Deck 39: Digestion and Nutrition

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Question
<strong>  Which of the following is an accessory organ of the human digestive system?​</strong> A) ​salivary gland B) ​esophagus C) ​stomach D) ​small intestine E) large intestine​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the human digestive system?​

A) ​salivary gland
B) ​esophagus
C) ​stomach
D) ​small intestine
E) large intestine​
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Question
<strong>  The following three questions refer to the figure above. Which of the following enzymes digests starches?​</strong> A) ​pepsin B) ​catalase C) ​amylase D) ​lipase E) trypsin​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following three questions refer to the figure above.
Which of the following enzymes digests starches?​

A) ​pepsin
B) ​catalase
C) ​amylase
D) ​lipase
E) trypsin​
Question
<strong>  The following three questions refer to the figure above. The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the ____.</strong> A) ​mouth B) ​esophagus C) ​stomach D) ​small intestine E) colon​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following three questions refer to the figure above.
The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the ____.

A) ​mouth
B) ​esophagus
C) ​stomach
D) ​small intestine
E) colon​
Question
<strong>  Use the figure above to answer the following two questions. An empty stomach increases its secretion of ____ to stimulate the appetite.</strong> A) ​pepsinogen B) ​ghrelin C) ​gastric fluid D) ​chyme E) serosa​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the figure above to answer the following two questions.
An empty stomach increases its secretion of ____ to stimulate the appetite.

A) ​pepsinogen
B) ​ghrelin
C) ​gastric fluid
D) ​chyme
E) serosa​
Question
The enzyme that digests protein is ____.

A) ​ghrelin
B) ​chyme
C) ​pepsin
D) ​sulfuric acid
E) lipase​
Question
A specialization of the stomach that aids in grinding for animals that lack teeth is the ____.

A) ​crop
B) ​rumen
C) ​cloaca
D) ​gizzard
E) esophagus​
Question
Food is moved through the digestive system by ____.

A) ​sphincters
B) ​accessory organs
C) ​smooth muscle contractions
D) ​movement of villi
E) skeletal muscle contractions
Question
. <strong>.   Use the figure above to answer the following question The structure designated by the letter B in the above figure is called the ____.</strong> A) ​pyloric sphincter B) ​esophagus C) ​small intestine D) ​duodenum E) appendix​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the figure above to answer the following question
The structure designated by the letter "B" in the above figure is called the ____.

A) ​pyloric sphincter
B) ​esophagus
C) ​small intestine
D) ​duodenum
E) appendix​
Question
. <strong>.   Use the figure above to answer the following question What are the smallest projections of the small intestine wall?​</strong> A) ​microvilli B) ​cilia C) ​villi D) ​brush border cells E) duodena​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the figure above to answer the following question
What are the smallest projections of the small intestine wall?​

A) ​microvilli
B) ​cilia
C) ​villi
D) ​brush border cells
E) duodena​
Question
<strong>  The storage organ indicated by the letter C is called the ____.</strong> A) ​mouth B) ​crop C) ​gizzard D) ​rumen E) cloaca​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The storage organ indicated by the letter "C" is called the ____.

A) ​mouth
B) ​crop
C) ​gizzard
D) ​rumen
E) cloaca​
Question
Which statement about digestion in ruminants is FALSE?​

A) ​Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food.
B) ​Food materials are re-chewed.
C) ​Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to digestive enzymes.
D) ​Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans.
E) Ruminants have a single but disproportionately large stomach.​
Question
<strong>  Use the figure above to answer the following two questions. The teeth designated by the letter B in the above figure are called ____.</strong> A) ​canines B) ​premolars C) ​incisors D) ​molars E) wisdom teeth​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the figure above to answer the following two questions.
The teeth designated by the letter "B" in the above figure are called ____.

A) ​canines
B) ​premolars
C) ​incisors
D) ​molars
E) wisdom teeth​
Question
Contractions of the stomach muscles ____.

A) ​decrease following a heavy meal
B) ​move chyme to the small intestine
C) ​begin the digestion of protein
D) ​begin the digestion of lipids
E) close the pyloric sphincter​
Question
Preliminary digestion of carbohydrates begins in the _____.

A) ​mouth
B) ​esophagus
C) ​stomach
D) ​duodenum
E) jejunum​
Question
<strong>  The following three questions refer to the figure above. A blood vessel is indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) ​B C) C​ D) ​D E) E​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following three questions refer to the figure above.
A blood vessel is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) C​
D) ​D
E) E​
Question
<strong>  The letter F indicates the ____.</strong> A) ​mouth B) ​crop C) ​gizzard D) ​intestines E) cloaca​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The letter "F" indicates the ____.

A) ​mouth
B) ​crop
C) ​gizzard
D) ​intestines
E) cloaca​
Question
<strong>  The following three questions refer to the figure above. A villus are indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) ​B C) C​ D) ​D E) E​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following three questions refer to the figure above.
A villus are indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) C​
D) ​D
E) E​
Question
Large gut populations of Bifidobacterium are associated with ____.

A) ​peptic ulcers
B) irritable bowel syndrome​
C) ​gastroesophageal reflux disease
D) ​improved immune function
E) increased vital capacity​
Question
Helicobacter pylori has been associated with ____.

A) ​irritable bowel syndrome
B) ​duodenal ulcers
C) ​peptic ulcers
D) ​HPV
E) GERD​
Question
<strong>  Use the figure above to answer the following two questions. The teeth designated by the letter D in the above figure are called ____.</strong> A) ​canines B) ​premolars C) ​incisors D) ​molars E) wisdom teeth​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the figure above to answer the following two questions.
The teeth designated by the letter "D" in the above figure are called ____.

A) ​canines
B) ​premolars
C) ​incisors
D) ​molars
E) wisdom teeth​
Question
An example of insoluble fiber is ____.

A) ​glucose
B) ​starch
C) ​cellulose
D) ​sucrose
E) phospholipids
Question
When the production of glucose exceeds what the body needs, it is stored as _____ or used to synthesize fats.

A) ​urea
B) ​bile
C) ​adipose cells
D) ​glycogen
E) ​amylase
Question
Bile helps in the digestion of _____.

A) ​carbohydrates
B) ​fats
C) ​carbohydrates
D) ​proteins
E) nucleic acids​
Question
Nutrient absorption mostly happens in the ____.

A) ​stomach
B) ​small intestine
C) ​colon
D) ​pancreas
E) esophagus​
Question
Obese people have a greater risk of four of the following. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​type 1 diabetes
B) ​colon cancer
C) ​high blood pressure
D) ​breast cancer
E) heart disease​
Question
Escherichia coli grows in the large intestine and is instrumental in making ____.

A) ​vitamin B₁₂
B) ​bile
C) ​vitamin K
D) ​lipase
E) vitamin C​
Question
Most fluid that enters the digestive system is absorbed through the ____.

A) ​stomach
B) ​pancreas
C) ​small intestine
D) ​lymph vascular system
E) large intestine​
Question
Which is an example of a monounsaturated fat?​

A) ​butter
B) ​olive oil
C) ​coconut oil
D) ​vegetable oil
E) omega-6 fatty acids
Question
Constipation can be caused by all of the following except ____.

A) ​emotional stress
B) ​a low-fiber diet
C) ​a sedentary lifestyle
D) ​dehydration
E) bacterial infections
Question
An example of a fat-soluble vitamin is ____.

A) ​vitamin C
B) ​thiamin
C) ​riboflavin
D) ​vitamin K
E) folic acid​
Question
Vitamin C ____.

A) ​helps blood to clot
B) ​is needed to make collagen
C) ​is used to create coenzymes
D) ​is fat soluble
E) protects cell membranes​
Question
What is a source of omega-3-fatty acids?​

A) ​nuts
B) ​olive oil
C) ​meat
D) ​fish
E) butter​
Question
Which enzyme(s) digest nucleic acids?​

A) ​pepsins
B) ​disaccharidases
C) ​aminopeptidase
D) ​pancreatic nucleases
E) amylase​
Question
Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in ____.

A) ​producing thyroid hormone
B) ​nerve function
C) ​intercellular signaling
D) ​supporting the hemoglobin molecule
E) maintaining the cell membrane​
Question
Lipase is synthesized in the ____.

A) ​pancreas
B) ​small intestine
C) ​large intestine
D) ​stomach
E) liver​
Question
Which enzymes from the pancreas function in the small intestine to digest proteins?​

A) ​amylases
B) ​lipases
C) ​trypsin and chymotrypsin
D) ​bile acids
E) disaccharidases​
Question
In addition to being an energy source, fats are used to make _____.

A) amino acids​
B) ​nucleic acids
C) ​steroids
D) ​skin cells
E) carbohydrates​
Question
Body mass index (BMI) is an indirect measurement of ____.

A) ​caloric intake
B) ​energy utilization
C) ​basal metabolic weight
D) ​age
E) body fat​
Question
Organic molecules found in plant foods that reduce the risk of certain disorders are known as ____.

A) ​vitamins
B) ​essential amino acids
C) ​minerals
D) ​phytochemicals
E) lipids​
Question
Bile is made in the ____.

A) ​gall bladder
B) ​pancreas
C) ​liver
D) ​small intestine
E) spleen​
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
pepsin
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
mucosa​
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
amylase​
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
cud
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
ruminants​
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
gastric fluid
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
amino- and carboxypeptidase​
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
chyme​
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
peristalsis
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
serosa​
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
trypsin​
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
sphincter
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
disaccharidase
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
sphincter​
Question
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
bile salts
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
The digestion of cellulose occurs in this part of the digestive system of the pronghorn antelope.
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
lipase
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
bile
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
gastrin​
Question
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
monosaccharides
Question
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   liver<div style=padding-top: 35px>
liver
Question
​Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.​salivary glands
b.​stomach mucosa
c.​intestinal mucosa
d.​pancreas​
The enzyme pepsin is produced there.
Question
​Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.​salivary glands
b.​stomach mucosa
c.​intestinal mucosa
d.​pancreas​
The enzyme carboxypeptidase is produced there.
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
This organ absorbs about 80 percent of the water that enters the human body, either as fluids or as part of food being eaten.
Question
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   pharynx<div style=padding-top: 35px>
pharynx
Question
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   small intestine<div style=padding-top: 35px>
small intestine
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
Short tubular projection of the large intestine.
Question
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   stomach<div style=padding-top: 35px>
stomach
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
Enzymatic digestion of proteins occurs primarily in this organ.
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
Bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and lecithin are stored by this organ.
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
A deficiency of this vitamin causes Beri beri​
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin is a coenzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and is obtained from meats and starchy vegetables.
Question
​Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.​salivary glands
b.​stomach mucosa
c.​intestinal mucosa
d.​pancreas​
The fat-digesting enzyme, lipase, is formed there.
Question
​Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.​salivary glands
b.​stomach mucosa
c.​intestinal mucosa
d.​pancreas​
The peptide-digesting enzyme, aminopeptidase, is produced there.
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin functions in carbohydrate metabolism.
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
A deficiency of this vitamin causes anemia and neurological disorders and is a coenzyme important in amino acid synthesis.
Question
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin is a component of the coenzyme NAD.
Question
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   oral cavity<div style=padding-top: 35px>
oral cavity
Question
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   esophagus​<div style=padding-top: 35px>
esophagus​
Question
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   salivary glands​<div style=padding-top: 35px>
salivary glands​
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Deck 39: Digestion and Nutrition
1
<strong>  Which of the following is an accessory organ of the human digestive system?​</strong> A) ​salivary gland B) ​esophagus C) ​stomach D) ​small intestine E) large intestine​
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the human digestive system?​

A) ​salivary gland
B) ​esophagus
C) ​stomach
D) ​small intestine
E) large intestine​
A
2
<strong>  The following three questions refer to the figure above. Which of the following enzymes digests starches?​</strong> A) ​pepsin B) ​catalase C) ​amylase D) ​lipase E) trypsin​
The following three questions refer to the figure above.
Which of the following enzymes digests starches?​

A) ​pepsin
B) ​catalase
C) ​amylase
D) ​lipase
E) trypsin​
C
3
<strong>  The following three questions refer to the figure above. The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the ____.</strong> A) ​mouth B) ​esophagus C) ​stomach D) ​small intestine E) colon​
The following three questions refer to the figure above.
The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the ____.

A) ​mouth
B) ​esophagus
C) ​stomach
D) ​small intestine
E) colon​
D
4
<strong>  Use the figure above to answer the following two questions. An empty stomach increases its secretion of ____ to stimulate the appetite.</strong> A) ​pepsinogen B) ​ghrelin C) ​gastric fluid D) ​chyme E) serosa​
Use the figure above to answer the following two questions.
An empty stomach increases its secretion of ____ to stimulate the appetite.

A) ​pepsinogen
B) ​ghrelin
C) ​gastric fluid
D) ​chyme
E) serosa​
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5
The enzyme that digests protein is ____.

A) ​ghrelin
B) ​chyme
C) ​pepsin
D) ​sulfuric acid
E) lipase​
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6
A specialization of the stomach that aids in grinding for animals that lack teeth is the ____.

A) ​crop
B) ​rumen
C) ​cloaca
D) ​gizzard
E) esophagus​
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7
Food is moved through the digestive system by ____.

A) ​sphincters
B) ​accessory organs
C) ​smooth muscle contractions
D) ​movement of villi
E) skeletal muscle contractions
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8
. <strong>.   Use the figure above to answer the following question The structure designated by the letter B in the above figure is called the ____.</strong> A) ​pyloric sphincter B) ​esophagus C) ​small intestine D) ​duodenum E) appendix​
Use the figure above to answer the following question
The structure designated by the letter "B" in the above figure is called the ____.

A) ​pyloric sphincter
B) ​esophagus
C) ​small intestine
D) ​duodenum
E) appendix​
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9
. <strong>.   Use the figure above to answer the following question What are the smallest projections of the small intestine wall?​</strong> A) ​microvilli B) ​cilia C) ​villi D) ​brush border cells E) duodena​
Use the figure above to answer the following question
What are the smallest projections of the small intestine wall?​

A) ​microvilli
B) ​cilia
C) ​villi
D) ​brush border cells
E) duodena​
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10
<strong>  The storage organ indicated by the letter C is called the ____.</strong> A) ​mouth B) ​crop C) ​gizzard D) ​rumen E) cloaca​
The storage organ indicated by the letter "C" is called the ____.

A) ​mouth
B) ​crop
C) ​gizzard
D) ​rumen
E) cloaca​
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11
Which statement about digestion in ruminants is FALSE?​

A) ​Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food.
B) ​Food materials are re-chewed.
C) ​Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to digestive enzymes.
D) ​Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans.
E) Ruminants have a single but disproportionately large stomach.​
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12
<strong>  Use the figure above to answer the following two questions. The teeth designated by the letter B in the above figure are called ____.</strong> A) ​canines B) ​premolars C) ​incisors D) ​molars E) wisdom teeth​
Use the figure above to answer the following two questions.
The teeth designated by the letter "B" in the above figure are called ____.

A) ​canines
B) ​premolars
C) ​incisors
D) ​molars
E) wisdom teeth​
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13
Contractions of the stomach muscles ____.

A) ​decrease following a heavy meal
B) ​move chyme to the small intestine
C) ​begin the digestion of protein
D) ​begin the digestion of lipids
E) close the pyloric sphincter​
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14
Preliminary digestion of carbohydrates begins in the _____.

A) ​mouth
B) ​esophagus
C) ​stomach
D) ​duodenum
E) jejunum​
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15
<strong>  The following three questions refer to the figure above. A blood vessel is indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) ​B C) C​ D) ​D E) E​
The following three questions refer to the figure above.
A blood vessel is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) C​
D) ​D
E) E​
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16
<strong>  The letter F indicates the ____.</strong> A) ​mouth B) ​crop C) ​gizzard D) ​intestines E) cloaca​
The letter "F" indicates the ____.

A) ​mouth
B) ​crop
C) ​gizzard
D) ​intestines
E) cloaca​
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17
<strong>  The following three questions refer to the figure above. A villus are indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) ​B C) C​ D) ​D E) E​
The following three questions refer to the figure above.
A villus are indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) C​
D) ​D
E) E​
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18
Large gut populations of Bifidobacterium are associated with ____.

A) ​peptic ulcers
B) irritable bowel syndrome​
C) ​gastroesophageal reflux disease
D) ​improved immune function
E) increased vital capacity​
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19
Helicobacter pylori has been associated with ____.

A) ​irritable bowel syndrome
B) ​duodenal ulcers
C) ​peptic ulcers
D) ​HPV
E) GERD​
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20
<strong>  Use the figure above to answer the following two questions. The teeth designated by the letter D in the above figure are called ____.</strong> A) ​canines B) ​premolars C) ​incisors D) ​molars E) wisdom teeth​
Use the figure above to answer the following two questions.
The teeth designated by the letter "D" in the above figure are called ____.

A) ​canines
B) ​premolars
C) ​incisors
D) ​molars
E) wisdom teeth​
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21
An example of insoluble fiber is ____.

A) ​glucose
B) ​starch
C) ​cellulose
D) ​sucrose
E) phospholipids
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22
When the production of glucose exceeds what the body needs, it is stored as _____ or used to synthesize fats.

A) ​urea
B) ​bile
C) ​adipose cells
D) ​glycogen
E) ​amylase
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23
Bile helps in the digestion of _____.

A) ​carbohydrates
B) ​fats
C) ​carbohydrates
D) ​proteins
E) nucleic acids​
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24
Nutrient absorption mostly happens in the ____.

A) ​stomach
B) ​small intestine
C) ​colon
D) ​pancreas
E) esophagus​
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25
Obese people have a greater risk of four of the following. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​type 1 diabetes
B) ​colon cancer
C) ​high blood pressure
D) ​breast cancer
E) heart disease​
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26
Escherichia coli grows in the large intestine and is instrumental in making ____.

A) ​vitamin B₁₂
B) ​bile
C) ​vitamin K
D) ​lipase
E) vitamin C​
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27
Most fluid that enters the digestive system is absorbed through the ____.

A) ​stomach
B) ​pancreas
C) ​small intestine
D) ​lymph vascular system
E) large intestine​
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28
Which is an example of a monounsaturated fat?​

A) ​butter
B) ​olive oil
C) ​coconut oil
D) ​vegetable oil
E) omega-6 fatty acids
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29
Constipation can be caused by all of the following except ____.

A) ​emotional stress
B) ​a low-fiber diet
C) ​a sedentary lifestyle
D) ​dehydration
E) bacterial infections
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30
An example of a fat-soluble vitamin is ____.

A) ​vitamin C
B) ​thiamin
C) ​riboflavin
D) ​vitamin K
E) folic acid​
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31
Vitamin C ____.

A) ​helps blood to clot
B) ​is needed to make collagen
C) ​is used to create coenzymes
D) ​is fat soluble
E) protects cell membranes​
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32
What is a source of omega-3-fatty acids?​

A) ​nuts
B) ​olive oil
C) ​meat
D) ​fish
E) butter​
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33
Which enzyme(s) digest nucleic acids?​

A) ​pepsins
B) ​disaccharidases
C) ​aminopeptidase
D) ​pancreatic nucleases
E) amylase​
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34
Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in ____.

A) ​producing thyroid hormone
B) ​nerve function
C) ​intercellular signaling
D) ​supporting the hemoglobin molecule
E) maintaining the cell membrane​
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35
Lipase is synthesized in the ____.

A) ​pancreas
B) ​small intestine
C) ​large intestine
D) ​stomach
E) liver​
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36
Which enzymes from the pancreas function in the small intestine to digest proteins?​

A) ​amylases
B) ​lipases
C) ​trypsin and chymotrypsin
D) ​bile acids
E) disaccharidases​
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37
In addition to being an energy source, fats are used to make _____.

A) amino acids​
B) ​nucleic acids
C) ​steroids
D) ​skin cells
E) carbohydrates​
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38
Body mass index (BMI) is an indirect measurement of ____.

A) ​caloric intake
B) ​energy utilization
C) ​basal metabolic weight
D) ​age
E) body fat​
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39
Organic molecules found in plant foods that reduce the risk of certain disorders are known as ____.

A) ​vitamins
B) ​essential amino acids
C) ​minerals
D) ​phytochemicals
E) lipids​
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40
Bile is made in the ____.

A) ​gall bladder
B) ​pancreas
C) ​liver
D) ​small intestine
E) spleen​
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41
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
pepsin
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42
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
mucosa​
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43
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
amylase​
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k this deck
44
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
cud
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k this deck
45
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
ruminants​
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k this deck
46
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
gastric fluid
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k this deck
47
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
amino- and carboxypeptidase​
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48
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
chyme​
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49
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
peristalsis
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50
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
serosa​
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51
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
trypsin​
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k this deck
52
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
sphincter
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53
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
disaccharidase
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k this deck
54
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
sphincter​
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k this deck
55
​Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.​a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomach
b.​ring of muscles that open and close to control passageways
c.​thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.​a regurgitated ball of food particles
e.​emulsify fat globules
f.​have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.​interior lining of stomach
h.​gastric inhibitory peptide
i.​mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
j.​a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomach
bile salts
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56
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
The digestion of cellulose occurs in this part of the digestive system of the pronghorn antelope.
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57
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
lipase
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k this deck
58
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
bile
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k this deck
59
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
gastrin​
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k this deck
60
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.​
a.​made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.​glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.​made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.​made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.​made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugars
f.​made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.​contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.​made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.​stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.​circular muscle; acts like valve
monosaccharides
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61
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   liver
liver
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62
​Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.​salivary glands
b.​stomach mucosa
c.​intestinal mucosa
d.​pancreas​
The enzyme pepsin is produced there.
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63
​Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.​salivary glands
b.​stomach mucosa
c.​intestinal mucosa
d.​pancreas​
The enzyme carboxypeptidase is produced there.
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64
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
This organ absorbs about 80 percent of the water that enters the human body, either as fluids or as part of food being eaten.
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65
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   pharynx
pharynx
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66
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   small intestine
small intestine
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67
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
Short tubular projection of the large intestine.
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68
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   stomach
stomach
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69
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
Enzymatic digestion of proteins occurs primarily in this organ.
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70
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.​
a.​stomach
b.​gallbladder
c.​small intestine
d.​appendix
e.​large intestine
Bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and lecithin are stored by this organ.
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71
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
A deficiency of this vitamin causes Beri beri​
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72
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin is a coenzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and is obtained from meats and starchy vegetables.
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73
​Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.​salivary glands
b.​stomach mucosa
c.​intestinal mucosa
d.​pancreas​
The fat-digesting enzyme, lipase, is formed there.
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74
​Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.​salivary glands
b.​stomach mucosa
c.​intestinal mucosa
d.​pancreas​
The peptide-digesting enzyme, aminopeptidase, is produced there.
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75
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin functions in carbohydrate metabolism.
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76
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
A deficiency of this vitamin causes anemia and neurological disorders and is a coenzyme important in amino acid synthesis.
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77
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.​
a.​Vitamin B₁
b.​Vitamin B₂
c.​Niacin
d.​Vitamin B₆
e.​Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin is a component of the coenzyme NAD.
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78
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   oral cavity
oral cavity
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79
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   esophagus​
esophagus​
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80
Figure 39.4

Figure 39.4 ​   salivary glands​
salivary glands​
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