Deck 21: Protists - the Simplest Eukaryotes

Question 1

The term "plankton" ____.

A) ​refers to a taxonomic division of algae
B) ​is a common term for microscopic organisms that drift or swim weakly in water
C) ​includes only multicellular forms
D) ​refers to small aquatic plants
E) ​would apply to large brown algae

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Red tides and extensive fish kills are caused by population blooms of ____.

A) ​Euglena
B) ​specific dinoflagellates
C) ​diatoms
D) ​Plasmodium
E) ​fish

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What occurs when a photosynthetic protist is taken up by a heterotrophic protist and evolves into a chloroplast?​

A) ​multicellularity
B) ​primary endosymbiosis
C) ​colonialism
D) ​chloroplasty
E) ​secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which group is most closely related to fungi?​

A) ​radiolarians
B) ​stramenopiles
C) ​alveolates
D) ​choanoflagellates
E) ​oomycetes

Question 5

In ciliates, the ____ is used for ____.

A) ​gullet; digestion
B) ​cilia; flexible support
C) ​pellicle; digestion
D) ​contractile vacuole; food gathering
E) ​pellicle; water balance

Question 6

Which group is most distantly related to green algae?​

A) ​ciliates
B) ​dinoflagellates
C) ​diplomonads
D) ​apicomplexans
E) ​diatoms

Question 7

The causative agents of Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness are ____.

A) ​trypanosomes
B) ​euglenoids
C) ​hydrogenosomes
D) ​diplomonads
E) ​parabasalids

Question 8

In a life cycle that exhibits ____, the only diploid cell is the zygote.

A) ​alternation of generations
B) ​haploid-dominance
C) ​heterotrophism
D) ​endosymbiosis
E) ​diploid-dominance

Question 9

Figure 21.11
​

The organism in the accompanying figure belongs to which group?​

A) ​excavates
B) ​alveolates
C) ​stramenopiles
D) ​green algae
E) ​rhizarians

Question 10

Figure 21.9

What is NOT a characteristic of radiolarians?

A) ​They have perforated shells of calcium carbonate.
B) ​They form part of the plankton.
C) ​They use pseudopods for feeding.
D) ​They have vacuoles that impart buoyancy.
E) ​They are heterotrophic protists.

Question 11

Protists cause four of the following diseases. Which one is the exception??​

A) ​dysentery
B) ​neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
C) ​malaria
D) ​AIDS
E) ​trichomonas infections of the reproductive tract

Question 12

Figure 21.5

Four of the following are true of euglenoids. Which statement is false?

A) ​Many move by pseudopods.
B) ​Many contain chloroplasts.
C) ​Many absorb nutrients from their environment in a heterotrophic manner.
D) ​Their cell body is surrounded by a pellicle.
E) ​They use a contractile vacuole to maintain water balance.

Question 13

What type of cells do the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium infect?​

A) ​blood only
B) ​liver only
C) ​brain only
D) ​both blood and liver
E) ​blood, liver, and brain

Question 14

Which feature is shared by euglenoids and kinetoplastids?​

A) ​an eyespot
B) flagellated
C) ​photoautotrophy
D) ​parasitic existence
E) ​marine and freshwater habitats

Question 15

Figure 21.11
​

What feature is common to all the alveolates?​

A) ​autotrophy
B) ​lung-like sacs used for respiration
C) ​bioluminescence
D) ​complex life cycle with two hosts
E) ​membrane-bound sacs beneath the plasma membrane

Question 16

Four of the statements about malaria are true. Which one is FALSE?​

A) ​It is caused by an evolving organism.
B) ​It is transmitted from person to person by the bite of a mosquito.
C) ​Its mortality rate is linked to the allele for sickle cell anemia.
D) ​Its greatest mortality rate is in Africa.
E) Its occurrencein the United States can be traced to ineffective mosquito spraying in the southern states.

Question 17

Figure 21.9

The organism in the accompanying figure belongs to which group?​

A) ​excavates
B) ​alveolates
C) ​stramenopiles
D) ​green algae
E) rhizarians

Question 18

Figure 21.5

The organism in the accompanying figure belongs to which group?

A) ​excavates
B) ​alveolates
C) ​stramenopiles
D) ​green algae
E) ​amoebozoans

Question 19

Four of the following are shared characteristics of parabasalids and diplomonads. Which is the exception?

A) ​heterotrophy
B) ​flagella
C) ​oxygen-poor or anaerobic habitats
D) ​abundant mitochondria
E) ​presence of a pellicle

Question 20

The ____ gives structure to many unwalled, single-celled protists.

A) ​contractile vacuole
B) ​pellicle
C) ​Golgi body
D) ​endoplasmic reticulum
E) ​nucleus

Question 21

Figure 21.21

Which pigment(s) is/are characteristic of chlorophytes?

A) ​chlorophyll a
B) ​phycobilins
C) ​chlorophyll b
D) fucoxanthin
E) ​chlorophylls a and b

Question 22

The red algae are classified as ____.

A) ​rhodophytes
B) ​chlorophytes
C) ​phaeophytes
D) ​bryophytes
E) ​pterophytes

Question 23

Land plants are thought to be most closely related to the ____.

A) ​chlorophyte algae
B) ​red algae
C) ​charophyte algae
D) ​brown algae
E) ​euglenoids

Question 24

Figure 21.15
​

Refer to the accompanying figure for questions .
At which stage does the Plasmodium (malaria) parasite reproduce asexually and mature into merozoites?​

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 25

Figure 21.15
​

Refer to the accompanying figure for questions .
Within one or two weeks after infection with Plasmodium, ruptured liver cells release _____ and cellular debris into the host's bloodstream, causing fever and weakness characteristic of malaria.

A) ​sporozoites
B) ​merozoites
C) ​Anopheles mosquitoes
D) ​gametocytes
E) zygotes

Question 26

Most freshwater algae belong to which group?​

A) ​red algae
B) ​green algae
C) ​brown algae
D) ​golden algae
E) ​blue-green algae

Question 27

Portion of Figure 21.17
​

Refer to the accompanying figure for questions
The organism shown in the accompanying figure belongs to the ____ group.

A) ​kinetoplastids
B) ​diplomonads
C) ​green algae
D) ​red algae
E) ​brown algae

Question 28

Figure 21.17A

The kelp shown in the accompanying figure represents the ____ stage in its life cycle.

A) ​spore-bearing
B) ​gamete-forming
C) ​haploid
D) ​motile
E) ​feeding

Question 29

Figure 21.21

Gametes are formed at stage ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 30

Portion of Figure 21.17
​

Refer to the accompanying figure for questions
Which letter points to the counterpart of a stem in a flowering plant?

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 31

Choanoflagellates are most closely related to the ____.

A) ​land plants
B) ​animals
C) ​mold
D) ​bacteria
E) ​slime molds

Question 32

Four of the following are true about the amoebozoans. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​They are shape shifters.
B) ​They include the amoebas.
C) ​They are the closest known relatives of animals.
D) ​They include species that are able to form pseudopods.
E) ​They include the slime molds.

Question 33

Figure 21.17A

Four of the following are true about water molds. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​Water mold is responsible for the Irish potato famine.
B) ​Some species are aquatic parasites.
C) ​Most act as decomposers.
D) ​Their filaments are composed of haploid cells.
E) ​They are heterotrophs.

Question 34

Choanoflagellates are ____.

A) ​heterotrophs
B) ​chemoautotrophs
C) ​autotrophs
D) ​phototrophs
E) ​halotrophs

Question 35

Diatoms are used for four of the following. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​biofuels
B) ​ink
C) ​filters
D) ​cleaners
E) ​insecticides

Question 36

Chloroplasts of red algae may have evolved from ancient endosymbiotic ____.

A) ​cyanobacteria
B) ​dinoflagellates
C) ​apicomplexans
D) ​archaeans
E) ​nitrifying bacteria

Question 37

Red algae ____.

A) ​are primarily marine organisms
B) ​are thought to have developed from green algae
C) ​contain xanthophylls as their main accessory pigments
D) ​are mostly unicellular
E) ​survive only in shallow water

Question 38

Cellular slime molds can be distinguished from plasmodial slime molds on the basis of ____.

A) ​reproductive structures
B) ​spore formation
C) ​number of nuclei per cell
D) ​slime trails
E) ​food requirements

Question 39

Four of the following statements are true about stramenopiles. Which statement is FALSE?​

A) ​They are filamentous heterotrophs.
B) ​Some species are unicellular.
C) ​They include diatoms and red algae.
D) ​Most are photosynthetic.
E) ​Their chloroplast structure suggests evolution by secondary endosymbiosis.

Question 40

The production of light by an organism is called ____.

A) ​autophotoproduction
B) ​bioluminescence
C) ​luminarianism
D) ​autoillumination
E) ​bioillumination

Question 41

Are humans responsible for neurotoxic shellfish poisoning? Why or why not?​

Question 42

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
The malarial parasite Plasmodium is a member of this group.

Question 43

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
All members of this group are parasitic alveolates.

Question 44

__________ are heterotrophs that grow as a mesh of absorptive filaments. Some are plant pathogens.

Question 45

__________ and __________ are single-celled heterotrophs with a secreted shell.

Question 46

Euglenoids live in freshwater; a(n) __________ rids them of excess water.

Question 47

__________ are aquatic heterotrophs and autotrophs with a cellulose covering.

Question 48

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
These move by means of pseudopods.

Question 49

Some protists have complex life cycles and change between the haploid and diploid state. This process is called __________ of _________.

Question 50

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
Neurotoxin from some members of this group can kill humans.

Question 51

In nutrient-rich water, photosynthetic protists may undergo population explosions known as __________.

Question 52

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
This group includes the diatoms.

Question 53

Describe the relationship of protists to the major groups of eukaryotes.

Question 54

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
The slime molds are members of this group.

Question 55

Why is malaria such an effective disease?

Question 56

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
Paramecium belongs to this group.

Question 57

__________ are single-celled and mostly or entirely heterotrophic.

Question 58

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness are caused by members of this group.

Question 59

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
These possess an eyespot for detecting light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 60

​Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a.​apicomplexans
b.​amoebozoans
c.​euglenoids
d.​dinoflagellates
e.​trypanosomes
The common amoeba, Amoeba proteus, is a member of this group.

Question 61

Why can red algae grow at deeper depths of water than green algae?