Deck 19: Foreign Policy and National Defense

Question 1

Anti-Americanism is

A) on the decline.
B) undermining America's soft power.
C) fueling an increase in military spending.
D) a problem that has plagued the United States since the late nineteenth century.
E) None of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following tends to limit the role of public opinion in foreign policy?

A) The complexity of international affairs
B) The committee system in Congress
C) The strong control that the press has over all information
D) The growing number of American citizens with college degrees
E) All of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The decreasing size of the U.S. military means that

A) the United States is incapable of being a world military power.
B) the United States does not have enough men to run its large submarine fleet.
C) the United States military is overstretched.
D) the United States economy is no longer what it was without military spending.
E) None of the above is true.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 19.2 illustrates that

A) the divide between military expenditures has narrowed in recent years.
B) the United States has reduced its military expenditures in recent years.
C) the United States has increased its military expenditures in recent years.
D) the United States clearly spends more on defense than any other nation.
E) None of the above

Question 5

In 2005, the Pew Research Center reported that A anti-Americanism is a relatively new phenomenon.
B) anti-Americanism will decline with a Democratic presidency.
C) anti-Americanism has declined since 9/11.
D) anti-Americanism is deeper and broader now than at any time in modern history.
E) None of the above

Question 6

A small number of national security and executive branch officials

A) decide domestic policy issues.
B) advise the president about international economic issues.
C) define the national interest.
D) authorize the use of force with congressional input.
E) lobby Congress to declare war to enhance U.S. military power.

Question 7

The spread of a country's values, ideology, and way of life to other nations is known as

A) hard power.
B) soft power.
C) superpower.
D) multilateralism.
E) unilateralism.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the preemption theory in foreign policy?

A) The United States may strike first militarily to prevent a military attack on it.
B) The United States may use deadly violence against civilians to further a political goal.
C) The United States may invade other nations but only when the United Nations supports the action.
D) The United States must remain the largest military power in the world to preempt any other nation's interests.
E) The theory refers to the successful attempt of the United States to surpass Russia as the world's only superpower.

Question 9

Which of the following countries is not part of the "Axis of Evil"?

A) Iran
B) Iraq
C) Russia
D) North Korea
E) All of above are part of the Axis of Evil

Question 10

Which of the following enables the United States to field the most powerful armed forces in the world?

A) Its large population
B) Economic strength
C) Democratic ideology
D) The military draft
E) A strong commander in chief

Question 11

The national interest is usually defined by

A) Congress.
B) the American people.
C) a small number of national security advisers and other executive branch officials.
D) the president, alone.
E) All of the above

Question 12

American foreign policymaking

A) has been greatly constrained by Supreme Court decisions.
B) often excludes the general public because of the nature of foreign affairs.
C) is the most democratic aspect of American government.
D) tends to be dominated by Congress.
E) All of the above

Question 13

George W. Bush's 2002 State of the Union address marked a shift in U.S. foreign policy in that

A) America would consult more with its allies before taking actions.
B) America would more often follow the lead of its allies in foreign affairs.
C) America would act without necessarily consulting its allies.
D) he identified Iraq, Russia, and North Korea as part of the Axis of Evil.
E) All of the above

Question 14

Figure 19.1 shows that

A) most U.S. military interventions are lengthy and involve a significant number of troops.
B) the Iraq war to date is the longest military conflict the United States has been in over the last 60 years.
C) most U.S. intervention over the time frame has occurred in the Middle East.
D) most U.S. intervention over the time frame has occurred in the western hemisphere, Central America, and the Caribbean, in particular.
E) the fight in Afghanistan has come to a conclusion.

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT tend to limit the role of public opinion in policymaking?

A) Complexity of international matters
B) Remoteness of international affairs from day-to-day life
C) Unpredictability of other countries' actions
D) Absence of foreign-policy related interest groups
E) None of the above

Question 16

________ is also known as the spread of a country's values, ideology, and way of life to other nations.

A) Multilateral power
B) Authoritative power
C) Cultural power
D) Hard power
E) Soft power

Question 17

The United States' GDP, at

A) $3 trillion, is the largest in the world.
B) over $10 trillion, is the largest in the world.
C) $1 trillion, is second only to that of Japan.
D) $3 trillion, is second only to that of China.
E) less than $3 trillion, is the largest in the world.

Question 18

Which of the following is a factor in a nation's superpower status?

A) Its economic power.
B) Its voter turnout in elections.
C) Whether or not it is a presidential system of government.
D) Whether or not it is a democracy.
E) All of the above

Question 19

The United States is considered a superpower because it

A) has the largest population in the world.
B) has nuclear weapons, and it has the richest population.
C) has nuclear weapons, and it can project its military and economic power anywhere in the world.
D) endured World War II with few casualties and unquestioned military dominance.
E) has never lost a war.

Question 20

Recent public opinion polling reveals that

A) numerous countries believe that the United States does not take other countries' interests into account when making foreign policy.
B) Europeans are generally happy with the direction of U.S. foreign policy.
C) anti-Americanism is on the decline.
D) George W. Bush has been a very popular president throughout the world.
E) None of the above

Question 21

A trade deficit is when

A) a country's GDP exceeds its budget deficit.
B) a country's national debt growth rate exceeds its GDP.
C) a country imports more than it exports.
D) a country exports more than it imports.
E) a country's budget deficit exceeds its GDP.

Question 22

What benefits the nation as a whole is synonymous with

A) the preemptive doctrine.
B) the national interest.
C) the social interest.
D) the public good.
E) the nation's philosophy.

Question 23

Which of the following is a common market formed in order to allow free trade and free population movement among its nations?

A) NAFTA
B) GATT
C) WTO
D) EU
E) NATO

Question 24

Who believes that the United States should use its military and diplomatic power in the world in cooperation with other nations and international organizations?

A) Multilateralists
B) Isolationists
C) Unilateralists
D) Hegemonists
E) Imperialists

Question 25

Which of the following countries has been a long-standing military ally of the United States as part of NATO

A) Georgia
B) Turkey
C) Ukraine
D) Kosovo
E) Bosnia

Question 26

Nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons with the potential to cause vast harm to humans are called

A) elements of asymmetric warfare.
B) weapons of mass destruction.
C) multilateral tools of warfare.
D) unilateral weapons of war.
E) hegemons.

Question 27

The European Union is

A) a military alliance that backs NATO.
B) a common market formed to allow free trade among its members.
C) an example of an international organization that is federalist in its structure.
D) a world trade organization, much like the WTO.
E) incapable of fostering free trade among its members.

Question 28

By the mid-1980s, the United States had a large trade deficit, meaning that Americans

A) were importing more than they were exporting.
B) put up massive tariffs against foreign countries.
C) had invested billions of dollars abroad.
D) were the world's largest creditors.
E) had more government expenditures than tax revenues.

Question 29

The North American Free Trade Agreement was negotiated with

A) Mexico.
B) Canada.
C) Russia.
D) Mexico and Canada.
E) Japan

Question 30

Figure 19.4 illustrates that

A) most Americans complain about foreign aid to other nations.
B) the United States gives the most money overall as aid to foreign nations.
C) the United States gives the most money as a percentage of GDP to aid foreign nations.
D) the United States gives the least money as a percentage of GDP to aid foreign nations.
E) the United States devotes a much smaller percentage of its GDP to aid foreign nations than most other developed countries.

Question 31

The current debate about the United States' role in global affairs centers around which two views?

A) Communism and capitalism
B) Separatism and militarism
C) Unilateralism and multilateralism
D) Isolationism and socialism
E) Capitalism and democracy

Question 32

The role of the United States in global affairs is best described as a debate between

A) unilateralism and multilateralism.
B) socialism and capitalism.
C) democracy and communism.
D) authoritarianism and democracy.
E) unilateralism and democracy.

Question 33

Which of the following is true concerning the disproportionality of US military power in the world?

A) No nation comes close to matching the United States' armored forces.
B) The United States has more submarines than the rest of the world combined.
C) The United States has more aircraft and bombers than the rest of the world combined.
D) The United States' global warfare technology is unrivaled.
E) All of the above

Question 34

Which country could currently be considered a hegemon?

A) The United States
B) Iraq
C) North Korea
D) Syria
E) Iran

Question 35

Figure 19.3 is quite clear that

A) a majority of nations have favorable views of the United States.
B) favorable views of the United States have increased since 1999.
C) favorable views of the United States have declined across all countries listed.
D) Canada continues to have the most favorable view of the United States of any country.
E) Great Britain's favorability has declined the most of any nation.

Question 36

That American businesses can be found almost everywhere in the world is indicative of

A) how American national interests exist worldwide.
B) how the world is generally anti-American.
C) why the war on terrorism is now raging.
D) how the United States has declined as a military power.
E) why the United Nations attempts to restrict U.S. authority.

Question 37

_________ is the use of roadside bombs, rocket-propelled grenades, and sniper rifles to inflict damage.

A) Containment
B) Preemptive war
C) Conventional warfare
D) Asymmetric war
E) Terrorism

Question 38

The World Trade Organization

A) resolves trade disputes between nations.
B) assists developed countries in their efforts to balance world budgets.
C) is an important diplomatic arm of NATO.
D) no longer enforces the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
E) All of the above

Question 39

The Cold War refers to

A) a period of tense confrontations with Germany prior to World War II.
B) the 1980s, when the Soviet Union flexed its muscles in Afghanistan and Nicaragua.
C) the long period after the Vietnam War involving peace negotiations, sporadic American bombing, and a North Vietnamese invasion.
D) the period of tense relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.
E) the period of U.S. foreign policy after the Persian Gulf War.

Question 40

Those who believe that the United States should vigorously use its military and diplomatic power to pursue American national interests in the world on a "go it alone" basis are known as

A) hawks.
B) doves.
C) unilateralists.
D) multilateralists.
E) isolationists.

Question 41

It is believed that Hezbollah is backed by

A) Iran.
B) Iraq.
C) Israel.
D) Saudi Arabia.
E) the United States.

Question 42

Which country is seen as the greatest threat to nuclear proliferation??A) Russia
B) Afghanistan
C) Iraq
D) Pakistan
E) India

Question 43

Initially, the United States

A) has resisted entering agreements to combat global warming.
B) vigorously pursued international agreements on global warming and acid rain.
C) refused to enter into any international agreements about the environment.
D) stopped selling weapons to Third World countries.
E) None of the above

Question 44

Under the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the Clinton administration signed an agreement that

A) allocated additional aid to allies in the Middle East and around the periphery of the former Soviet Union.
B) exerted pressures on European nations to lower hidden barriers to trade and reduce subsidies that hurt American exports.
C) eventually opened the door for creating a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
D) eventually would open more markets to American agricultural products and services.
E) None of the above

Question 45

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is

A) an agreement designed to lower, then eliminate, tariffs on most traded goods.
B) synonymous with NAFTA.
C) a trade agreement between Germany, America, and Trinidad and Tobago.
D) the World Trade Organization.
E) None of the above

Question 46

The United States and European Union support

A) a dominant Israel in the Middle East.
B) giving back the Golan Heights to Syria.
C) a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
D) a one-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
E) Hezbollah in Israel.

Question 47

Who is commander-in-chief of the United States armed forces?

A) Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
B) Secretary of defense
C) The vice president
D) The president
E) The speaker of the house

Question 48

Opening more markets to American agricultural products and services was address during

A) the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement.
B) the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
C) recent developments of the World Trade Organization.
D) the agricultural readjustment negotiations of the European Union.
E) a free trade negotiation between the United States and Colombia.

Question 49

The North American Free Trade Agreement was ratified in

A) 1967.
B) 1979.
C) 1984.
D) 1993.
E) 2002.

Question 50

The bulk of American foreign aid is devoted to

A) food and other humanitarian aid.
B) technological development.
C) the poorest nations.
D) aiding in economic development and humanitarian relief.
E) building military might.

Question 51

The spread of nuclear weapons is also called

A) nuclear armament.
B) a nuclear freeze.
C) nuclear proliferation.
D) weapons of mass destruction.
E) a hegemon.

Question 52

Congress is most likely to be involved in foreign policy decision making

A) during international crises.
B) during times of war.
C) when decisions affect local constituents' interests.
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 53

Millennium Challenge Accounts are tied to performance indicators for things like

A) rule of law.
B) women's rights.
C) property rights protections.
D) government effectiveness.
E) All of the above

Question 54

Unelected and corrupt governments and mass unemployment are

A) important issues that afflict the Middle East.
B) important issues in domestic American politics.
C) the reasons why most presidents are not reelected.
D) problems with U.S. foreign policy throughout the world.
E) important ingredients for the development of democracy.

Question 55

Which president instituted Millennium Challenge Accounts?

A) Reagan
B) Bush
C) Clinton
D) Carter
E) Nixon

Question 56

The ________ is the president's chief arm for getting day-to-day foreign policy information and for carrying out diplomatic activity.

A) Department of State
B) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
C) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
D) Joint Chiefs of Staff
E) Department of Defense

Question 57

The ________ coordinate(s) matters of defense and foreign policy.

A) Department of State
B) National Security Council
C) Joint Chiefs of Staff
D) Department of Defense
E) president

Question 58

A dramatically different form of aid in which across-the-board payments to countries have been replaced by a system in which money to poor countries is tied to a range of performance indicators is called

A) a congressional resolution.
B) a Millennium Challenge Account.
C) an interest-free loan.
D) a hegemon.
E) None of the above

Question 59

Before October 2001, the Taliban was governing in

A) Iraq.
B) Pakistan.
C) Afghanistan.
D) Iran.
E) Saudi Arabia

Question 60

Among other things, the collapse of the Soviet Union led to fears of

A) nuclear proliferation.
B) the beginning of a new cold war.
C) closed trade markets.
D) a NATO expansion.
E) reduced U.S. presence in the world.

Question 61

The Joint Chiefs of Staff is made up of the

A) president, vice-president, secretary of state, secretary of defense, and the national security advisor.
B) civilian heads of the three military departments.
C) military commanders of the three military departments, plus a chairperson.
D) military commanders from each of eight unified commands throughout the world.
E) the president and his advisers.

Question 62

Which of the following statements about nuclear proliferation is true?

A) It is no longer an issue in the world since virtually all nuclear weapons have been secured.
B) There is some evidence that Russian nuclear materials have shown up on the black market.
C) No recent treaties have addressed the issue of nuclear proliferation.
D) The greatest threat to proliferation to date is India.
E) Nuclear proliferation has not been a top priority of the Bush Administration.

Question 63

Which of these is an example of the United States' use of force as the world's only superpower?

A) The United States' deployment of troops in Bosnia as part of a NATO peacekeeping operation.
B) The United States' supplying almost all the pilots, airplanes, ordinance, supplies, and intelligence for the NATO bombing in Kosovo.
C) The United States' involvement in expelling the Taliban from Afghanistan.
D) The United States expelling Iraq from Kuwait after the 1990 invasion.
E) All of the above

Question 64

The Department of State is organized along

A) functional and geographic lines.
B) diplomatic and military lines.
C) diplomatic and geographic lines.
D) intelligence and enforcement lines.
E) enforcement and diplomatic lines.

Question 65

While the Defense Department has historically emphasized military means in foreign policy crises, the State Department has tended to emphasize

A) arms sales.
B) diplomacy.
C) strategic bombing.
D) isolationism.
E) unilateralism.

Question 66

The final line of control over the Department of Defense is under

A) civilian control.
B) military control.
C) economic control.
D) foreign control.
E) None of the above

Question 67

Congress becomes heavily involved with broad issues of defense policy partially because the

A) president tends to defer to Congress on these matters.
B) Department of Defense has no formal say in defense policy.
C) Supreme Court ruled that it must.
D) economies of congressional districts often depend crucially on defense spending.
E) it has the power to declare war.

Question 68

The Cold War took place

A) during the late nineteenth century.
B) between the late 1940s and 1980s.
C) between World War I and World War II.
D) in the early part of the twentieth century.
E) None of the above

Question 69

The ________ intercepts and analyzes foreign messages and breaks foreign codes.

A) Central Intelligence Agency
B) Intelligence Department
C) Q-Bert Agency
D) National Security Agency
E) Department of Defense

Question 70

________ is in charge of satellite surveillance programs for United States intelligence.

A) ConStat
B) The National Reconnaissance Office
C) The Automated Satellite Reconnaissance Intelligence Agency for North America
D) The Central Intelligence Agency
E) Joint Chiefs of Staff

Question 71

In comparison with crisis decision making, broader issues of defense policy involve

A) only the president and his closest advisors.
B) a great deal of input from foreign countries.
C) much more participation by Congress.
D) more secret meetings among presidential advisors.
E) close oversight by the Supreme Court.

Question 72

Which of the following statements are true concerning the aftermath of 9/11?

A) Congressional leaders adamantly opposed presidential actions.
B) The Democratic Party leadership spoke out strongly against the president.
C) Congress took a backseat to presidential authority over national security issues.
D) Congress gave the president virtually everything he wanted on domestic issues.
E) None of the above

Question 73

The Central Intelligence Agency was established in

A) 1864.
B) 1897.
C) 1917.
D) 1947.
E) 1973.

Question 74

According to the authors of your textbook, Americans are least competent on which of the following policy areas?

A) Economic
B) Domestic
C) Foreign
D) Education
E) Energy

Question 75

According to the text Pakistan is a significant threat to nuclear proliferation for each of the following reasons except

A) Pakistan has been in conflict with India, another nuclear power.
B) a Pakistani scientist helped provide North Korea with nuclear technology.
C) it has regions under control by jihadists.
D) it has a security service riddled with people with ties to the Taliban.
E) it has terrorists operating in Kashmir.

Question 76

The ________ run(s) American embassies abroad.

A) Department of Defense
B) National Security Council (NSC)
C) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
D) Department of State
E) Marines

Question 77

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) The president has been willing to play a greater role in foreign policy since the Cold War.
B) Since the 1970s, Congress has repeatedly evoked the War Powers Resolution of 1973.
C) Congress is more likely to challenge the president on foreign policy issues than on any other policy issues.
D) The Supreme Court has ruled that the War Powers Resolution is unconstitutional.
E) Presidents regularly abide by the War Powers Resolution and believe that it is constitutional.

Question 78

The Constitution gives the power to declare war to ________.

A) the Joint Chiefs of Staff
B) Congress
C) the President
D) the Department of Defense
E) All of the above

Question 79

Which of these statements is correct?

A) The constitutional authority to declare war in an emergency situation belongs to the president.
B) Only Congress can declare war.
C) Congress and the president must act together to enact a declaration of war.
D) The U.S. Supreme Court rules on the legality of a declaration of war.
E) The War Powers Act gives authority to presidents to declare war.

Question 80

The ________ was established in 1947 in order to advise the National Security Council, to coordinate all U.S. intelligence agencies, to gather and evaluate intelligence information, and to carry out such additional functions as the NSC directs.

A) Central Intelligence Agency
B) National Reconnaissance Office
C) National Security Agency
D) Defense Intelligence Agency
E) Federal Bureau of Investigation