Deck 34: Endocrine Control

Question 1

A hormone that prevents release of a different hormone by its target endocrine cells is called a(n) _____ hormone.

A) ​releasing
B) ​inhibiting
C) ​amino acid-derived
D) ​steroid
E) ​peptide

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A simple way of thinking about the action of a steroid hormone on its target cell is that it _____.

A) requires no admission to enter​
B) ​must find a friend to accompany it in
C) ​can go right in but the admission price is high
D) ​must find a friend to accompany it in and the admission price is high
E) ​must know the right password to enter and to exit

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 34.5A
​

Use the posterior pituitary function illustration above to answer the following three questions.
The releasing site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Peptide and protein hormones are polar molecules that ____.

A) ​inhibit the effect of nonpolar hormones
B) alter the effect of certain genes​
C) ​bind to a receptor at the cell membrane
D) ​move directly across the cell membrane and enter the nucleus
E) ​form ATP

Question 5

Figure 34.6

Which gland is associated with seasonal biorhythms?​

A) ​pineal
B) ​parathyroid
C) ​thymus
D) ​pituitary
E) ​thymus

Question 6

Figure 34.6

What is the most likely cause of the excessive growth exhibited by the person in the center of the accompanying figure?

A) ​pituitary tumor
B) ​lack of GH receptor response
C) ​low levels of rhGH
D) ​cretinism
E) ​Laron syndrome

Question 7

One reason that atrazine, an herbicide in use for more than 40 years, is an environmental problem is that it ____.

A) ​raises the level of air pollution
B) poses a substantial contribution to greenhouse gases
C) ​disrupts the stratospheric ozone level
D) ​is responsible for the extinction of bee colonies
E) ​is an endocrine disrupter and can reduce reproductive capacity in aquatic animals

Question 8

Which statement is true for most steroid hormones?​

A) ​They dissolve readily in the blood.
B) ​They have no trouble entering their target cells.
C) ​They find and react with surface receptor molecules.
D) ​They cannot easily enter a target cell.
E) ​They developed from amino acids.

Question 9

The production of sex hormones in humans increases ____.

A) ​during fetal development
B) ​during teenage years
C) ​during pregnancy
D) ​at puberty
E) ​at birth

Question 10

Figure 34.5A
​

Use the posterior pituitary function illustration above to answer the following three questions.
Signals that stimulate the release of hormone molecules are carried along the component indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 11

An important reason that the nervous system and the endocrine systems are closely linked is _____​

A) ​neurons and endocrine cells develop from an embryo's ectodermal layer
B) ​produce the same outcomes
C) ​are regulated by the adrenal cortex
D) ​are homologous
E) ​are regulated by the brain

Question 12

Figure 34.5A
​

Use the posterior pituitary function illustration above to answer the following three questions.
The hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are ____.

A) peptide hormones
B) ​neurotransmitters
C) ​steroid hormones
D) ​second messengers
E) ​polar

Question 13

A thyroid disorder in which an excess of thyroid hormone is produced, causing anxiety, insomnia, heat intolerance, weight loss, and tremors is known as ____.

A) ​hypothyroidism
B) ​goiters
C) ​cretinism
D) ​Graves' disease
E) ​Hashimoto's disease

Question 14

The hypothalamus secretes ____.

A) ​adrenaline
B) ​prolactin
C) ​antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
D) ​luteinizing hormone
E) ​growth hormone

Question 15

Because a steroid hormone is nonpolar, it ____.

A) ​must be transported across a cell membrane with a receptor molecule
B) ​is equipped with specific receptor molecules
C) ​can dissolve in blood
D) ​can diffuse directly across a cell membrane
E) ​is an inhibiting hormone

Question 16

Which type of hormone releases cyclic AMP as a second messenger?​

A) ​peptide only
B) ​steroid only
C) ​protein only
D) ​peptide and protein only
E) ​peptide, steroid, and protein

Question 17

If excessive growth hormone secretion occurs during adulthood, the result is called ____.

A) ​Laron syndrome
B) ​gigantism
C) ​dwarfism
D) ​acromegaly
E) ​rhGH

Question 18

Which hormone causes a decrease in fat storage and an increase in synthesis of muscle proteins?​

A) ​growth hormone
B) ​oxytocin
C) ​prolactin
D) ​adrenaline
E) ​epinephrine

Question 19

Figure 34.5A
​

Use the posterior pituitary function illustration above to answer the following three questions.
The synthesis site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 20

Which endocrine gland is the main center for control of the internal environment?​

A) ​pineal
B) ​hypothalamus
C) ​thyroid
D) ​adrenal cortex
E) ​thalamus

Question 21

A decrease in cortisol triggers a negative feedback loop and causes release of _____.

A) ​FSH
B) ​cortisol
C) ​corticotropin releasing hormone
D) ​luteinizing hormone
E) ​TSH

Question 22

The thymus plays an important role in ____.

A) ​secretion of thyroxine
B) ​immune function
C) ​adrenal function
D) ​production of testosterone
E) ​sleep-wake cycles

Question 23

Figure 34.10

The woman in the above photograph has been afflicted by ____.

A) ​low iodine in the diet
B) ​hypothyroidism
C) ​vitamin D deficiency
D) ​testosterone excess
E) ​progesterone deficiency

Question 24

The pancreatic secretions governing glucose levels are precisely controlled by ____.

A) ​neural connections to the pancreas
B) ​a positive feedback loop
C) ​cooperative interactions
D) ​a negative feedback loop
E) ​releasing factors

Question 25

Insulin and glucagon work together to maintain optimum levels of ____ in the blood.

A) ​glycogen
B) ​glucose
C) ​alpha cells
D) ​thyroxine
E) ​digestive enzymes

Question 26

A decrease in blood glucose from skipping a meal will cause the ____ to secrete glucagon which will cause the ____ to break down glycogen into glucose.

A) ​liver; pancreas
B) ​pancreas; gall bladder
C) ​spleen; pancreas
D) ​pancreas; spleen
E) ​pancreas; liver

Question 27

Which statement best describes type 1 diabetes?​

A) ​Near normal insulin levels are maintained.
B) ​Beta cells are hyperactive.
C) ​It is the more common form of diabetes.
D) ​It is thought to be an autoimmune disease.
E) ​It often occurs as a result of obesity.

Question 28

Melatonin secretion influences ____.

A) ​secondary sex characteristics
B) ​glucagon production
C) ​adrenal function
D) ​seasonal affective disorder
E) ​Graves' disease

Question 29

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
adrenal cortex

Question 30

Thymus activity decreases with age but this doesn't affect aging individuals unless they are ____.

A) ​going through menopause
B) ​suffering from a thyroid disorder
C) ​over 60
D) ​suffering from cancer
E) ​infected by HIV

Question 31

Which of the following is a secondary sexual trait?​

A) ​ovulation in females
B) ​production of semen in males
C) ​facial hair in males
D) ​ovaries in a female
E) ​testes in males

Question 32

_____ is a hormone that triggers the gonads to release sex hormones.

A) ​Estrogen
B) ​Testosterone
C) ​Progesterone
D) ​Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
E) ​Luteinizing hormone

Question 33

A normally functioning pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that causes cells to ____.

A) ​produce glucagon
B) ​take up and store glucose
C) ​synthesize protein
D) ​break down glucose
E) ​produce glucagon

Question 34

One effect of type 1 diabetes is ____.

A) ​ketosis
B) ​storage of proteins
C) ​secretion of pancreatic juices
D) ​metabolism of glucose
E) ​fat storage

Question 35

Illness, stress, or anxiety override the negative feedback loop that regulates ____, thus causing its level to soar.

A) ​cortisol
B) ​somatotropin
C) ​insulin
D) ​prolactin
E) ​parathyroid hormone

Question 36

Activities that disrupt the production of melatonin at night also may cause ____.

A) ​heart disease
B) ​cancer
C) ​increasing gonadal output
D) ​pancreas reduction
E) ​too much sleep

Question 37

Ecdysone, a steroid hormone, controls ____.

A) ​the menstrual cycle
B) ​molting in arthropods
C) ​the wake-sleep cycle
D) ​the formation of hormone receptors
E) ​the formation of sperm

Question 38

Ecdysone, or chemicals that mimic ecdysone, are sometimes used as ____.

A) ​insecticides
B) ​fungicides
C) ​herbicides
D) ​fungicides and nematocides
E) ​fertilizers

Question 39

Figure 34.10

Dietary hypothyroidism has been decreased in recent years by the use of ____.

A) ​vitamin D
B) ​multivitamins
C) ​Penicillin
D) ​thyroxin injections
E) ​iodized salt

Question 40

The three stress hormones are _____.

A) ​cortisol, FSH, and LH
B) ​epinephrine, cortisol, and FSH
C) ​norepinephrine, cortisol, and FSH
D) ​epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol
E) ​epinephrine, norepinephrine, and FSH

Question 41

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
exocrine glands

Question 42

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.​pituitary
b.​adrenal
c.​pancreas
d.​thyroid
e.​thymus
Insulin is produced in this gland.

Question 43

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
anterior lobe of pituitary

Question 44

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
hypothalamus

Question 45

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
adrenal medulla

Question 46

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
parathyroid gland

Question 47

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
pituitary gland

Question 48

​Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.​estrogen
b.​luteinizing hormone
c.​somatotropin
d.​oxytocin
e.​antidiuretic hormone
This hormone induces protein synthesis and cell division in young animals.

Question 49

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
thymus gland

Question 50

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
posterior lobe of pituitary

Question 51

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
thyroid gland

Question 52

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
gonad

Question 53

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
pineal gland

Question 54

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.​pituitary
b.​adrenal
c.​pancreas
d.​thyroid
e.​thymus
Antidiuretic hormone is released from this gland.

Question 55

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.​pituitary
b.​adrenal
c.​pancreas
d.​thyroid
e.​thymus
Oxytocin is released from this gland.

Question 56

​Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.​estrogen
b.​luteinizing hormone
c.​somatotropin
d.​oxytocin
e.​antidiuretic hormone
The mammary glands are the target for this hormone.

Question 57

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.​pituitary
b.​adrenal
c.​pancreas
d.​thyroid
e.​thymus
This gland produces a hormone that directly controls development and helps control metabolic rate.

Question 58

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.​pituitary
b.​adrenal
c.​pancreas
d.​thyroid
e.​thymus
This gland is the target for corticotropin (ACTH).

Question 59

​Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Choices are used only once.
a.​secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b.​secrete insulin and glucagon
c.​secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d.​involved in lymphocyte maturation
e.​secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f.​secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g.​secretes melatonin
h.​two-lobed structure adjacent to the hypothalamus
i.​releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
j.​secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
k.​produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
l.​secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
m.​secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
pancreatic islets

Question 60

​Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.​estrogen
b.​luteinizing hormone
c.​somatotropin
d.​oxytocin
e.​antidiuretic hormone
This hormone controls water retention and loss.

Question 61

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.​adrenal cortex
b.​ovary
c.​pineal
d.​parathyroid
e.​thymus
This gland controls circadian rhythms

Question 62

When blood glucose is low, __________ is secreted, which calls for the liver to break down glycogen.

Question 63

parathyroid gland

Question 64

adrenal glands

Question 65

ovaries

Question 66

thyroid gland

Question 67

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.​adrenal cortex
b.​ovary
c.​pineal
d.​parathyroid
e.​thymus
This gland secretes a hormone that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 68

thymus

Question 69

​Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.​estrogen
b.​luteinizing hormone
c.​somatotropin
d.​oxytocin
e.​antidiuretic hormone
The kidneys are the target for this hormone.

Question 70

At one time, the pituitary was known as the 'master gland'. Explain why this name is both fitting and misplaced.

Question 71

testes

Question 72

pineal gland

Question 73

pituitary gland

Question 74

pancreas

Question 75

hypothalamus

Question 76

All vertebrates have a(n) __________ system of secretory glands and cells.

Question 77

​Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.
a.​estrogen
b.​luteinizing hormone
c.​somatotropin
d.​oxytocin
e.​antidiuretic hormone
Uterine contractions are induced by this hormone.

Question 78

Binding of a protein hormone may lead to formation of a(n) __________, which relays a signal into the cell.

Question 79

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.​adrenal cortex
b.​ovary
c.​pineal
d.​parathyroid
e.​thymus
Progesterone is produced by this gland.

Question 80

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. Choices may be used more than once or not at all.?

-Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by this gland.

A)?adrenal cortex
B)?ovary
C)?pineal
D)?parathyroid
E)?thymus