Deck 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Serdar is interested in psychopathology and wants to go to graduate school and get a doctoral degree in psychology.His choice would most likely lead him toward a career as a ____.

A) clinical social worker
B) psychiatrist
C) substance abuse counselor
D) clinical psychologist

Answer 1

clinical psychologist

Question 2

Quincy's therapist prescribed Prozac for Quincy's disorder.The therapist is most likely a

A) licensed professional counselor ____.
B) clinical social worker
C) psychiatrist
D) biological psychologist

Answer 2

psychiatrist

Question 3

Phani's therapist asks her to report everything that comes to mind no matter how trivial or bizarre it may seem.Phani's therapist is using ____.

A) transference
B) reflection
C) countertransference
D) free association

Answer 3

free association

Question 4

As a therapist,Dr.Schwindt often uses operant conditioning techniques in treating her clients.She also shows her clients unconditional positive regard,empathy,and genuineness,and analyzes the transference relationship between herself and each client.Dr.Schwindt's therapeutic approach is best described as ____.

A) psychoanalytic
B) client-centered
C) behavioral
D) eclectic

Question 5

You are looking through a selection of magazines at the bookstore,and in search of one that discusses the treatment of psychological disorders through psychological methods,such as talking about problems and exploring new ways of thinking and acting.Knowing this,you would be best to select a magazine with which word in the title?

A) psychotherapy
B) psychopathology
C) psychometrics
D) psychopharmacology

Question 6

Jin's therapist is currently helping her to recognize that she is unknowingly controlled by a need to dominate people.According to Jin's therapist,Jin plays practical jokes,arrives late to appointments,and behaves in an aggressive manner because she is defending against her unconscious feelings of inadequacy.Jin's therapist most likely believes in the ____ approach.

A) behavioral
B) client-centered
C) rational-emotive
D) psychodynamic

Question 7

Freud was initially interested in hypnosis as a method of treating hysteria but later rejected it as the preferred method of treatment because it ____.

A) lost general credibility in the scientific community
B) treated only symptoms
C) was ineffective
D) inhibited the superego's positive influence on the id

Question 8

Sally goes to Lucy for psychotherapy.In Lucy's office,Sally relaxes and says whatever comes to her mind.She also describes her dreams,and Lucy offers interpretations.Lucy claims that these methods help Sally become more aware of her unconscious mind.Lucy is most likely a ____ psychotherapist.

A) humanistic
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 9

Cara's therapist instructs her to relax and state aloud any thoughts,memories,or images that come to mind.Cara's therapist is using a psychoanalytic technique known as ____.

A) ego analysis
B) free association
C) countertransference
D) working through

Question 10

Werner is a traditional psychoanalyst and is treating Betty for problems with anxiety.Werner's techniques for treatment would probably involve ____.

A) asking Betty to free-associate to parts of a dream
B) reflecting Betty's words to show his interest in her and her difficulties
C) asking Betty to engage in imaginary dialogues with someone not present to get in touch with her feelings
D) training Betty in progressive relaxation techniques

Question 11

Chad is receiving psychotherapy treatment and medication after trying to jump off a bridge.He is likely being treated as a(n)____.

A) recipient of a community outreach program
B) member of a substance abuse group
C) outpatient in a mental health clinic
D) inpatient in a hospital

Question 12

In Freud's earliest attempts at helping people overcome hysterical ailments such as blindness and paralysis,he utilized ____.

A) hypnosis
B) free association
C) unconscious processing
D) drug treatment

Question 13

Gretchen has just been diagnosed with depression,and her therapist prescribed Elavil as an antidepressant.Gretchen's therapist is most likely a ____.

A) psychologist
B) clinical social worker
C) psychiatrist
D) counselor

Question 14

Modern psychoanalysis differs from classical (Freudian)psychoanalysis in that there is now ____.

A) more emphasis placed on the influence of unconscious instincts
B) less emphasis on the problem-solving powers of the ego
C) more attention given to interpersonal relationships and core conflicts
D) less emotional support given to clients

Question 15

Your best friend has been considering therapy.He is interested in learning to deal with the unconscious conflicts and emotions that might affect his behavior.Which therapist would be most likely to help your friend accomplish this?

A) June, a client-centered therapist
B) April, a psychoanalyst
C) Julian, a Gestalt therapist
D) Augusto, a rational-emotive therapist

Question 16

A patient says,"I am really angry at my boss." Ara,his therapist,responds,"Focusing on your boss will miss the point.The real cause of your anger can be found in your childhood." Ara is most likely following the ____ approach.

A) Gestalt
B) person-centered
C) behavioral
D) psychodynamic

Question 17

During sessions with her analyst,Sheila began to treat him with tenderness and dependence,much like her relationship with her father.Freud called this phenomenon ____.

A) free association
B) interpersonal therapy
C) transference
D) manifest content

Question 18

Dr.Lopata favors the object relations methods of psychotherapy.Dr.Lopata's primary goal is to ____.

A) develop a stable, supportive, nurturing relationship with clients
B) establish behavioral contracts that define the client's goals and duties during therapy
C) teach practical day-to-day skills for living
D) use hypnosis to help clients remember dreams

Question 19

Colin usually uses behavior modification and modeling with his patients,but he will occasionally use methods such as dream analysis,nondirective therapy,rational-emotive therapy,and drug therapy.Colin's approach is ____.

A) psychodynamic
B) eclectic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

Question 20

All treatments for psychological disorders share certain basic features.Which of the following is not one of these features?

A) The client
B) The attention to unconscious processes
C) A theory about the causes of the client's problems
D) A procedure for dealing with client's problems

Question 21

Dr.Schwartz is a humanistic psychologist.As such,but he is least likely to believe that his ____.

A) client's behavior is motivated by personal growth
B) client's behavior is motivated by sexual or aggressive drives
C) client is capable of consciously controlling their own actions
D) client is responsible for the ways s/he thinks and behaves

Question 22

In the course of therapy,Dr.Smith takes great care to let her clients feel that they are good people no matter what they say or do.Dr.Smith is demonstrating ____.

A) empathy
B) conditions of worth
C) reflections of self-worth
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 23

Vaughn is a client-centered therapist who is seeing his first client.If he wants to convey congruence,Vaughn will need to ____.

A) create conditions of worth
B) paraphrase what the client tells him
C) be genuine in his interactions with the client
D) ask the client to engage in imaginary dialogue

Question 24

At the Nova Clinic,a group of therapists specialize in modern forms of psychoanalysis that focus on helping clients overcome problematic effects that occur after childhood,such as conflicts with a spouse or job loss.Therefore,these therapists are practitioners of ____ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) Gestalt
C) interpersonal
D) ego analysis

Question 25

Dr.Geiser treats her clients as equals.She feels that this is the first step toward helping the client improve.She claims that by making the client feel accepted and encouraged,the foundation has been laid for the client to improve.Dr.Geiser is most likely a ____ psychologist.

A) behavioral
B) humanistic
C) psychodynamic
D) dispositional

Question 26

Anna is a neo-Freudian.She believes that personality,as well as the conflicts among the id,ego,and superego,derive from the need for supportive human relationships.She believes that the therapy situation should focus on things that have emotional significance for the client.Anna believes in ____.

A) object relations therapy
B) interpersonal therapy
C) time-limited dynamic psychotherapy
D) supportive expressive therapy

Question 27

Kayla is seeing a new client who has an extremely different set of beliefs than her own.When working with this client,Kayla feels she should be nonjudgmental and trusting,but she is having difficulty acting this way toward this particular client.In this situation,Kayla is therapeutically lacking ____.

A) empathy
B) positive regard
C) congruence
D) unbiased support

Question 28

Dr.D.Mento tells Marilyn that the source of her problems lies in a blocking of her growth potential.He says he can help her become aware of those blockages if she will take responsibility for her own actions.Mento most likely adheres to which approach to treatment?

A) humanistic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 29

More recent forms of psychoanalysis are categorized as ____.These forms of therapy tend to be less intense than classic psychoanalysis and more appropriate for a broader range of clients.

A) short-term psychodynamic therapy
B) ego analysis
C) Gestalt therapy
D) mindfulness-based therapy

Question 30

Therapist: "I trust your judgment regarding continuation of your treatment.I want to help you become aware of your feelings and actions,but I know you can help yourself.I accept and support your decision." Which psychotherapist is most likely to say this?

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) biological
D) behavioral

Question 31

If a client is extremely quiet during a session of client-centered therapy,the therapist would most likely make which statement?

A) "What was your relationship with your mother like?"
B) "Perhaps you'd feel more comfortable if we tried social skills training?"
C) "You can talk about whatever you'd like, whenever you are ready to do so."
D) "Tell me exactly what thoughts are in your head right now."

Question 32

Part of client-centered therapy consists of the therapist treating the client as a valued person,regardless of what the client says or does.Approval is not necessary,but acceptance without judgment is.Which of the following therapist attitudes does this describe?

A) empathy
B) genuineness
C) congruence
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 33

Imagine this conversation between a therapist and her client. Client: "I have so much pressure! Work,school,family,dating ...I wonder how I can get it all done!"
Therapist: "You seem to have a lot of demands on your time."
The therapist's comment demonstrates ____.

A) transference
B) active listening
C) unconditional positive regard
D) congruence

Question 34

During therapy,Serena's client was talking of how depressed she was when her mother died.Serena made eye contact with her client,nodded her head in an affirming way,and said,"It sounds like this was a real trying time for you.I can tell that you must have been very sad and upset by this event." What technique is Serena using?

A) active listening
B) free association
C) paraphrasing
D) empathy

Question 35

Psychoanalysis is still used today but often in more flexible,adaptive ways.Which alternative is not a variation on psychoanalysis?

A) Interpersonal therapy
B) Client-centered therapy
C) Individual analysis
D) Object relations therapy

Question 36

Horace's therapist says,"Okay,Horace.In your dream,you saw a wall between you and your children.Talk to that wall,tell that wall how you feel about it." Horace is most likely seeing a ____ therapist.

A) psychodynamic
B) client-centered
C) behavioral
D) Gestalt

Question 37

Raphael is a humanistic psychologist who emphasizes client-centered therapeutic approaches in the tradition of Carl Rogers.His client,Corion,is coming to the first session of therapy.Raphael will try to ____.

A) develop a checklist of goals for Corion to achieve
B) keep Corion's attention firmly focused on the here and now
C) establish an internal frame of reference characterized by empathy toward Corion
D) detect and correct negative cognitive patterns

Question 38

Theo believes that he is the mythological Norse god,Thor.He enters the client-centered therapist's office,waves a hammer in a threatening manner,and proclaims,"I am the god of thunder! He who does not bow before me will perish!" The client-centered therapist would most likely respond with which statement?

A) "Do you like the attention you get when you act like Thor?"
B) "You believe that you are quite powerful."
C) "When did you first realize that you were Thor?"
D) "Thor, could you please ask Odin to come in too? The therapy won't be effective unless your parents are here too."

Question 39

Iris's therapist points out that she is nervously laughing while telling the story of her friend's recent death.He has her engage in a dialogue with her laughter.Iris's therapist is most likely a ____ therapist.

A) behavioral
B) Gestalt
C) client-centered
D) psychoanalytic

Question 40

Mario tells his therapist,"I am so confused about what area I want to major in." His therapist says,"So,you seem to be having trouble deciding what to study." Mario's therapist has used which technique?

A) modeling
B) active listening
C) congruence
D) flooding

Question 41

Lola works with clients who are overcoming social phobias.She often models appropriate social behaviors and assists clients in learning to express their feelings.Her hope with this kind of ____ is that her clients will feel more comfortable and effective in their daily interactions with others.

A) systematic desensitization therapy
B) cognitive restructuring
C) flooding
D) assertiveness training

Question 42

Zelda is a junior high school teacher.When a student acts up,she prefers to modify the student's behavior with the use of extinction.Therefore,Zelda is most likely going to ____.

A) demonstrate an appropriate behavior for the student
B) present an unpleasant stimulus
C) eliminate reinforcement of the misbehavior
D) reward the student for appropriate behaviors

Question 43

Alice has severe behavioral problems at school,including throwing her books on the floor and spitting on the floor.To reduce these problems,Alice's teacher gives her one plastic chip for each socially appropriate behavior that Alice displays.At the end of the week,Alice can trade in the chips she has earned for a prize.Alice's teacher is using which treatment method?

A) A token economy program
B) Aversion conditioning
C) Flooding
D) Modeling

Question 44

Behavior therapy relies mainly on ____ conditioning,while behavior modification relies mainly on ____ conditioning.

A) operant; classical
B) primary; secondary
C) secondary; primary
D) classical; operant

Question 45

You are afraid of tunnels.Your therapist first helps you to deeply relax and then asks you to imagine a distant tunnel.When you can stay relaxed while visualizing this image,the therapist then asks you to imagine nearing the entrance,and finally entering the tunnel.Eventually,when you can remain relaxed while imagining all of this,the therapist takes you through a short tunnel.This list of increasingly fear-provoking situations is known as ____.

A) assertiveness training
B) stress-inoculation therapy
C) a token economy program
D) a desensitization hierarchy

Question 46

Becci is extremely afraid of snakes.Her therapist puts her in a room full of snakes and doesn't allow her to leave for several hours.When Becci leaves the room,she is no longer afraid of snakes.Becci's therapist helped her overcome her snake phobia through the use of ____,which is a technique used by ____ therapists.

A) aversion therapy; Gestalt
B) aversion therapy; biological
C) flooding; behavioral
D) flooding; psychodynamic

Question 47

"Don't worry about the hidden meanings behind your psychological problems.Just change the way you think and act about them,and you'll get better." This statement best summarizes which therapeutic approach?

A) Gestalt
B) humanistic
C) psychodynamic
D) cognitive behavioral

Question 48

A group home for teenage juvenile offenders requires each girl to participate in twice-weekly group sessions with a counselor,to perform a daily chore,and to set monthly goals for herself.The girls earn a specified number of points each day for accomplishing these activities.At the end of each week,the girls are allowed to trade their points for candy,television time,or a day trip into town.This type of setting is called a ____.

A) token economy program
B) model economy
C) participant institution
D) reinforcement setting

Question 49

Dr.Bregel is a behavior therapist.When working with a client,Dr.Bregel seeks to change the client's behavior by ____.

A) using methods such as free-association and dream analysis
B) helping the client develop more adaptive behaviors
C) being empathic and reflective
D) gaining insight into the their childhood origins

Question 50

To help Jenny with her depression,her therapist instructs her to replace her thought,"I must be perfect," with the thought,"I'm a good person and I'm doing the best I can." This technique is most consistent with the assumptions of ____ therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive behavior
C) client-centered
D) object relations

Question 51

The most significant difference between client-centered and Gestalt therapies is that Gestalt therapy ____.

A) incorporates more direct and dramatic methods
B) utilizes more free association techniques
C) does not include imaginary dialogue and role playing
D) has an eclectic approach to therapy

Question 52

Marsha slumped down into her seat as her therapy session began.Her eyes are red,and it is obvious that she has been crying.When her Gestalt therapist asks her how she is doing,she replies,"Oh,I'm just fine." Marsha's therapist will most likely handle the discrepancy between Marsha's behavior and her response by ____.

A) showing Marsha a series of inkblots, hoping that the inkblots might provide insight as to why Marsha is upset
B) modeling appropriate behavior that corresponds to the phrase, "Oh, I'm just fine."
C) pointing out the discrepancy to Marsha and not letting her change the topic until she honestly describes how she feels
D) questioning Marsha about her past to see if she has ever been rewarded for masking her true feelings

Question 53

Pedro is afraid of crossing bridges.A psychologist helps Pedro by first letting him look at bridges and then having him imagine himself standing near a bridge while being in a safe,relaxing environment.Next,the psychologist has Pedro watch a video of a man crossing a bridge in a car and then has him imagine himself crossing that bridge.Eventually,Pedro is able to stay relaxed while he drives over a bridge.This process is called ____.

A) systematic desensitization therapy
B) imagining assertiveness
C) modeling
D) image therapy

Question 54

Magdalena works with teens at the juvenile detention center.She helps the teens practice skills that will help them integrate back into school more effectively.The teens are rewarded when they follow specific rules for appropriate behaviors.This system operates primarily on the use of ____.

A) flooding
B) transference
C) congruence
D) positive reinforcement

Question 55

When Super Instructor first started teaching,he was terrified of speaking in front of groups.As he began his first lecture,he was so nervous that his voice shook and he felt close to tears.By the end of the lecture,he was calm.His experience is an example of the ____ technique,which is based on ____.

A) systematic desensitization therapy; classical conditioning
B) flooding; classical conditioning
C) systematic desensitization therapy; extinction
D) flooding; extinction

Question 56

Lola works with clients who are overcoming social phobias.She often models appropriate social behaviors for shopping or meeting new people at a party.Her hope with this kind of ____ is that her clients will feel more comfortable and effective in their daily interactions with others.

A) systematic desensitization therapy
B) social skills training
C) cognitive restructuring
D) in vivo exposure

Question 57

A client's body language is most likely to be analyzed by a ____ therapist.

A) Gestalt
B) behavioral
C) psychodynamic
D) client-centered

Question 58

Ali has a spider phobia.To overcome this phobia,his therapist has him develop a list of least-to-most feared situations involving spiders.Ali engaged in the least-feared situation,looking at spider pictures in a book.Then he moved to looking at a spider from across a room,touching a spider,and finally getting a tarantula as a pet.This method is known as ____,which incorporates ____.

A) systematic desensitization therapy; in vivo exposure
B) progressive relaxation; imaginal exposure
C) behavior modification; modeling
D) punishment; flooding

Question 59

Molly is very timid and often taken advantage of by others.She seeks psychotherapy to help her overcome this problem.You recommend that she see a behavioral therapist who will help her learn to be more direct and expressive in social situations.This special form of therapy is sometimes called ____.

A) assertiveness training
B) aggressiveness training
C) a token economic program
D) transference

Question 60

Mrs.Burger decides to take her son Neal to a psychologist because he constantly picks his nose in public.Which of the following would be emphasized in a behavioral assessment of Neal's problem?

A) Internal conflicts about identity
B) The frequency of nose-picking behavior
C) Feelings about authority figures
D) Unconscious hostility toward his siblings

Question 61

All of the following are cognitive distortions identified by Aaron Beck except ____.

A) all-or-none thinking
B) personalization
C) catastrophizing
D) transference

Question 62

Alex and Tricia have been married for two years.Recently they felt like they have grown apart.Alex and Tricia plan to attend couples therapy because they know the main goal is to ____.

A) deemphasize how they express their emotions
B) determine who is most responsible
C) improve their communication
D) boost each other's self-confidence

Question 63

Your therapist is helping you to overcome irrational thoughts you have developed.Specifically,he asks you to complete "homework" to help you challenge your false beliefs.Your therapist likely adheres to the principles of ____ therapy.

A) object relations
B) Beck's cognitive
C) client-centered
D) Gestalt

Question 64

During their therapy session,it is clear to Dr.Brennan that Seeley has some illogical beliefs.Whenever he sees someone laughing,he's convinced they are laughing at him.He also harbors the notion that everyone dislikes him when they initially meet him.As a follower of Beck's therapy approach,Dr.Brennan plans to help Seeley confront his ____.

A) latent content
B) cognitive distortions
C) incongruence
D) loose associations

Question 65

Shemp feels sad because people don't think he is as good a comedian as Moe.In talking to his therapist,Shemp discovers that his belief that everyone should adore him is self-defeating.Therapy that identifies and replaces such thoughts is most likely ____ therapy.

A) community
B) Gestalt
C) psychodynamic
D) rational-emotive behavior

Question 66

Bob's therapist designs a program to help him quit drinking.Specifically,he induces nausea each time Bob drinks an alcoholic beverage.Bob's therapist is using a behavioral technique known as ____.

A) modeling
B) aversion conditioning
C) extinction
D) flooding

Question 67

Chuck has a fear of teddy bears.Every time he gets near a teddy bear,he has panic attacks.His therapist has a few tiny teddy bears in her office and has shown Chuck how to hold a teddy bear and not become afraid of it.Chuck practices holding a tiny teddy bear at home.What behavioral technique is Chuck's therapist using?

A) Systematic desensitization therapy
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Assertiveness training
D) Modeling

Question 68

Carlos is an adolescent who has antisocial tendencies.His father threatens to "beat some sense" into Carlos the way his father beat sense into him.Carlos retorts,"If you think your father is so great,why haven't you spoken to him in five years?" Which therapy format would probably work best in this situation?

A) rational-emotive behavior therapy
B) family therapy
C) social skills training
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 69

Usually when Parker goes into an exam,he thinks,"What a dummy I am,always studying the wrong things." This time,however,Parker tries thinking,"I studied some of the right things,and I will do the best I can." Parker is engaging in ____.

A) a defense mechanism
B) cognitive dissonance
C) repression
D) cognitive restructuring

Question 70

Nam has been learning to reduce his test anxiety by using cognitive restructuring.Which thought would be an example of a successful application of his therapy?

A) "I will probably fail this test, so I may as well not worry about it."
B) "I will develop a time management plan to make sure I have enough time to study for tests."
C) "All I want is to do the best job that I can on this test."
D) "I will talk to my friends about my problems more often, instead of keeping them bottled up inside."

Question 71

An individual who has the faulty belief that getting into medical school is the only possible way to have a happy,fulfilling life and who without going to medical school has no reason to live would have this faulty belief directly attacked by the therapist in ____ therapy.

A) punishment
B) rational-emotive behavior
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered

Question 72

Which statement regarding the benefits of group therapy is false?

A) Group therapy tends to raise each client's expectations for improvement.
B) The group experience makes clients more willing to share their feelings.
C) Participants in group therapy deal with their problems without the aid of therapists.
D) Group therapy allows clients to try out new skills in a supportive environment.

Question 73

In couples therapy,Tom and Geraldine hope to salvage their difficult marriage.Tom and Geraldine should expect all of the following from couples therapy except ____.

A) learning to abide by rules of talking
B) recovering from fights by expressing more positive statements
C) learning how to deal with unsolvable problems
D) discussing best practices with other couples in the group sessions

Question 74

To help overcome her need for cigarettes,Januari smokes twenty cigarettes quickly.Although she must do this two days in a row,Januari finally associates smoking with nausea and dizziness.Januari has used ____.

A) aversion conditioning
B) extinction
C) flooding
D) systematic desensitization therapy

Question 75

A therapist and client are working together to identify the client's false beliefs and cognitive distortions.The therapist and client then plan tasks that will allow them to test the client's thoughts and beliefs.The therapist and client are most likely using ____ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) object relations
C) Beck's cognitive
D) Gestalt

Question 76

A young child is suffering from a life-threatening disorder in which he involuntarily regurgitates all food.When no other therapies work,the child is given electric shock to eliminate his vomiting behavior.The electric shock is a form of ____.

A) systematic desensitization therapy
B) positive reinforcement
C) punishment
D) covert sensitization

Question 77

Which form of technology is currently being utilized for the purpose of conducting group therapy meetings?

A) The Internet
B) video games
C) cell phones
D) satellites

Question 78

Super Nanny is visiting the Niemann household to assist in eliminating little Alex's temper tantrums.She decides to set up rules that specify what behaviors will be strengthened or rewarded.Super Nanny has implemented a behavioral technique known as ____.

A) positive reinforcement
B) exposure therapy
C) assertiveness training
D) extinction

Question 79

Before Dr.Frank Castle may use punishment as a therapeutic means of eliminating a disruptive behavior,he is required by ethical and legal guidelines to ask himself if ____.

A) electroconvulsive therapy is the only alternative
B) the client's life is in danger without the treatment
C) the benefits of the approach are based on scientific evidence
D) the client has the agreed consent of at least one other therapist

Question 80

Group therapy is often helpful to a client because it ____.

A) reduces the therapist's case load
B) addresses alliances that prevent healthy communication
C) encourages group members to serve as sources of social support for one another
D) allows family conflicts to surface and be addressed