Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Dr.Humber is a psychologist who is diagnosing his patient's psychological disorder.Dr.Humber knows that this might be difficult to do.Which statement is false with regard to classifying disorders?

A) People's problems often do not fit neatly into one category.
B) The DSM-5 gives general labels, such as neurosis and psychosis.
C) The same symptoms often appear as part of more than one disorder.
D) Diagnostic judgments are somewhat subjective.

Answer 1

The DSM-5 gives general labels, such as neurosis and psychosis.

Question 2

Although Mistee was raised by her mother and grandmother,who both had histories of depression,she had a normal childhood.After college,she lands a high-stress job.She then becomes depressed.Mistee's psychopathology is best explained by the ____ approach.

A) diathesis-stress
B) biological
C) humanistic
D) psychodynamic

Answer 2

diathesis-stress

Question 3

Darlene meets Giani at a campus party and thinks that he is cute,but then becomes extremely uncomfortable talking to him because he stands only five inches from her.Giani would be considered abnormal under which criterion?

A) personal suffering
B) norm violation
C) impaired functioning
D) practical approach

Answer 3

norm violation

Question 4

Twenty-year-old Elton inherited a predisposition to depression and was brought up by a manic-depressive mother.Until now,Elton has avoided depression,but according to the diathesis-stress model,he may develop depression if he ____.

A) fails to undergo psychotherapy
B) encounters very stressful events
C) fails to recognize his genuine feelings about himself
D) develops serious diathesis

Question 5

To better understand the onset,progression,and treatment of psychological disorders,Phyllis wants to take the most comprehensive and holistic approach.She believes that such an eclectic perspective will most benefit her study.To that end,you should recommend that Phyllis investigate the ____ model of abnormality.

A) vulnerability
B) sociocultural
C) biopsychosocial
D) comorbidity

Question 6

Marsha and Jan are identical twins whose mother and aunt suffer from depression.Marsha falls in love with and marries a wonderful guy,gets her dream job,and wins the lottery.Jan is lonely because she is constantly rejected by guys,hates her job,and despises living next to an airport.In this scenario,____ is more likely to develop depressive symptoms according to the ____ model.

A) Marsha; psychodynamic
B) Marsha; diathesis-stress
C) Jan; psychodynamic
D) Jan; diathesis-stress

Question 7

Alberta is a psychologist who is trying to assess whether her patient is exhibiting abnormal behavior.Alberta follows a practical approach.Which of the following will not help Alberta decide if her patient has impaired functioning?

A) content of the behavior
B) sociocultural context
C) behavioral consequences
D) genetic predispositions

Question 8

While interviewing Joe,Dr.Willard discovers that Joe has a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia because his uncle and mother had schizophrenia.Dr.Willard also believes the fact that Joe was homeless for several months after being expelled from school and "disowned" by his parents triggered his schizophrenia.Dr.Willard probably follows the ____ model of psychological disorders.

A) medical
B) sociocultural
C) psychological
D) diathesis-stress

Question 9

Huang,who lives in Malaysia,is afraid that one day soon his penis will shrivel and retract into his body,and he will die from this eventually.His psychiatrist realizes that Huang has a condition called koro that is seen almost exclusively in Southeast Asia.In other words,Koro is a ____ disorder.

A) culture-general
B) somatization
C) hysterical
D) culture-specific

Question 10

Ayse and Ali are discussing the causes of the high rate of depression among women.Ali points out how early childhood environment affects women's depression when they encounter stress later in life.On the other hand,Ayse thinks that higher rates of depression among women are solely due to oppression of women in a male-dominated society.Ali seems to adopt a ____ approach,whereas Ayse seems to adopt a ____ approach to causes of depression.

A) biological; psychological
B) diathesis-stress; psychological
C) sociocultural; psychological
D) diathesis-stress; sociocultural

Question 11

Mr.Garrison spends hours each day having conversations with his hand puppet.Mr.Garrison's behavior would be considered abnormal according to all of the following except the ____.

A) statistical infrequency criterion
B) personal suffering criterion
C) norm violation criterion
D) practical approach

Question 12

Although mental health researchers have disagreed in the past about the causes of disordered behavior,most researchers in Western cultures now agree that the ____ model best explains the appearance of psychopathology.

A) biopsychosocial
B) sociocultural
C) psychological
D) medical

Question 13

Edison believes that all psychological disorders have anatomical or chemical causes.He is interested in research that would help to uncover the genetic influences of such disorders.Edison must support the ____ model of psychopathology.

A) social-cognitive
B) medical
C) psychological
D) biopsychosocial

Question 14

A researcher who subscribes to the psychological model of mental disorder is least likely to investigate ____.

A) distorted perceptions of reality
B) disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain
C) unconscious conflicts between inborn impulses and the external limits placed on them
D) thought patterns and past learning experiences

Question 15

All of the following are considered part of the medical model of explaining psychopathology except ____.

A) cognitive distortions
B) having an imbalance of humors in the body
C) neurobiological factors
D) genetic influences

Question 16

Being able to play basketball at the skill level of Michael Jordan is very rare.Thus,Michael Jordan might be viewed as abnormal from the ____ approach to defining abnormality.

A) statistical infrequency
B) norm violation
C) personal suffering
D) practical

Question 17

Interrater reliability of the DSM-5 has been shown to be acceptable for ____,but much lower for ____.

A) anxiety disorders; major depressive disorder
B) personality disorders; bipolar disorder
C) major depressive disorder; schizophrenia spectrum disorders
D) anxiety disorders; schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Question 18

As a clinical psychologist,you are concerned with patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive,disruptive,and/or uncomfortable for the person affected or for others.In other words,you are interested in ____.

A) psychokinesis
B) psychopathology
C) psychodiagnosis
D) psychoanalysis

Question 19

Dr.Noonan believes that psychological disorders are the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood.For example,she believes that panic attacks occur when a person's instinctual impulses become too overwhelming.Dr.Noonan believes in the ____ approach to psychopathology.

A) psychodynamic
B) humanist
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) diathesis-stress

Question 20

Psychopathology is a social matter because ____.

A) mental illnesses can always be treated
B) everyone in society is affected by those with mental disorders
C) society must protect and isolate itself from those with mental illness
D) mental illnesses are caused by other people

Question 21

Ivan has been worried for months,but he really cannot pinpoint the source of his concerns.He is also jumpy and irritable,and has difficulty sleeping.Ivan is probably experiencing ____.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) a phobia
C) panic disorder
D) somatoform pain disorder

Question 22

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)has organized an initiative to focus on ____ that rather than diagnostic labels in order to increase diagnostic validity.

A) individual strengths
B) genetic predisposition
C) unconscious processes
D) observable behaviors

Question 23

Whenever Martin sees a cat,he runs away in fear.In fact,Martin can't even look at pictures of cats without experiencing intense feelings of anxiety.Martin appears to be suffering from ____.

A) agoraphobia
B) a specific phobia
C) a social phobia
D) panic disorder

Question 24

According to Thomas Szasz,the concept of mental illness ____.

A) is inappropriate and harmful
B) seems perfectly appropriate
C) is appropriate only for behavior disorders with no clear physical basis
D) is inappropriate only for organic mental disorders

Question 25

Lynae is terrified of going into elevators.The last time she was in one,she experienced intense heart palpitations,pressure in her chest,sweating,and dizziness.Lynae most likely had ____.

A) conversion disorder
B) dysthymic disorder
C) pain disorder
D) a panic attack

Question 26

To minimize the cultural biases that may occur during diagnosis,it is suggested that diagnosticians do all of the following except ____.

A) focus less on the concepts of normality and abnormality
B) become more aware of cognitive shortcuts that can impair clinical judgments
C) diagnose solely based on published criteria and standardized interview formats
D) rely less on their own clinical impressions

Question 27

Thomas Szasz has argued that it is wrong to diagnose people as having psychological disorders.Rather,he suggests that people have problems in living.He presents several arguments about why this is a better approach to take.Which of the following is not an argument presented by Szasz?

A) Labels are useless because it is more likely that a person will receive an incorrect diagnosis than it is that they will receive a correct diagnosis.
B) Labeling a person as "sick" puts that person in an inferior position.
C) Once you label people, they take on the role of "patient" and stop trying to help themselves because they are expected to follow orders and wait for a cure.
D) Once a person has a diagnosis with a poor prognosis, giving up on her or her is easier.

Question 28

Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____. Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____.Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____.

A) panic attacks
B) free-floating anxiety
C) a split between affect and cognition
D) disruption in daily functioning

Question 29

Samuel avoids speaking in public.He's extremely afraid of appearing stupid and can't stand the thought of being embarrassed.Samuel suffers from ____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) social anxiety disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 30

Aster is a proponent of positive psychology.She believes that the DSM-5 should consider ____.

A) people's strengths and prosocial values
B) individual's predispositions toward particular psychological disorders
C) using a dimension approach to diagnosis
D) cultural influences on psychological disorders

Question 31

According to the biological model,anxiety disorders develop because of ____.

A) some physical condition or disease
B) societal pressure to react with anxiety to certain situations
C) the learning of coping mechanisms
D) a predisposition to suffer severe anxiety

Question 32

Alexia is content to stay in her house because she becomes nervous and afraid when she ventures too far from home.Alexia is probably suffering from ____.

A) agoraphobia
B) a specific phobia
C) xenophobia
D) panic disorder

Question 33

Which of the following is not considered to be an anxiety disorder?

A) panic disorder
B) dissociative disorder
C) phobia
D) social anxiety disorder

Question 34

Grace is sitting in class when,without warning,her heart began to pound,her chest felt tight,and a feeling of dizziness came over her.She felt extremely fearful.Over the next few weeks,the same thing happened several times.Her doctor cannot find anything wrong with her heart.Grace is probably suffering from ____.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) panic disorder
D) a phobia

Question 35

What conclusions does your text consider most reasonable with regard to diagnosis?

A) There is no bias in diagnosis toward African Americans.
B) African Americans are diagnosed with disorders less frequently than European Americans.
C) Cognitive biases may lead to more African Americans than European Americans being diagnosed with severe mental disorders.
D) African Americans should not be diagnosed by European Americans.

Question 36

Which reasoning is least valid in explaining the misdiagnosis of psychological problems?

A) People's problems often don't fit neatly into a single category.
B) Few guidelines exist for what constitutes "clinically significant impairment."
C) The DSM-5 may not account for cultural differences in how distress is expressed.
D) There is no accepted diagnostic classification system.

Question 37

For the last two months Thomas has been worried that something bad is going to happen.He can't pinpoint the source of this feeling,but he is jumpy,irritable,can't sleep,and can't concentrate.His symptoms suggest that he may be suffering from ____ disorder.

A) dissociative
B) panic
C) generalized anxiety
D) conversion

Question 38

Claudia has not left her house in ten years.If she steps on the front porch she becomes so uneasy that she has to return inside.Claudia is most likely suffering from ____,which is a(n)____ disorder.

A) depression; affective
B) agoraphobia; anxiety
C) a conversion reaction; somatoform
D) a social phobia; obsessive-compulsive

Question 39

Researchers are exploring whether a single dimension called the ____ is a common feature in all forms of psychopathology.

A) domain criteria
B) D factor
C) p factor
D) brain factor

Question 40

Two psychologists interview the same patient and give her two different diagnoses.This illustrates the problem of ____.

A) low interrater reliability
B) high diagnostic specificity
C) statistical conformity
D) the neurotic-psychotic distinction

Question 41

After Trung is robbed at gunpoint,he is found wandering around his neighborhood aimlessly.Although he has no physical injuries,he is unable to recall personal information,such as his name or home address.Trung is most likely suffering from ____.

A) dissociative amnesia
B) conversion disorder
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 42

Collins has been complaining of a variety of vague,chronic pains that run all throughout his body as well as blurry vision.After many doctor visits and medical tests,there is still no known physical cause for the symptoms that Collins has been experiencing.Collins is most likely to be diagnosed with ____.

A) conversion disorder
B) somatic symptom disorder
C) hypochondriasis
D) somatoform pain disorder

Question 43

Cigdem thinks that she has a form of cancer,but no doctor has been able to find anything wrong with her.She has been going from one doctor to another for five years now with serious complaints.Cigdem is most likely suffering from ____.

A) agoraphobia
B) conversion disorder
C) somatic symptom disorder
D) illness anxiety disorder

Question 44

Spencer is about to be evaluated at his job,when he wakes up Monday morning and finds he is paralyzed and cannot go to work.On Friday evening,Spencer is miraculously able to walk again,yet the following Monday,he is once again paralyzed.Spencer is most likely suffering from ____ disorder.

A) panic
B) illness anxiety
C) conversion
D) generalized anxiety

Question 45

A law student preparing for the state bar exam underwent a battery of tests for partial paralysis in his dominant hand.Although doctors could find no physical cause for this paralysis,the student was able to postpone the exam.Then,strangely enough,the paralysis subsided.A possible diagnosis could be ____ disorder

A) pain
B) dissociative
C) conversion
D) illness anxiety

Question 46

Lyndsay finds herself often thinking about the possibility of getting an infection from germs in her dorm room,and so she is constantly washing her hands to the point where her skin is red and sore.Lyndsay may be suffering from ____ disorder,and her persistent thoughts are known as ____.

A) panic; compulsions
B) obsessive-compulsive; obsessions
C) obsessive-compulsive; compulsions
D) panic; obsessions

Question 47

Elijah has a strong fear that he has lung cancer.He has been to his doctor several times and is familiar with all of the symptoms of lung cancer that he has researched on WebMD.His doctor can find no physical evidence to suggest that Elijah has lung cancer and is considering a diagnosis of ____.

A) conversion disorder
B) phobia
C) illness anxiety disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 48

Frequently and without warning,images of germs pop into Corbin's mind,and he feels an irresistible urge to stop whatever he is doing,run to a sink,and wash his hands repeatedly.After washing his hands,he feels safe and comfortable,whereas during an attack,he is convinced that he will die if he is not allowed to wash his hands.Corbin appears to suffer from a(n)____.

A) physiological dependence on water
B) personality disorder
C) psychotic disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 49

Bruce is usually a quiet,well-mannered man.On some occasions,however,Bruce acts like a completely different person; he becomes very angry and violent and responds only to the name Hulk.Bruce has no recollection of these recurrent episodes.Bruce probably suffers from ____.

A) conversion disorder
B) dissociative amnesia
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 50

Biological,psychological,and social factors have all been suggested as contributing to somatic symptoms disorders.For example,illness anxiety disorder has been associated with abnormal ____.

A) social skills
B) cognitive factors
C) serotonin functioning
D) genetics

Question 51

Norman is a hotel owner with a calm,laid-back style of living who occasionally "splits" into a different personality.This other personality is a cranky,violent old woman.Norman is exhibiting ____.

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) cyclothymic disorder

Question 52

Hector's wife announces that she is taking their children,moving out of their home,and filing for divorce.Hector disappears and six months later,he is found at a location 500 miles from his home,using a different name and not appearing to know his real name or his home address.Hector is displaying ____.

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) dissociative amnesia
C) conversion disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 53

Research on dissociative disorders have offered all of the following conclusions except that ____.

A) people who suffer from these disorders appear to be skilled at self-hypnosis
B) dissociations allow people to escape the trauma of abuse
C) memory loss and other dissociations tend to not be genuine
D) people displaying dissociative identity disorder have experienced traumas they would rather forget

Question 54

Urvi has become preoccupied with an imaginary deformity on her face.She often avoids going out in public and has even looked into corrective surgery,even though the deformity does not exist.Urvi is most likely suffering from ____.

A) body dysmorphic disorder
B) somatic symptoms disorder
C) conversion disorder
D) illness anxiety disorder

Question 55

You would be more biologically prepared to have a ____ phobia than a(n)____ phobia.

A) snake; book
B) water; height
C) school; insect
D) worm; insect

Question 56

All of the following are examples of somatic symptom disorders except ____.

A) Anne endures excessive stress, and she develops an ulcer.
B) Betty feels that she has developed heart disease, although she is in great shape physically.
C) Colleen finds that her legs are paralyzed during the day, but she is able to sleepwalk at night.
D) Dana complains of severe and constant pain in her back and joints, but the pain does not appear to have any physical cause.

Question 57

On the TV show 24,Terri experiences several stressors.She and her daughter are kidnapped,her husband is on a danger mission to track down terrorists,and after escaping from their captors,Terri witnesses her daughter become a victim of a fiery car crash.After fainting,Terri awakens and cannot remember any personal information about herself or her family.It appears Terri is suffering from ____.

A) dissociative amnesia
B) cyclothymic disorder
C) anterograde amnesia
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 58

Kristine and Nicole are seeing therapists for their psychological problems.Kristine constantly thinks that she is stupid and worthless,and sometimes she has thoughts of killing herself.Nicole cleans her house so much that she doesn't have time to do anything else; she realizes that her house is already clean,but she can't stop herself.Their therapists are most likely treating Kristine for her ____ and treating Nicole for her ____.

A) obsessions; obsessions
B) obsessions; compulsions
C) compulsions; compulsions
D) compulsions; obsessions

Question 59

Marie goes to her doctor several times a month.She insists that she has pain in her lower abdomen and believes that her appendix is about to burst.After several visits that showed no signs of physical disorder,Marie's doctor believes that she might suffer from ____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) conversion disorder
D) illness anxiety disorder

Question 60

Which explanation for the development of somatic symptom disorders is least plausible?

A) abnormal serotonin functioning
B) massive repression of unwanted impulses or memories
C) a predisposition based on a combination of biological and psychological traits
D) childhood experiences in which physical illness brought special attention

Question 61

In the United States,which group is most likely to commit suicide?

A) Males over 65
B) American Indian males
C) Adolescents
D) African American females

Question 62

Which of the following is not associated with an elevated risk for suicide?

A) Giving away possessions
B) Making a specific plan
C) Making plans to change jobs
D) Warning others of the intention to commit suicide

Question 63

Which factor is least likely to be a biological cause of depressive and bipolar disorders?

A) mbalances in the brain's neurotransmitters
B) abnormally low levels of the stress hormone cortisol
C) defects in brain regions involved in mood
D) malfunctions of the endocrine system

Question 64

Jamie's sleep patterns have been erratic over the course of the past few months,and she lacks the energy to do anything except lay on her couch.Jamie also feels completely hopeless,and she wonders if life is worth living anymore.Jamie is most likely suffering from ____.

A) major depressive disorder
B) pyromania
C) mania
D) cyclothymic disorder

Question 65

Lark has been diagnosed with bipolar II disorder.She experiences times of depression and periods of regular mood.Other times,Lark has bouts of energetic optimism and elation,known as ____.

A) conversion
B) catatonia
C) hypomania
D) generalized anxiety

Question 66

Damon is suffering from persistent depressive disorder.We can expect that Damon ____.

A) switches from being somewhat sad to somewhat manic
B) probably needs to be hospitalized
C) always feels either extremely depressed or extremely manic
D) has been feeling somewhat sad and depressed for years

Question 67

There are many misunderstandings about suicide.Which statement reflects a fact about suicide?

A) Females are three times more likely to attempt suicide.
B) People who talk about suicide will not try it.
C) Most people who attempt suicide want to die.
D) College students are more likely to attempt suicide than are elderly people.

Question 68

Holden has been in a sad mood for the last three years.His parents notice that he just does not seem interested in things,does not have any friends,hardly ever seems really happy,and always seems tired.Holden most likely suffers from ____.

A) persistent depressive disorder
B) social anxiety disorder
C) bipolar disorder
D) cyclothymic disorder

Question 69

Vincent is an artist who has stayed up painting for three days straight.Despite his lack of sleep,he feels as if he has boundless energy and that his paintings reflect a very high level of creativity.Although Vincent rarely feels tired,he only becomes this energetic once in a while.Vincent is most likely suffering from ____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) persistent depressive disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) an episode of mania

Question 70

For the past few months,Val felt completely hopeless and unmotivated.She would not eat much and felt worthless.Then,she suddenly felt unusually elated,full of energy,and bursting with ideas.Val is probably suffering from ____ disorder.

A) persistent depressive
B) conversion
C) bipolar I
D) major depressive

Question 71

One of the major factors in the development of dissociative disorders appears to be ____.

A) chronic mild stress
B) physical abuse or trauma
C) heredity
D) environmental conditions

Question 72

People who talk about suicide are ____.

A) unlikely to attempt suicide
B) more likely to try it than the general population
C) most often men; women do not talk about suicide in advance
D) more likely to actually kill themselves than are people who attempt suicide but don't talk about it

Question 73

Someone with dissociative identity disorder is least likely to ____.

A) have a tendency to show cynical hostility
B) have escaped the trauma of abuse by making "new personalities."
C) have experienced an event he or she would like to forget
D) be skilled at self-hypnosis

Question 74

Max felt so low and unhappy that he did not leave his room for six weeks.Two months later,Max has so much energy that he stays up all night redecorating the entire house and goes for days without sleep.This pattern repeats itself.Max would be most likely diagnosed with ____ disorder.

A) bipolar I
B) cyclothymic
C) bipolar II
D) major depressive

Question 75

Breanna is more likely to feel depressed than Terron.When Breanna is sad,she constantly thinks about negative events,why they occurred,and how depressed she is about them.When Terron feels down,he goes out jogging until he is exhausted but free of his negative frame of mind.Breanna exhibits a(n)____ cognitive style and Terron uses a ____ cognitive style.

A) depressive; cyclothymic
B) distracting; ruminative
C) cyclothymic; depressive
D) ruminative; distracting

Question 76

Maggie has been living in Alaska for several months.She has noticed that as the daylight hours get shorter and shorter she feels more and more depressed.Joel,her doctor,should prescribe ____ to help Maggie's symptoms.

A) an antidepressant drug such as Prozac
B) positive thinking
C) a few hours of exposure to full-spectrum light a day
D) a full regimen of exercise and nonfat foods

Question 77

Lewis is depressed for about three months.Now,however,he feels more energetic than normal and starts up several creative projects that he thought he'd never have the motivation to start again.Lewis most likely suffers from ____ disorder.

A) bipolar II
B) conversion
C) conduct
D) major depressive

Question 78

Robert has had major depressive disorder for most of his adult life.As he became older,he would tell his wife that when he uses the kitchen sink,he believes his corpuscles are being washed out of his body.Robert is exhibiting ____.

A) delusions
B) hallucinations
C) mania
D) severe agitation

Question 79

Since Jack's forced retirement,he has experienced overwhelming sadness and has withdrawn from his friends and family.He has gained twenty pounds and has been sleeping much more than usual.Most noticeably,he is no longer interested in participating in his life-long hobby of playing several rounds of golf each week.Most likely,Jack is experiencing ____.

A) conversion disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) anxiety disorder
D) major depressive disorder

Question 80

A psychologist who believes in the learned helplessness view of depression wants to create a treatment program for his clients.The major focus of this treatment will probably be on ____.

A) helping the clients gain control over their lives
B) helping the clients focus on the bright side of a situation
C) teaching the clients not to blame themselves when things go wrong
D) reducing the clients' search for sympathy and attention