Deck 26: Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Question 1

Examine the table below.
Based on the data in this table, which organism is most likely to be an osmoconformer? Note that lobsters and flounders live in seawater and goldfish live in freshwater.

A)lobster
B)flounder
C)goldfish
D)humans

Answer 1

A

Question 2

After viewing the image below, one should conclude that

A)the image is that of a tissue made of multiple organs.
B)the image is that of an organ made of multiple tissues.
C)cells are large and create large organs.
D)only one type of tissue can make up a specific organ.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Capillary walls

A)act as barriers to excessive movement of materials to and from blood plasma.
B)are selectively permeable, allowing only one-way movement of materials from interstitial fluid to blood plasma.
C)are thin-walled, allowing diffusion of materials to and from blood plasma and interstitial fluid.
D)actively transport materials from blood plasma to interstitial fluid.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

For a vertebrate animal to obtain and use energy,

A)the digestive system is used to break down oxygen to be stored in cells.
B)the circulatory system must provide carbon dioxide to cells.
C)the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and nervous systems are some systems involved.
D)only one organ system, the digestive system, is needed.

Question 5

Some species of fish that live in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean have evolved an "antifreeze" protein. Why might this protein be important to homeostasis?

A)The protein might be involved in transporting water into fish cells during cold weather. The more water in the cell, the smaller the chance that ice crystals will form.
B)The protein might prevent ice crystals from forming inside cells, which would prevent damage to the plasma membrane when temperatures are low.
C)The protein might be involved in removing solutes from fish cells during cold weather. With fewer solutes in the cell, essential chemical reactions are more likely to occur.
D)The protein might allow this species of fish to survive global warming by allowing it to carry out chemical reactions that would normally be prevented by warm temperatures.

Question 6

As a cell takes up glucose from surrounding interstitial fluid,

A)glucose will begin to diffuse back out of the cell because the concentration will eventually exceed that of the interstitial fluid.
B)solutes in the blood plasma will also begin to take up glucose from the interstitial fluid.
C)glucose will diffuse from blood plasma into the interstitial fluid.
D)glucose will begin to diffuse into and out of the interstitial fluid across capillary walls at the same rate.

Question 7

Animal A has a surface area of 6 cm² and a volume of 1 cm³. Animal B has a surface area of 24 cm² and a volume of 8 cm³. If each animal were in the same environment,

A)animals A and B would gain and lose solutes at the same rate, but animal A would gain heat faster.
B)animal B would gain water faster than animal A, but animal A would lose solutes faster.
C)animal A would gain or lose heat, water, and solutes faster than animal B.
D)animal B would lose heat faster than animal A but gain water faster.

Question 8

Analyze the tissue images below and select which statement is true.

A)Tissue 1 can be found lining the digestive tract.
B)Tissue 1 is used to line the endocrine system.
C)Tissue 2 is found attached to bones.
D)Tissue 3 is used to conduct nerve impulses

Question 9

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is false?

A)The more solutes present in a cell, the better it functions. Homeostasis is used to make sure that all available solutes are pumped into cells.
B)The enzymes that run an organism have evolved to function best under certain conditions. Maintaining homeostasis allows enzymes to function optimally.
C)High temperatures can cause proteins to unfold. Maintaining a set temperature in an organism through homeostasis prevents this from happening.
D)Water dilutes solutes, making it difficult for reactants to get together and perform chemical reactions. Homeostasis ensures that the proper amount of water is retained within cells.

Question 10

To maintain constant internal conditions, an animal

A)must produce more metabolic heat than it loses to its surroundings.
B)needs to take in more water than it loses to its surroundings.
C)needs to lose and gain equal amounts of heat and water but lose more solutes than it gains.
D)must gain and lose equal amounts of heat, solutes, and water.

Question 11

Since the fur color of many mammals darkens in the winter months, the following conclusion is drawn:

A)It is an adaptation that allows the mammal to reflect radiant energy.
B)It is an acclimation that allows mammals to absorb radiant energy.
C)It is an adaptation that allows mammals to absorb radiant energy.
D)It is an acclimation that allows mammals to reflect radiant energy.

Question 12

Marine fish must use energy to maintain their body fluid balance, because

A)they live in a hypertonic environment and need to use energy to retain water.
B)they must get rid of the excess water that constantly moves into their interstitial fluid.
C)they must actively take up solutes from their surroundings.
D)their kidneys must reabsorb solutes from the external surroundings.

Question 13

Anesthesia is used in many types of surgeries because it can

A)block nerve impulses transmitted to the spinal cord or brain, thus eliminating sensory perceptions.
B)tingle nerve endings that disrupt patient concentration.
C)make nerve cells hyperactive and increase sensory perception, thus causing numbness.
D)be used as a sedative.

Question 14

After about an hour of basking in the sun, the body temperature of the marine iguana reaches 37°C and it dives into the water to feed. In the water, its body temperature rapidly drops and it must return to the rocks to warm up. This is an example of

A)endothermic behavior.
B)positive feedback.
C)ectothermic conduction.
D)negative feedback.

Question 15

Blood is a connective tissue because it

A)is formed in the bone marrow.
B)is a liaison of nutrients, gases, and waste products from one organ to another.
C)contains white blood cells needed to protect the body from infection.
D)contains platelets that bridge one end of an injury to the other end of an injury.

Question 16

Individual cells that are deeply embedded in a large animal are surrounded by _____, which provides nutrients, delivers hormones, and carries away wastes.

A)a plasma membrane
B)interstitial fluid
C)blood plasma
D)capillaries

Question 17

Negative feedback

A)stops a process, before it reaches its set point.
B)determines what the set point of a process should be.
C)slows down or shuts off a process when a set point is reached.
D)prevents positive feedback.

Question 18

If you have ever breathed air out of your lungs onto a cold glass surface, you have seen the glass "fog up" from water contained in your breath. Which of the descriptions below describes the journey of that water from a cell in your body to your breath?

A)blood plasma to lungs to capillary to interstitial fluid across the plasma membrane to cell interior
B)cell interior across the plasma membrane to blood plasma to interstitial fluid to capillary to lungs
C)cell interior across the plasma membrane to capillary to interstitial fluid to blood plasma to lungs
D)cell interior across the plasma membrane to interstitial fluid to capillary to blood plasma to lungs

Question 19

The distances between capillaries and cell surfaces near capillaries are

A)too great for only diffusion to transport materials quickly enough.
B)so small that materials can diffuse quickly enough to move materials as needed.
C)so small that materials sometimes diffuse in the wrong direction.
D)just large enough to make transport of materials happen only one way at a time.

Question 20

Insulin is a protein hormone that helps cells use glucose. In type I diabetes, insulin-making cells of the pancreas are attacked and destroyed. The preceding information is an example of the

A)digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems affecting one another.
B)importance of the excretory system to remove wastes and other toxins.
C)importance of only one system needed to perform a function.
D)endocrine, digestive, circulatory, and immune systems affecting each other.

Question 21

The figure below illustrates how the nephron in a human kidney aids in the removal of toxic by-products of protein metabolism and assists in the regulation of internal water and solute concentrations.
In the region of the nephron labeled "tubule," sodium is

A)leaving the tubule by diffusion.
B)being pumped out of the tubule by active transport.
C)moving out of the tubule through osmosis.
D)exiting the tubule via secretion.

Question 22

Metabolic heat is generated by

A)biochemical reactions.
B)contracting muscles.
C)digesting nutrients.
D)all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is not a means used by chickadees to conserve heat in the winter?

A)reducing convection
B)reducing radiation
C)reducing metabolism
D)reducing evaporation

Question 24

A person whose hands are being warmed by holding a hot cup of tea is gaining heat by

A)convection.
B)conduction.
C)evaporation.
D)radiation.

Question 25

Which of the following is not reabsorbed as the filtrate from the glomerulus moves through the nephron?

A)urea
B)glucose
C)water
D)creatinine

Question 26

The circulation of blood through the body eventually increases the rate of heat transfers by

A)evaporation.
B)conduction.
C)convection.
D)radiation.

Question 27

A breeze cools a hot, dry surface by

A)conduction.
B)convection.
C)radiation.
D)evaporation.

Question 28

When a dog pants (breathes in and out rapidly through the mouth), evaporative cooling is enhanced by

A)conduction.
B)radiation.
C)convection.
D)metabolism.

Question 29

Why do animals that live in cold climates have thick fur coats?

A)Fur reduces convection and traps a layer of air heated by conduction close to the skin, keeping the animal's body warmer.
B)Thicker fur allows animals to better blend into the environment, providing protection from other animals.
C)Fur decreases the ratio of surface area to volume of the animal so it does not lose as much heat.
D)Fur prevents the formation of ice crystals next to the skin of the animal, which prevents cells from freezing and being damaged by ice.

Question 30

An organism that generates enough metabolic heat to contribute in an important way to its heat gain is known as a(n)

A)ectotherm.
B)endotherm.
C)mesotherm.
D)basker.

Question 31

Cooling by evaporation requires

A)radiation.
B)a dried surface.
C)a wet surface.
D)conduction.

Question 32

Which of the following would be the best way to avoid heatstroke on a very hot day?

A)apply chemicals to your skin that prevent you from sweating
B)wear dark-colored clothing to shield yourself from the sun
C)spray your body with water from a hose and then allow the water to evaporate
D)consume beverages that are very high in solutes

Question 33

How might air conditioning reduce the number of deaths resulting from heat waves?

A)When a person is standing in front of the air conditioner, the air blowing out replaces the warmer air next to the person's body, allowing conduction, radiation, and evaporation to be more efficient at removing heat from the body.
B)In a cooler room, the temperature difference between a person's body and the air is larger than it is when a person is sitting outside on a hot day. As a result, heat is lost faster in an air-conditioned room.
C)As air conditioning acts to lower the body temperature, less water is lost from a person's body through evaporation, preventing dehydration.
D)all of the above

Question 34

Which of the following statements about temperature regulation is false?

A)All organisms maintain the same core temperature.
B)Some organisms maintain a constant core temperature even when the external environment changes.
C)Some organisms' core temperatures vary when the external environment varies.
D)Different organisms may have different core temperatures at which they do well.

Question 35

An iguana swimming in water colder than its body temperature

A)balances the loss through metabolism.
B)gains heat from the water by reverse conduction.
C)loses heat by conduction and convection.
D)retains heat by increasing its heart rate.

Question 36

The physical movement of heat that results from the movement of air or water is known as

A)convection.
B)conduction.
C)evaporation.
D)radiation.

Question 37

To help circulate heat gained from the environment while basking, marine iguanas

A)reduce their heart rates.
B)increase the flow of blood to their skin.
C)reduce the flow of blood to their skin.
D)dive into cold waters.

Question 38

To maintain homeostasis of its body fluids, a frog in freshwater would have to

A)actively transport salts out and excrete dilute urine.
B)actively transport salts in and excrete concentrated urine.
C)actively transport water out and excrete dilute urine.
D)actively transport salts in and excrete dilute urine.

Question 39

Heatstroke results primarily from a loss of

A)conductive cooling.
B)evaporative cooling.
C)radiative cooling.
D)convective cooling.

Question 40

Which of the following compounds allows animals to lose the least amount of water during the process of removing toxic waste?

A)ammonia in freshwater fish
B)ammonia in saltwater fish
C)urea in humans
D)uric acid in birds

Question 41

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

A)filtration
B)urination
C)reabsorption
D)secretion

Question 42

A turtle lying on a warm rock on a sunny day is gaining heat from the sun by radiation and heat from the rock by ____________________.

Question 43

One reason we get thirsty is that

A)our kidneys cannot reabsorb about a bathtub's volume of water each day.
B)blood flowing through the glomerulus loses all of its salts.
C)blood in capillaries moves directly into tubules.
D)some water is lost in the production of a dilute urine.

Question 44

In our kidneys, blood gets filtered in

A)the glomerulus.
B)the tubules.
C)capillaries surrounding the tubules.
D)the bladder.

Question 45

Because the brain controls all body functions, the ____________________ system is the only system that communicates with all other body systems.

Question 46

During the day, camels allow their body temperature to rise to up to 40.5°C. As they rest on the cool desert sand at night, their temperature drops back to normal as a result of ____________________ because the external temperature is below the camel's body temperature.

Question 47

An animal that does not maintain a relatively constant core temperature is a(n)____________________.

Question 48

Most marine animals and all land animals are ____________________ because they maintain internal salt and water levels that are not the same as those of their surroundings.

Question 49

____________________ tissue, the interface between an organism and its environment, regulates the amount of water, heat, and other substances that are exchanged with the external environment.

Question 50

The process of regulating internal conditions so that they remain steady even when the physical environment does not match them is called ____________________.

Question 51

Individuals on medications are more at risk for heatstroke because the medications can

A)cause cells to increase metabolism and release more heat.
B)increase sweating.
C)decrease cellular metabolism.
D)interfere with negative feedback loops.

Question 52

Ammonia is produced by the metabolism of

A)fatty acids.
B)glucose.
C)proteins.
D)carbohydrates.

Question 53

Ectotherms depend more on heat from their environment than on ____________________ heat from internal chemical reactions.

Question 54

Shivering and goose bumps are ways of producing ____________________.

Question 55

Animals can gain or lose heat by conduction and radiation, but the process of ____________________ only results in heat loss.

Question 56

The basic functioning unit of the kidney is the ____________________.

Question 57

An animal can lose heat by ____________________ even when the environmental temperature is greater than its internal temperature.

Question 58

As the filtrate moves through a nephron,

A)water is added to make a dilute urine.
B)solutes are combined with urea.
C)water and solutes are reabsorbed.
D)we get thirsty due to the salts that are taken back into the blood.

Question 59

A molecule of ammonia leaving a cell would first move into

A)a capillary.
B)the interstitial fluid.
C)the blood plasma.
D)a nephron.

Question 60

____________________ feedback keeps the internal environment in a constant state within a range of external conditions.

Question 61

In a nephron the filtrate is derived from blood plasma.

Question 62

In order for the epidermis to provide protection, it is made of only one type of tissue.

Question 63

Blood pH is generally neutral in order to allow enzymes to function properly.

Question 64

Animals can gain, but not lose, heat by conduction.

Question 65

The lack of water, otherwise known as ____________________, can lead to heatstroke.

Question 66

Secretion and ____________________ take place in the U-shaped kidney tubule.

Question 67

Sweating results in heat loss by convection.

Question 68

Despite its large size, an elephant can conserve heat energy longer than a hummingbird.

Question 69

Kidneys conserve water but not solutes.

Question 70

Conduction is a form of convection.

Question 71

Having hundreds of different types of cells in the human body promotes efficiency of bodily processes.

Question 72

Evaporation cools by radiation.

Question 73

A large glass of ice water and a small glass of ice water are sitting on a table in the same room. The small glass of water would reach room temperature before the large glass of water.

Question 74

Frostbitten tissue, because water within cells freezes, expands and ruptures plasma membranes.

Question 75

In kidneys, the glomerulus is composed of a bed of ____________________.

Question 76

Aerobic exercise generates body heat primarily due to muscle contractions.

Question 77

Urea is reabsorbed by the kidney because it acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damaging chemicals produced by metabolic reactions.

Question 78

Heat can be gained or lost by radiation.

Question 79

Active people such as teenagers and people in their twenties are more at risk for heatstroke.