Deck 21: Mammography

Question 1

The overall most common cause of death in women is:

A) breast cancer.
B) lung cancer.
C) ovarian cancer.
D) auto accidents.

Answer 1

lung cancer.

Question 2

The most common material used for the target in mammography tubes is:

A) vanadium.
B) rhodium.
C) tungsten.
D) molybdenum.

Answer 2

molybdenum.

Question 3

How many projections are required for a complete examination of both breasts on a patient who has implants?

A) Four
B) Eight
C) Four, depending on the patient's age
D) Eight, depending on the patient's age

Answer 3

Eight

Question 4

Which projection of the breast is performed if the lateral breast tissue is not all seen on the craniocaudal projection?

A) Axillary
B) Caudocranial
C) Exaggerated craniocaudal
D) Craniocaudal (cleavage view)

Question 5

Which of the following terms is also referred to as 3D breast imaging?

A) Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)
B) Breast MRI
C) Full-field digital mammography
D) Breast sonography

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the craniocaudal image of the breast?
1)The nipple should be in profile and at midline.
2)All of the medial breast tissue should be shown.
3)The marker should be positioned along the medial side.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the radiographic examination of the breast?
1)Imaging the posterior breast tissue is critical.
2)Use vigorous compression to produce a uniform breast thickness.
3)Perform positioning of the breast consistently so that lesions can be accurately localized.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

Which breast imaging technique sparked the beginning of widespread population screening for breast cancer?

A) Molybdenum-target tubes
B) Xeromammography
C) High-resolution x-ray film
D) Specialized grids

Question 9

In what year did mammography become the only x-ray examination regulated by the federal government?

A) 1990
B) 1994
C) 1996

Question 10

What is the angle of the central ray for the mediolateral oblique projection of the breast?

A) 25 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 30 to 60 degrees, depending on the angle of the pectoral muscle
D) 45 to 50 degrees, depending on the angle of the pectoral muscle

Question 11

Which of the following describes the placement of the IR holder for the mediolateral oblique projection of the breast?

A) The superior border level with the axilla
B) Perpendicular to the pectoral muscle
C) Parallel with the anterior aspect of the affected upper arm
D) Parallel with the line drawn from the axilla to the xiphoid

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the mediolateral oblique projection of the breast?
1)The central ray enters the superomedial aspect of the breast.
2)The marker is placed along the lower border of the breast.
3)The breast should not droop on the image.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 13

Which projections of the breast are routinely performed during screening mammography?
1)Lateral
2)Craniocaudal
3)Mediolateral oblique

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 14

What is the recommended frequency of mammography for women over age 40?

A) Every 6 months
B) Once a year
C) Every 1 to 2 years
D) Every 3 years

Question 15

The method used to image the breasts of women who have had implants is the:

A) Towne.
B) Eklund.
C) Stecher.
D) Lawrence.

Question 16

For the craniocaudal projection of the breast, the IR holder should be raised to the level of the:

A) nipple.
B) axillary tail.
C) pectoral muscle.
D) inframammary fold.

Question 17

The pectoral muscle is seen on the craniocaudal projection of the breast in what percentage of patients?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 18

Since 1989, death rates from breast cancer have been:

A) dramatically increasing.
B) slowly increasing.
C) relatively unchanged.
D) steadily decreasing.

Question 19

The mean glandular dose for a typical two-projection mammogram done using a screen/IR is _____ mrad.

A) 100
B) 320
C) 400
D) 450

Question 20

MRI is commonly used in mammography for imaging:

A) male patients.
B) patients older than 75.
C) after lumpectomy surgery.
D) the augmented breast.

Question 21

What percent of nonpalpable lesions in the breast are not malignant?

A) 5%
B) 8%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 22

Which of the following projections of the breast will best demonstrate "milk of calcium"?

A) Craniocaudal
B) Mediolateral
C) Mediolateral oblique
D) Lateromedial oblique

Question 23

The arrow in the images below points to a mass with the characteristics of a:

A) benign tumor.
B) malignant tumor.
C) fibrous tissue mass.
D) cystic lesion.

Question 24

What projection is demonstrated in the images below?

A) Craniocaudal
B) Exaggerated craniocaudal
C) Mediolateral oblique
D) Lateromedial

Question 25

The first dedicated mammography machine was introduced in what year?

A) 1945
B) 1950
C) 1960
D) 1967

Question 26

The projection of the breast shown in the figure below is a:

A) mediolateral (ML).
B) lateromedial (LM).
C) mediolateral oblique (MLO).
D) lateromedial oblique (LMO).

Question 27

What type of generators do mammography machines have?

A) Single-phase
B) Three-phase
C) Falling load
D) High frequency

Question 28

Examine the images below. Which mammographic projections are demonstrated?

A) Craniocaudal
B) Caudocranial
C) Mediolateral oblique
D) Lateromedial

Question 29

What percentage of patients in the United States will develop breast cancer during their lifetime?

A) 5%
B) 8%
C) 12%
D) 15%

Question 30

For which projections of the breast would minimal compression be used?

A) All postsurgery projections
B) All magnification projections
C) CC and MLO with displaced implant
D) CC and MLO with full implant

Question 31

For which projection of the breast is the AEC turned off?

A) CC with full implant
B) CC with displaced implant
C) All magnification projections
D) Mediolateral oblique

Question 32

The common kVp used in mammography is:

A) 20.
B) 25.
C) 28.
D) 30.

Question 33

The white line, labeled as X in the images below is the _____ line.

A) posterior nipple
B) pectoralis muscle
C) breast width
D) breast length

Question 34

Which of the following is the essential lateral projection of the breast?

A) 90 degrees lateromedial
B) 90 degrees mediolateral
C) 75 to 90 degrees lateromedial
D) 75 to 90 degrees mediolateral

Question 35

Which projection is used when the lateral portion of the breast is not well seen on the standard CC projection?

A) Lateromedial (LM)
B) Lateromedial oblique (LMO)
C) Mediolateral oblique (MLO)
D) Exaggerated craniocaudal (XCCL)