Deck 36: Circulation

Question 1

Circulation in the accompanying diagram functions primarily as a(n) ____.

A) ​an open circulatory system
B) ​system consisting of mostly of tissue spaces
C) ​closed circulatory system
D) ​interstitial fluid system
E) ​three-directional system

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which hormone, made by the kidney, is necessary for red blood cell production by bone marrow?​

A) ​erythropoietin
B) ​hemoglobin
C) ​insulin
D) ​erythrocytes
E) ​leucocytes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) _____.

A) ​are not as effective as CPR for starting a heart stopped by sudden cardiac arrest
B) ​are not as effective as CCR for starting a heart stopped by sudden cardiac arrest
C) ​require medical personnel to administer
D) ​are not yet readily available in public places
E) ​improve survival from sudden cardiac arrest

Answer 3

E

Question 4

​

Use the figure above to answer the following three questions.
The human heart ____.

A) ​contracts as a result of electrical stimuli from the sinoatrial node
B) ​contracts only as a result of nerve stimulation from the central nervous system
C) ​is activated primarily through the autonomic nervous system
D) ​contracts as a result of electrical stimuli from the atrioventricular node
E) is independent of all nervous control​

Question 5

Most of the oxygen in the blood is transported by ____.

A) ​erythropoietin
B) ​prothrombin
C) ​platelets
D) ​hemoglobin
E) ​leukocytes

Question 6

Hemostasis involves which blood component?

A) ​basophils
B) ​platelets
C) ​phagocytes
D) ​monocytes
E) ​neutrophils

Question 7

All vertebrates except ____ have a two-circuit circulatory system.

A) ​fish
B) ​mammals
C) ​birds
D) ​amphibians
E) ​reptiles

Question 8

​

Use the figure above to answer the following three questions.
The anatomical structure identified with the letter "D" in the accompanying figure is the ____.

A) ​myocardium
B) pulmonary veins​
C) ​inferior vena cava
D) ​right atrium
E) heart apex​

Question 9

​

Use the figure above to answer the following three questions.
The anatomical structure identified with the letter "R" in the figure above is the ____.

A) ​pericardium
B) ​cardiac muscle
C) ​inferior vena cava
D) ​right atrium
E) heart apex​

Question 10

Figure 36.2A

Circulation in the above diagram functions primarily as a(n) ____.

A) ​closed circulatory system
B) ​open circulatory system
C) ​semi-closed circulatory system
D) ​system of exchange using capillaries
E) ​continuous system of vessels

Question 11

Which statement is true about sudden cardiac arrest?​

A) ​It happens about 20,000 times annually in the United States.
B) ​It is usually caused by a birth defect when it happens in people aged 36 or younger.
C) ​Its survival rate can be increased by performing a tracheotomy
D) ​It occurs only in the elderly.
E) ​Its survival rate increases about 10% through the use of CPR.

Question 12

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
In the human pulmonary circuit, blood passes through which of the following?

A) ​liver
B) ​limbs
C) ​lungs
D) ​digestive organs
E) ​brain

Question 13

Red blood cells are also known as ____.

A) ​erythrocytes
B) ​neutrophils
C) ​lymphocytes
D) ​eosinophils
E) ​macrophages

Question 14

​

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Oxygen-poor blood circulates through the component(s) labeled as ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) A, C, and E​

Question 15

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
A circulatory system that allows some mixing of oxygenated and oxygen-poor blood is indicated by the letter(s) ____.

A) ​A only
B) ​B only
C) ​C only
D) ​A and B only
E) ​B and C only

Question 16

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
A fish circulatory system is indicated by the letter (s) ____.

A) ​A only
B) ​B only
C) ​C only
D) ​both A and B
E) ​both B and C

Question 17

____ are phagocytes that engulf bacteria and cellular debris.

A) ​Eosinophils
B) ​Leucocytes
C) ​Monocytes
D) ​Platelets
E) ​Neutrophils

Question 18

In an open circulatory system, the fluid pumped is called ____.

A) ​hemoglobin
B) ​lymphatic fluid
C) ​hemolymph
D) ​blood
E) ​capillary fluid

Question 19

​

Use the figure above to answer the following three questions.
The anatomical structure identified with the letter "H" in the accompanying figure is the ____.

A) ​myocardium
B) ​pulmonary veins
C) ​inferior vena cava
D) ​right atrium
E) heart apex​

Question 20

A heart with three chambers, one atrium, and two ventricles is shared by _____.

A) ​reptiles and mammals
B) ​reptiles and amphibians
C) ​amphibians and mammals
D) ​birds and mammals
E) ​birds and reptiles

Question 21

The anatomical structure shown in the accompanying figure is of ____.

A) ​venous valves
B) ​pulmonary veins
C) ​the inferior valve
D) ​the right myocardial sac
E) the heart apex​

Question 22

​

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The valve between "C" and "E" is the ____.

A) ​right AV valve
B) ​pulmonary vein
C) left AV valve​
D) ​pulmonary valve
E) aortic valve​

Question 23

Blood in arteries ____.

A) ​travels to arterioles
B) ​travels away from the heart only if it is oxygenated
C) ​always travels toward the heart
D) ​travels from the lungs
E) is always oxygenated​

Question 24

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
This blood component engulfs bacteria and cellular debris.

Question 25

At rest, veins hold about ____ percent of the body's blood.

A) 40​
B) ​50
C) ​60
D) ​70
E) 80​

Question 26

​

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
_____ is known as a cardiac pacemaker.

A) ​Diastole
B) ​Systole
C) ​Cardiac muscle
D) ​SA node
E) AV node​

Question 27

Irregular heart beat is known as _____.

A) ​tachycardia
B) ​arrhythmia
C) ​bradycardia
D) ​atrial fibrillation
E) hypertension​

Question 28

​

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Reduced quantity of red blood cells results in ____.

A) ​ventricular fibrillation
B) ​hypertension
C) ​leukemia
D) ​anemia
E) a stroke​

Question 29

One important function of the lymphatic system is to _____.

A) ​move bile from the gall bladder to the small intestine
B) ​drain plasma proteins and deliver them to the kidney to be excreted
C) ​deliver fats absorbed from food in the small intestine to the blood
D) ​produce red blood cells
E) produce white blood cells​

Question 30

The _____ drains the upper part of the body.

A) ​right lymphatic duct
B) ​spleen
C) ​tonsils
D) ​thoracic duct
E) lymphocyte duct​

Question 31

Blood velocity is fastest in the ____.

A) ​arteries
B) ​arterioles
C) capillaries​
D) venules​
E) veins​

Question 32

Small molecules can move between capillaries and interstitial fluid by _____​

A) ​passive transport
B) ​active transport
C) endocytosis​
D) ​diffusion
E) exocytosis​

Question 33

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
This blood component contains hemoglobin.

Question 34

​

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The anatomical structure identified with the letters "B" and "E" in the figure above is the ____.

A) ​arterial wall
B) ​lumen
C) ​venous wall
D) ​capillary wall
E) connective tissue​

Question 35

​

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The anatomical structure identified with the letter "C" in the accompanying figure illustrates ____.

A) ​sickle-cell anemia
B) ​leukemia
C) ​atherosclerotic plaque
D) ​bone cancer
E) polycythemia​

Question 36

A typical systolic pressure for a normal adult is ____.

A) ​60 mm Hg
B) ​80 mm Hg
C) ​100 mm Hg
D) ​120 mm Hg
E) 140 mm Hg​

Question 37

Blood is moved efficiently through the veins and back to the heart is by ____.

A) ​one way valves to prevent backflow
B) ​sphincter muscles to prevent backflow
C) ​contraction of the ventricles
D) ​contraction of the atria
E) blood pooling in the capillary bed​

Question 38

Blood pressure is highest in the _____.

A) ​arterioles
B) ​capillaries
C) ​arteries
D) ​venules
E) veins​

Question 39

Blood usually continues on from arterioles to ____ in its travel through the human body.

A) ​other arterioles
B) ​venules
C) ​arteries
D) ​veins
E) capillaries​

Question 40

Which of these statements about hypertension is true?​

A) ​Blood pressure is less than 120/80.
B) ​Poor diet and lack of regular exercise puts one at increased risk.
C) ​Sickle-cell anemia often accompanies this condition.
D) ​Most Americans with the condition seek treatment.
E) Atherosclerosis is another name for this condition.​

Question 41

Do arteries always carry highly oxygenated blood? Explain your answer.

Question 42

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
This stimulates red bloodcell production by bone marrow.

Question 43

An individual has an issue with their red blood cells. Are they most likely to have an issue with their immunity, oxygen transport, or hemostasis? Explain your answer.

Question 44

Red blood cells, also known as __________, contain the hemoglobin that functions in rapid transport of oxygen.

Question 45

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
Blood passes to the lungs from this structure.

Question 46

Chart the path of blood through the heart, including the valves passed.

Question 47

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
Deoxygenated blood exits the heart from this structure.

Question 48

The __________ circuit carries blood from the heart to body tissues, and then returns it to the heart.

Question 49

The SA node, also known as the __________ spontaneously generates the action potentials that set the pace for cardiac contractions.

Question 50

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
__________ fills spaces between cells.

Question 51

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
Blood is pumped to the majority of the body by this structure.

Question 52

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
Oxygenated blood enters the heart via this structure.

Question 53

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
Blood from the superior and inferior vena cava enters the heart via this structure.

Question 54

__________ is mostly water in which diverse ions and molecules are dissolved.

Question 55

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
Oxygen is transported throughout the body by this blood component.

Question 56

Why is the number used to demonstrate total cholesterol not sufficient for describing one's cardiac health risk?​

Question 57

​Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart listed below.
a.​right atrium
b.​left atrium
c.​left ventricle
d.​right ventricle
This blood component helps to transport steroid hormones.

Question 58

The __________ gland produces hormones and is the site where __________ (a kind of white blood cell) mature.