilum.
B) calyces.
C) renal sinuses.
D) renal pelvis.

Question 8

The organ identified in the figure below is the:

A) spleen.
B) liver.
C) left kidney.
D) right kidney.

Question 9

Which of the following is secreted by the suprarenal glands?

A) Epinephrine
B) Thyroxine
C) Prolactin
D) Glucagon

Question 10

How much fluid can the adult bladder hold?

A) 75 mL
B) 100 mL
C) 400 mL
D) 500 mL

Question 11

The site where the ureters enter the bladder is termed the _____ junction.

A) ureterocalyceal
B) cystoureteral
C) ureterovesical
D) ureterocystic

Question 12

The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographic images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed:

A) pyelography.
B) antegrade urography.
C) intravenous urography.
D) nephrotomography.

Question 13

secreting substances that affect blood pressure.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 14

Functions of the kidney include:
1. removing waste products from the blood.
2. maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
3. secreting substances that affect blood pressure.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 15

How long is the urethra in the female?

A) 1 inch
B) 1 inches
C) 2 inches
D) 2 inches

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys?

A) The left kidney is longer and narrower than the right.
B) The left kidney is lower than the right.
C) The right kidney is longer and narrower than the left.
D) Both kidneys are the same length and width.

Question 17

How much urine is excreted by the kidneys each day?

A) 0.5 L
B) 1 L
C) 2 L
D) 1 to 2 L

Question 18

Which of the following serve(s) as a reservoir to store urine?

A) Kidneys
B) Calyces
C) Ureters
D) Urinary bladder

Question 19

Which of the following serves as the filter for the blood in the kidney?

A) Glomerulus
B) Afferent tubule
C) Henle's loop
D) The convoluted tubules

Question 20

Where do the ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum?

A) In the peritoneum
B) Behind the peritoneum
C) In front of the peritoneum
D) In the peritoneal space

Question 21

The microscopic components of the parenchyma of the kidney are called:

A) nephrons.
B) calyces.
C) the glomerulus.
D) cortical substances.

Question 22

The cluster of blood capillaries contained within the capsule of a nephron is called the:

A) cortex.
B) medulla.
C) Henle's loop.
D) glomerulus.

Question 23

Preparation of the patient for an IVU includes:
1)a light evening meal.
2)a non-gas forming laxative.
3)NPO after midnight.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 24

Contraindications for intravenous urography include:
1)anuria.
2)renal failure.
3)elderly patients.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 25

Nonionic contrast agents are preferred because:

A) they produce fewer adverse reactions.
B) less is required to perform an exam.
C) the cost of nonionics is lower.
D) the kidneys filter it faster, thus decreasing the time of the exam.

Question 26

In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed:

A) infusion.
B) percutaneous.
C) antegrade.
D) retrograde.

Question 27

The respiration phase for all exposures made during an IVU is:

A) inspiration.
B) expiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) shallow breathing.

Question 28

Which of the following must be available during an IVU?
1)Nurse
2)Radiologist
3)Emergency cart

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 29

A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed:

A) cystography.
B) cystourethrography.
C) cystoureterography.
D) retrograde urography.

Question 30

The series of radiographic images made during an IVU examination are typically done at time intervals between _____ minutes.

A) 0 and 10
B) 5 and 10
C) 3 and 20
D) 5 and 30

Question 31

How many minutes after injection does the greatest concentration of contrast medium appear in the kidneys?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15 to 20
D) 20 to 30

Question 32

For which of the following anatomic areas is the retrograde technique used?
1)Bladder
2)Lower ureters
3)Urethra

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 33

Compression should not be used during an IVU if the patient has a(n):
1)iodine allergy.
2)aneurysm.
3)colostomy.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 34

The concentration of iodine in ionic contrast media is:

A) 50%.
B) 70%.
C) 50% to 70%.
D) 70% to 90%.

Question 35

Where is the compression applied during an IVU?

A) Over the kidneys
B) Distal ends of the ureters
C) Middle portion of the ureters
D) Directly over the bladder

Question 36

Nearly all life-threatening reactions to contrast media occur immediately or within _____ minutes of the injection.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20

Question 37

Where is the IR centered for all abdominal images taken during examinations of the urinary system?

A) L3
B) Iliac crests
C) 2 inches above the iliac crests
D) 2 inches below the iliac crests

Question 38

The technical factors used for an IVU should provide sufficient exposure technique to clearly demonstrate the:
1)outline of the kidneys.
2)lower border of the liver.
3)lateral margin of the psoas muscle.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 39

The common reactions to contrast media include: 1.warmth.
2)flushing.
3)anaphylactic reaction.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 40

Within how many minutes does contrast medium appear in the pelvicalyceal system?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 8
D) 2 to 8

Question 41

Significant reactions to contrast media include:
1)nausea.
2)vomiting.
3)edema of the respiratory mucous membrane.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 42

What is the central-ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees
C) 10 degrees
D) 5 to 10 degrees

Question 43

The radiographic examination of the urethra is called:

A) cystography.
B) cystourethrography.
C) cystoureterography.
D) retrograde urography.

Question 44

What size IR and which position is used for examination of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?

A) 8 * 10 inches (18 * 24 cm) crosswise
B) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm) crosswise
C) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm) lengthwise
D) 14 * 17 inches (35 * 43 cm) crosswise

Question 45

Where is the IR centered for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram?

A) Superior border of the pubic symphysis
B) 2 inches above the pubic symphysis
C) 2 inches below the pubic symphysis
D) Variable depending on the penis position

Question 46

How is the central ray positioned to free the bladder neck of superimposition during a female cystourethrogram?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees caudad
C) 5 degrees cephalad
D) 10 degrees cephalad

Question 47

How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram?

A) 20 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 35 to 40 degrees

Question 48

How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projection of the urinary system?

A) 30 degrees
B) 35 degrees
C) 40 degrees
D) 45 degrees

Question 49

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?

A) At the pubic symphysis
B) 1 inch above the upper border of the pubic symphysis
C) 1 inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis
D) 2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis

Question 50

The mucosal folds on the inside of the urinary bladder are called:

A) serosa.
B) omenta.
C) rugae.
D) pleura.

Question 51

Which decubitus position is commonly used during an IVU examination to demonstrate the ureteropelvic junction?

A) Ventral decubitus
B) Dorsal decubitus
C) L lateral decubitus
D) R lateral decubitus

Question 52

What is the essential projection used for a cystourethrogram on a male patient?

A) AP
B) AP oblique
C) PA oblique
D) Lateral

Question 53

How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram?

A) 25 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 40 to 60 degrees
D) 60 to 80 degrees

Question 54

The two kidneys lie:

A) behind the peritoneum.
B) behind the stomach.
C) inside the peritoneum.
D) inside the peritoneal cavity.

Question 55

Which of the following is true regarding positioning of the abdomen for a lateral projection of the urinary system?

A) The midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.
B) A coronal plane 1 inch anterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.
C) A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.
D) A coronal plane 2 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.

Question 56

The urinary system includes which of the following?
1)Urethra
2)Two kidneys
3)Suprarenal glands

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 57

The abbreviation for the excretory technique of urography is:

A) IVP.
B) EXU.
C) KUB.
D) IVU.

Question 58

Which of the following projections are used during a cystogram?
1)AP
2)AP oblique
3)Lateral

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 59

Which of the following is true regarding retrograde urography?
1)The ureters must be catheterized.
2)The exam provides little physiologic information.
3)Contrast is injected directly into the pelvicalyceal system.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 60

Which technique is used to get contrast medium into the urinary bladder for a cystogram?

A) Percutaneous technique
B) Physiologic technique
C) Retrograde filling technique
D) Antegrade filling technique

Question 61

Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection during a cystogram?

A) The midcoronal plane
B) A coronal plane 1 inch anterior to the midcoronal plane
C) A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane
D) A coronal plane 2 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane

Question 62

The concave medial border of the kidney where the blood vessels and ureter exit is called the:

A) sinus.
B) hilum.
C) renal pelvis.
D) renal papilla.

Question 63

What type of motion is used to cleanse the skin before venipuncture?

A) Circular
B) Upward
C) Downward
D) "Up-down"

Question 64

Before venipuncture, the skin is cleansed in a circular motion. How much of an area is cleansed?

A) 1-inch circle
B) 2-inch circle
C) 3-inch circle
D) 4-inch circle

Question 65

The vessels most often used for venipuncture are found on the:
1)anterior forearm.
2)posterior hand.
3)ulnar aspect of the wrist.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 66

Which position may be helpful to demonstrate the lower ureters?

A) Fowler's 10 degrees
B) Fowler's 15 to 20 degrees
C) Trendelenburg's 10 degrees
D) Trendelenburg's 15 to 20 degrees

Question 67

IV medications are administered via the _____ system.

A) arterial
B) venous
C) lymphatic
D) arterial and venous

Question 68

Which projection would place the right kidney perpendicular to the IR?

A) Right lateral
B) Right lateral, dorsal decubitus
C) AP oblique, RPO
D) AP oblique, LPO

Question 69

Which of the following is true with regard to the use of injection needles used for venipuncture?
1)Steel needles may be sterilized and used again.
2)The needles may only be used one time.
3)All needles can be sterilized and used again.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 70

What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial urinary bladder?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 10 to 15 degrees caudad
D) 10 to 15 degrees cephalad

Question 71

What is the angle of the needle to the skin's surface during venipuncture?

A) 15 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 50 to 60 degrees

Question 72

After the needle enters the skin during venipuncture, the angle of the needle is reduced how many degrees to the long axis of the vessel?

A) 5 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 15 degrees
D) 20 degrees

Question 73

Which of the following is considered an operative examination?

A) Intravenous pyelography
B) Cystourethrography
C) Intravenous urography
D) Retrograde urography

Question 74

The radiologic technologist may initiate venipuncture and administer medications on the order of:
1)any physician.
2)a registered nurse (RN) supervisor.
3)a radiologic technologist supervisor.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 75

During venipuncture, how far above the site of the puncture is the tourniquet placed?

A) 2 inches
B) 4 inches
C) 5 inches
D) 6 to 8 inches

Question 76

Which projection will demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys during intravenous urography?

A) AP, upright position
B) PA, prone position
C) Lateral
D) Dorsal decubitus

Question 77

What is the central-ray angulation for the AP axial urinary bladder?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 10 to 15 degrees caudad
D) 10 to 15 degrees cephalad

Question 78

Before venipuncture is performed, the radiologic technologist must assess which of the following?
1)Age of the patient
2)Allergic reaction to iodine tincture (if used)
3)Adverse reaction to the medication being administered

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 79

The antiseptic used to cleanse the skin before venipuncture should remain on the skin for:

A) 15 seconds.
B) 30 seconds.
C) 1 minute.
D) 2 minutes.

Question 80

The respiration phase for radiographic images made during intravenous urography is:

A) suspended inspiration.
B) suspended expiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) slow breathing.