Deck 1: Critical Thinking and Evidence-Informed Assessment

Question 1

Novice nurses,without a background of skills and experience to draw from,are more likely to make their decisions using:

A)intuition.
B)a set of rules.
C)articles in journals.
D)advice from supervisors.

Answer 1

a set of rules.

Question 2

Which of the following are considered second-level priority problems?

A)Low self-esteem
B)Lack of knowledge
C)Abnormal laboratory values
D)Severely abnormal vital signs

Answer 2

Abnormal laboratory values

Question 3

Which six phases are included in the nursing process?

A)Assessment,treatment,client outcome,evaluation,discharge,follow-up
B)Admission,assessment,outcome identification,diagnosis,treatment,discharge planning
C)Admission,diagnosis,expected outcome,treatment,evaluation,discharge planning
D)Assessment,diagnosis,outcome identification,planning,implementation,evaluation

Answer 3

Assessment,diagnosis,outcome identification,planning,implementation,evaluation

Question 4

Which critical thinking skill helps the nurse recognize relationships among data?

A)Validation
B)Clustering-related cues
C)Identifying gaps in data
D)Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant

Question 5

Critical thinking in the expert nurse is greatly enhanced by opportunities to:

A)apply theory in real situations.
B)work with physicians to provide patient care.
C)follow physician orders in providing patient care.
D)develop nursing diagnoses for commonly occurring illnesses.

Question 6

Expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labelling it.This is referred to as:

A)intuition.
B)the nursing process.
C)clinical knowledge.
D)diagnostic reasoning.

Question 7

The nurse knows that developing appropriate nursing interventions for a patient relies on the appropriateness of the:

A)nursing diagnosis.
B)medical diagnosis.
C)admission diagnosis.
D)collaborative diagnosis.

Question 8

When listening to a patient's breath sounds,the nurse is unsure about a sound that is heard.The nurse should:

A)notify the patient's physician immediately.
B)document the sound exactly as it was heard.
C)validate the data by asking a colleague to listen to the breath sounds.
D)assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a first-level priority problem?

A)A patient with postoperative pain
B)A patient newly diagnosed with diabetes who needs teaching about diabetes
C)An individual with a small laceration on the sole of the foot
D)An individual with shortness of breath and respiratory distress

Question 10

Which of the following statements illustrates the biomedical model of Western traditional views?

A)Health is viewed as the absence of disease.
B)Optimal health is viewed as high-level wellness.
C)Health and disease are considered parts of a cyclical process.
D)The treatment of disease is nursing's primary focus.

Question 11

A newly admitted patient is in acute pain,has not been sleeping well lately,and is having difficulty breathing.How should the nurse prioritize these problems?

A)Breathing,pain,sleep
B)Breathing,sleep,pain
C)Sleep,breathing,pain
D)Sleep,pain,breathing

Question 12

A nursing diagnosis made by a critical thinker using a dynamic nursing process would identify the actual problem and would also:

A)continue to reassess.
B)predict potential problems.
C)check the appropriateness of goals.
D)modify the diagnosis if necessary.

Question 13

A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous,that he is nauseated,and that he "feels hot." This type of data would be:

A)objective.
B)reflective.
C)subjective.
D)introspective.

Question 14

What is the step of the nursing process that includes data collection through health history taking,physical examination,and interview?

A)Planning
B)Diagnosis
C)Evaluation
D)Assessment

Question 15

The public's concept of health has changed since the 1950s.Which of the following statements most accurately describes this change?

A)Lifestyle,personal habits,exercise,and nutrition are essential to health.
B)Assessment of health is critical to identifying disease-causing pathogens.
C)Accurate diagnosis and treatment by a physician are essential for all health care.
D)An individual is considered healthy when signs and symptoms of disease have been eliminated.

Question 16

The patient's record,laboratory studies,objective data,and subjective data together form the:

A)database.
B)admitting data.
C)financial statement.
D)discharge summary.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about nursing diagnoses is true? Nursing diagnoses:

A)evaluate the etiology of disease.
B)are a process based on medical diagnosis.
C)evaluate the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
D)focus on the function and malfunction of a specific organ system in response to disease.

Question 18

Why is the concept of prevention essential in describing health?

A)Disease can be prevented by treating the external environment.
B)Most deaths among Canadians under age 65 are not preventable.
C)Prevention places emphasis on the link between health and personal behaviour.
D)The means to prevention is through treatment provided by primary health care practitioners.

Question 19

Which of the following would be formulated by a nurse using diagnostic reasoning?

A)Nursing diagnosis
B)Medical diagnosis
C)Diagnostic hypothesis
D)Diagnostic assessment

Question 20

After completing an initial assessment on a patient,the nurse has charted that his respirations are eupneic and his pulse is 58.This type of data would be:

A)objective.
B)reflective.
C)subjective.
D)introspective.

Question 21

Which of the following would be included in a total health database for a well person?

A)Nursing goals for the patient
B)Anticipated growth and development patterns
C)A patient's perception of his or her health status
D)The nurse's perception of disease as related to this patient

Question 22

Which of the following best describes a proficient nurse?

A)A nurse who has little experience with a specified population and uses rules to guide performance
B)A nurse who has an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and quickly identifies the accurate solution
C)A nurse who sees actions in the context of daily plans for patients
D)A nurse who sees a patient's situation as a whole,with long-term goals for the patient,rather than as a list of tasks to be performed

Question 23

A patient is brought by ambulance to the emergency department with multiple injuries received in an automobile accident.He is alert and cooperative,but his injuries are quite severe.How should the nurse proceed with the data collection?

A)Collect history information first,perform the physical examination next,and institute lifesaving measures.
B)Ask history questions while performing the examination and initiating lifesaving measures.
C)Collect all information on the history form,including social support patterns,strengths,and coping patterns.
D)Perform lifesaving measures and not ask any history questions until after the patient has been transferred to the critical care unit.

Question 24

A patient is at the clinic to have her blood pressure checked.She has been coming to the clinic weekly since her medications were changed 2 months ago.The nurse should:

A)collect a follow-up database and then check the patient's blood pressure.
B)ask the patient to read her health record and indicate any changes since her last visit.
C)check only the blood pressure because the patient's complete health history was documented 2 months ago.
D)obtain a complete health history before checking the blood pressure because much of the patient's information may have changed.

Question 25

Which of the following situations is most appropriate for an episodic history?

A)A patient's admission to a long-term care facility
B)A patient having sudden,severe shortness of breath
C)A patient's admission to the hospital for surgery the following day
D)A patient having cold and flulike symptoms and seen in an outpatient clinic

Question 26

A visiting nurse is making an initial home visit to a patient who has a number of chronic medical problems.Which type of database is most appropriate to collect in this setting?

A)A follow-up database to evaluate changes at appropriate intervals
B)An episodic database because of the continuing,complex medical problems of this patient
C)A complete health database because of the nurse's primary responsibility for monitoring the patient's health
D)An emergency database because of the need to rapidly collect information and make accurate diagnoses

Question 27

MATCHING
Prioritize the following patient situations:

A teenager who was stung by a bee during a soccer match is having trouble breathing

A) first-level priority problem
B) second-level priority problem
C) third-level priority problem

Question 28

MATCHING
Prioritize the following patient situations:

An older adult with urinary tract infection who is showing signs of confusion and agitation

A) first-level priority problem
B) second-level priority problem
C) third-level priority problem

Question 29

An example of objective information obtained during the physical assessment includes the patient's:

A)history of allergies.
B)use of medications at home.
C)last menstrual period.
D)2 ´ 5 cm scar present on the right forearm.

Question 30

A 42-year-old patient of Asian descent is being seen at the clinic for an initial examination.The nurse knows that it is important to include cultural information in his health assessment to:

A)identify the cause of his illness.
B)make an accurate diagnosis.
C)provide cultural health rights for the individual.
D)provide culturally sensitive and appropriate care.

Question 31

MATCHING
Prioritize the following patient situations:

A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who does not know how to check his own blood glucose levels with a glucometer

A) first-level priority problem
B) second-level priority problem
C) third-level priority problem

Question 32

In the socioenvironmental model,the focus of the health care provider includes:

A)changing the patient's perceptions of disease.
B)identification of biomedical model interventions.
C)identifying the negative health behaviours of the patient.
D)helping the patient view health as a resource.

Question 33

The nurse has implemented several planned interventions to address the nursing diagnosis of acute pain.Which of the following would be the next appropriate action?

A)Establishing priorities
B)Identifying expected outcomes
C)Evaluating the individual's condition and comparing actual outcomes with expected outcomes
D)Interpreting data,identifying clusters of cues,and making inferences

Question 34

When nursing diagnoses are being classified,which of the following would be considered a risk diagnosis?

A)Identifying existing levels of wellness
B)Evaluating previous problems and goals
C)Identifying potential problems the individual may develop
D)Focusing on strengths and reflecting an individual's transition to higher levels of wellness

Question 35

Which of the following statements is a characteristic of the clinical practice guidelines for infants and children for a periodic health examination?

A)They are used to diagnose an illness.
B)They are helpful in identifying developmental delays in children.
C)They recommend that every individual receive an annual physical examination.
D)They list a frequency schedule for periodic health visits for a specific age group.