Deck 6: Other Sensory Systems

Question 1

The amplitude of a sound wave is its intensity.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Pitch is a perception related to which aspect of sound?​

A)amplitude
B)​frequency
C)​intensity
D)across-fiber pattern coding

Answer 2

​frequency

Question 3

Following exposure to painful stimuli,brain activation is limited to the somatosensory cortex.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Conductive deafness is primarily a problem with the auditory nerve.

Question 5

​What occurs to a tone as the frequency increases?

A)Pitch gets higher.
B)​Pitch gets lower.
C)​Loudness increases.
D)Loudness decreases.

Question 6

Itching appears to be a type of pain message.

Question 7

Amusia refers to impaired detection of frequency changes.​

Question 8

Surrounding the primary auditory cortex are additional auditory areas,in which cells respond more to changes in sounds than to any prolonged sound.​

Question 9

The vestibular organ consists of the saccule,utricle,and three semicircular canals.​

Question 10

What is the intensity of a sound wave called?​

A)frequency
B)​loudness
C)​amplitude
D)tone

Question 11

Phase differences are useful for detecting localization of low frequency sounds.​

Question 12

Adaptation occurs quickly to pheromones.​

Question 13

Taste receptors are continually being replaced.

Question 14

According to the place theory,the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a piano in that each area along the membrane is tuned to a specific frequency.

Question 15

The ____ of a sound is the number of compressions per second.​

A)pitch
B)​frequency
C)​amplitude
D)loudness

Question 16

What is the perception of the intensity of a sound wave called?​

A)pitch
B)​frequency
C)​amplitude
D)loudness

Question 17

The pinna helps us identify the location of a sound.​

Question 18

The Pacinian corpuscle detects sudden displacements or high-frequency vibrations on the skin.

Question 19

The structures within the ear amplify the sound waves coming into the ear.​

Question 20

There are hundreds of different types of olfactory receptors.​

Question 21

The current view of how we perceive high frequencies is based on ____.​

A)the frequency of responses by each auditory neuron
B)​volleys of responses by many auditory neurons
C)​where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly
D)the ratio of firing among three types of receptors

Question 22

Where are the auditory receptor cells located?​

A)in the semicircular canal
B)​on the tympanic membrane
C)​on the basilar membrane
D)in the malleus

Question 23

According to the frequency theory,the ____.​

A)tectorial membrane vibrates in synchrony with the auditory nerve
B)​auditory nerve is responsible for perception of sound but not loudness
C)​basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency
D)basilar membrane is tuned to a specific frequency and vibrates whenever that frequency is present

Question 24

Loudness is to ____ as pitch is to ____.​

A)frequency; intensity
B)​amplitude; frequency
C)​pitch; tone
D)amplitude; intensity

Question 25

Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes ____.​

A)movement of the pinna
B)​hair cells to displace
C)​vibrations of the eardrum
D)vestibular input

Question 26

Perception of a low tone is to ____ as perception of a high tone is to ____.​

A)volley principle; frequency theory
B)​frequency theory; place theory
C)​place theory; volley principle
D)gate theory; frequency theory

Question 27

The scala media makes up part of the ____.​

A)tympanic membrane
B)​middle ear
C)​cochlea
D)ossicles

Question 28

The eardrum vibrates at ____.​

A)a much higher frequency than the sound waves that hit it
B)​half the frequency of the sound waves that hit it
C)​the same frequency as the sound waves that hit it
D)a constant frequency regardless of the frequency of the sound

Question 29

Why is it important for sound vibrations to be amplified as they pass through the ear?​

A)The inner membrane gets less sensitive with age.
B)​More force is needed to create waves in fluid.
C)​Much of the vibration is lost in the eardrum.
D)Too much is lost through friction.

Question 30

The fact that the various parts of the basilar membrane are tightly bound together is problematic for which of the following?​

A)frequency theory only
B)​place theory only
C)​volley theory only
D)both the frequency theory and the place theory

Question 31

What is the major problem for the frequency theory of sound perception?​

A)It cannot account for perception of low pitch sounds.
B)​It cannot account for perception of low amplitude sounds.
C)​It requires the cochlea to vibrate, and it does not.
D)It requires that neurons respond as quickly than they are able to do.

Question 32

The scala vestibuli makes up part of the ____.​

A)tympanic membrane
B)​cochlea 
C)​middle ear
D)ossicles

Question 33

In the auditory system,hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to ____.​

A)mechanical displacement
B)​electromagnetic energy
C)​chemicals
D)vestibular input

Question 34

The eardrum is also known as the ____.​

A)pinna
B)​ossicle
C)​tympanic membrane
D)cochlea

Question 35

The tympanic membrane connects to three tiny bones that transmit the vibrations to the ____.​

A)cochlea
B)​pinna
C)​oval window
D)hair cells

Question 36

The structure that we commonly refer to as the ear (on the outside of the head)is formally known as the ____.​

A)tympanic membrane
B)​stapes
C)​pinna
D)malleus

Question 37

How do sound waves ultimately result in the production of receptor potentials?​

A)The tectorial membrane squeezes the auditory nerve.
B)​The basilar membrane releases neurotransmitters.
C)​Hair cells in the cochlea vibrate, causing ion channels to open in their membrane.
D)The scala vestibuli has receptors that create action potentials.

Question 38

The fact that the refractory period limits the firing rate of a neuron is problematic for which of the following?​

A)frequency theory only
B)​place theory only
C)​volley theory only
D)both the frequency theory and the place theory

Question 39

The current view of how we perceive sounds less than 100 Hz is based on ____.​

A)the frequency of action potentials
B)​the area along the basilar membrane that responds most strongly
C)​volleys of responses
D)the asymmetrical positioning of an individual's ears

Question 40

Three small bones connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window.What is the function of these bones?​

A)They hold the tympanic membrane in place.
B)​They convert airwaves into waves of greater pressure.
C)​They spread out the air waves over an area of larger diameter.
D)They change the frequency of air waves into lower frequencies that can be heard.

Question 41

Conductive deafness is also known as ____.​

A)nerve deafness
B)​middle ear deafness
C)​inner ear deafness
D)outer ear deafness

Question 42

The ability to hear a note and identify it perfectly is called ____.​

A)ultimate pitch
B)​sharp pitch
C)​tonal pitch
D)absolute pitch

Question 43

What kind of deafness is the result of damage to the cochlea or the hair cells?​

A)conductive
B)​nerve
C)​temporary
D)hysterical

Question 44

Visual imagery is to ____ as auditory imagery is to ____.​

A)A1; A1
B)​V1; V1
C)​area MT; A1
D)V1; A1

Question 45

What does the vestibular system detect?​

A)the degree of stretch of muscles
B)​vibrations on the skin
C)​the location of sounds
D)movement of the head

Question 46

Which ability would be most impaired with damage to the vestibular senses?​

A)writing
B)​hearing
C)​visually tracking an object while dancing
D)discriminating salt from sugar

Question 47

Timing differences can be used most accurately for localizing ____.​

A)sudden-onset sounds
B)​gradual-onset sounds
C)​loud sounds
D)bird alarm calls

Question 48

What sound characteristics can be compared between the two ears to locate the source of the sound?​

A)sound shadows and frequency
B)​frequency and amplitude
C)​loudness and timing
D)timbre and rhythm

Question 49

Tinnitus may be ____.​

A)suffered by those with conductive deafness
B)​seen in the very young
C)​due to a phenomenon like the phantom limb
D)due to differential loudness

Question 50

Which of the following is true for nerve deafness?​

A)It is usually temporary.
B)​It often can be corrected by surgery.
C)​It will involve a normal cochlea and auditory nerve.
D)It can result from damage to the cochlea.

Question 51

A sound shadow refers to ____.​

A)out of phase sound waves
B)​in phase sound waves
C)​the time it takes sound waves to reach the ears
D)how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound

Question 52

Damage to V1 produces ____ and damage to A1 produces ____.​

A)blindness; complete deafness
B)​complete deafness; blindness
C)​blindness; deafness to complex sounds
D)blindness; ringing in the ears

Question 53

To what lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent?​

A)occipital
B)​temporal
C)​parietal
D)frontal

Question 54

Humans localize low frequencies by ____ differences and high frequencies by ____ differences.​

A)timing; phase
B)​loudness; phase
C)​phase; timing
D)phase; loudness

Question 55

Patients with damage in area MT have problems with perception of ____.​

A)location of sounds
B)​location of objects
C)​movement of objects and sounds
D)high frequency sounds

Question 56

Areas bordering the primary auditory cortex are important for ____.​

A)detecting loudness of sounds
B)​analyzing the meaning of sounds
C)​determining location of sounds
D)detecting pitch of sounds

Question 57

Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in ____.​

A)difficulty in responding to sequences of sounds
B)​complete deafness
C)​tone deafness
D)inability to hear sounds other than one's own voice

Question 58

Most auditory information is sent to which hemisphere of the brain?​

A)the ipsilateral side
B)​the contralateral side
C)​the left hemisphere
D)It depends on whether the individual is dominant for audition in the right or the left hemisphere

Question 59

In terms of sound localization,low frequencies are to ____ differences,as high frequencies are to ____ differences.​

A)timing; phase
B)​loudness; phase
C)​phase; timing
D)phase; loudness

Question 60

A tonotopic map refers to a(n)____.​

A)auditory cortex map of sounds
B)​diagram of which kinds of sounds are most common in different parts of the world
C)​diagram comparing the different tones to which different species are sensitive
D)map showing connections between the auditory cortex and the visual cortex

Question 61

What kind of receptors detect pain,warmth,and cold?​

A)cranial
B)​semicircular
C)​vestibular
D)somatosensory

Question 62

Each spinal nerve has ____.​

A)either a sensory or a motor component
B)​both a sensory and a motor component
C)​connections to most parts of the body
D)connections to each of the major internal organs

Question 63

Which two structures provide information about vestibular sensation?​

A)cochlea and otolith organs
B)​semicircular canals and cochlea
C)​semicircular canals and otolith organs
D)cerebellum and sinuses

Question 64

Along each strip of somatosensory cortex,different sub-areas respond to ____.

A)different types of receptors
B)​different areas of the body
C)​different parts of the cortex
D)different types of transmitters

Question 65

An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex would most have problems with ____.​

A)memory 
B)​hearing
C)​ability to locate where they are being touched
D)balance

Question 66

An acceleration of the head at any angle causes ____.​

A)the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to move to another canal
B)​the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells
C)​fluid to spill out from the otolith organs into the semicircular canals
D)hair cells to become stiff and straight

Question 67

Which statement is TRUE of various types of somatosensation?​

A)They are produced by varied responses by a single type of receptor.
B)​They involve different receptors, but the spinal cord integrates the information
C)​They remain separate through the spinal cord, but are interpreted by a single set of cortical neurons.
D)They are at least partly distinct all the way from the receptors to the cerebral cortex.

Question 68

In the otolith organs,the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that ____.​

A)push against hair cells when moved
B)​vibrate with different frequencies
C)​stabilize the semicircular canals
D)enhance sound localization

Question 69

Stimulation of a touch receptor opens ____ channels in the axon.​

A)choline 
B)​potassium
C)​sodium
D)calcium

Question 70

Ruffini's endings are ____.​

A)elaborate neuron endings for touch
B)​simple, bare neuron endings
C)​bare endings surrounded by non-neural cells
D)important components of the blood

Question 71

The somatosensory system involves sensation of ____.​

A)sight and sound
B)​sound and touch
C)​the body and its movements
D)the head and movements of the eyes

Question 72

Somatosensory information travels from the thalamus to which area of the cortex?​

A)parietal lobe 
B)​frontal lobe
C)​hippocampus
D)limbic cortex

Question 73

Pain receptors of the skin are ____.​

A)elaborate neuron endings
B)​also known as Ruffini endings
C)​simple, bare neuron endings
D)also known as Meissner's corpuscles

Question 74

The eighth cranial nerve contains both a(n)____ component and a ____ component.​

A)vestibular; somatosensory
B)​visual; vestibular
C)​auditory; taste
D)auditory; vestibular 

Question 75

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to ____.​

A)rapid mechanical pressure
B)​low frequency sounds
C)​horizontal head movements
D)slow mechanical movements

Question 76

Meissner's corpuscles are ____.​

A)elaborate neuron endings for touch
B)​simple, bare neuron endings
C)​bare endings surrounded by non-neural cells
D)important components of the blood

Question 77

What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain?​

A)dopamine
B)​serotonin
C)​substance P
D)encephalin

Question 78

When mechanical pressure bends the membrane of a Pacinian corpuscle,____.​

A)the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions increases
B)​the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions decreases
C)​the membrane becomes hyperpolarized
D)there is a sustained, long-term response to this pressure

Question 79

What is a dermatome?​

A)an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve
B)​an instrument used to record impulses in the spinal cord
C)​the point at which sensory nerves make contact with motor nerves
D)an area of the skin that has no touch receptors

Question 80

The ____ nucleus of the thalamus is associated with pain perception of the body.​

A)anterior 
B)​posterior  
C)​ventral posterior  
D)ventral lateral