Deck 1: The Immune Process: the Origin and Interaction Between Antigens and Antibodies

Question 1

Which class of antibodies is generally less efficient at activating complement but may cause extravascular hemolysis or destruction of the red blood cells outside the circulation?

A)IgD
B)IgE
C)IgG
D)IgM

Answer 1

IgG

Question 2

According to the clonal selection theory,lymphocytes are

A)Activated if an antigen binds to its receptors
B)Activated if an immunglobulin binds to its receptors
C)Eliminated if they are bound to antibody
D)Eliminated if they react to self antigens

Answer 2

Activated if an antigen binds to its receptors

Question 3

The cells of the adaptive immune system arise in the

A)Bone
B)Bone marrow
C)Muscle
D)Pancreatic tissue

Answer 3

Bone marrow

Question 4

Adequate time is needed for antigen-antibody reactions to reach equilibrium.The amount of time needed for equilibrium to be reached

A)Is about 30 minutes
B)Is about 60 minutes
C)Is about 90 minutes
D)Varies with each procedure

Question 5

All of the following statements about agglutination are true except

A)Is defined as the aggregation of particulate matter caused by combination with a specific antibody
B)Is the visible endpoint of antigen-antibody reactions for blood bank testing
C)Is an irreversible reaction between antigen and antibody
D)Is thought to be a two-step process

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about the lectin pathway?

A)Involves a recognition unit and an activation phase
B)Is activated in an antibody-independent fashion
C)Is usually triggered by an immunoglobulin-antigen complex
D)Primarily responds to charged and neutral sugars

Question 7

Which is the principal isotype found in mucosal secretions?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgM

Question 8

All of the following statements are true about the second step of the agglutination process except

A)Is dependent upon many factors,including the ionic strength of the test system,pH,and temperature
B)Occurs when antigen and antibody come together to form an immune complex
C)Occurs when antibody cross-links form between red blood cells,creating a lattice
D)Occurs when an antibody is be able to bind to an epitope on each of two different red blood cells

Question 9

When a naive B cell Leᵃves the bone marrow,it has membrane-bound ________ antibody.

A)IgA and IgE
B)IgA and IgM
C)IgD and IgE
D)IgD and IgM

Question 10

All of the following are true about the classical pathway except

A)Begins with formation of C1 from C1q,C1r,and C1s molecules
B)Consists of C5b and C6-C9
C)Is regulated by two mechanisms in the fluid phase
D)Is regulated on cell surfaces with complement control proteins

Question 11

What is the best description of cytokines?

A)Glycoproteins bound to red blood cell membranes
B)Proteins reLeᵃsed by cells that affect the behavior of other cells
C)Small proteins that attract and cause the migration of cells
D)Substances that evoke an immune response

Question 12

All of the following statements about the innate immune system are true except

A)Acts within minutes or hours of exposure to an infectious organism
B)Includes anatomic and cellular defenses
C)Includes humoral and microbiological defenses
D)Is adaptive

Question 13

The term immunogen refers to a substance capable of eliciting the formation of a(n)

A)Antigen
B)Antibody
C)Cytokine
D)Protein

Question 14

Most blood group antibodies react optimally at

A)Either cold or hot temperatures
B)Either cold or warm temperatures
C)Cold temperatures only
D)Hot temperatures only

Question 15

Which is the principle isotype found in blood and extracellular fluid?

A)IgD
B)IgE
C)IgG
D)IgM

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about affinity?

A)Is the sum of all attractive forces between antigens and antibodies
B)Refers to the binding of one or more antigen-binding sites on an antibody to more than one antigenic determinant on a single carrier
C)Refers to the initial force of attraction between one binding site on an antibody molecule and a single epitope of the corresponding antigen
D)Results in increased stability of a reaction

Question 17

Optimal pH has not been determined for immunohematologic testing,but it is generally believed that testing should be performed within what pH range?

A)4.2-5.8
B)5.8-7.5
C)6.8-7.2
D)7.0-8.8

Question 18

Immunoglobulins are roughly _____ -shaped molecules.

A)V
B)W
C)X
D)Y

Question 19

Approximately how many serum proteins are found in the complement system?

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 20

Which scientist proved that infections were caused by microorganisms?

A)Edward Jenner
B)Robert Koch
C)Louis Pasteur
D)Emil von Behring