Deck 18: Neuropsychology

Question 1

Despite the popular view of his time,Franz Gall,an anatomist,asserted that the brain operated based on ____.Though his claim was actually correct,Gall was virtually dismissed because of his approach to understanding personality,known as ____.

A) neural networks; ego analysis
B) localization of function; ego analysis
C) neural networks; phrenology
D) localization of function; phrenology

Answer 1

localization of function; phrenology

Question 2

Freddy suffered from a speech disorder for many years.After he dies,the doctor performs an autopsy and finds an area of damage in his brain that explains the occurrence of his disorder.This damage is referred to as ____.

A) a syndrome
B) a lesion
C) a tangle
D) anomia

Answer 2

a lesion

Question 3

Ruth works in a hospital.She meets with patients who have experienced cerebrovascular accidents and traumatic brain injuries.Often Ruth will run a test battery to determine the psychological damage that has been sustained.Ruth must be a(n)____ neuropsychologist.

A) social
B) experimental
C) clinical
D) forensic

Answer 3

clinical

Question 4

Franz Gall made several assertions about brain areas and their functioning.However,Gall did not assume that ____.

A) brain areas were organized into networks that control specific functions
B) particular brain areas controlled particular aspects of mental life
C) brain areas got bigger as people used them
D) each brain area was associated with a certain personality trait

Question 5

Gino experiences alexia without agraphia,meaning that he cannot read but is still able to write.His experience with this syndrome demonstrates how ____ can operate but not communicate with one another.

A) modules
B) the "what" pathways
C) the "where" pathways
D) nodes

Question 6

Sam wants to learn more about disconnection syndromes.While at the bookstore,he sees several interesting titles but isn't sure which book to buy.Based on your knowledge from class,which title would you recommend?

A) "Coping with Memory Loss."
B) "Impaired Consciousness."
C) "Widespread Damage to the Cerebral Cortex."
D) "Interaction Failure of Brain Modules."

Question 7

Laural is a neuropsychologist who works at a university.She conducts assessments on patients who have brain damage.Her work will allow scientists to better understand performance deficits that occur in relation to specific brain damage.Laural is most likely a(n)____ neuropsychologist.

A) experimental
B) human factors
C) community
D) clinical

Question 8

Slick's head has a bump on the back and in the right.Gaston has an indentation in his head on the front and in the right.When Antoinette feels their heads and notes these features,she concludes that Slick is very socially outgoing and that Gaston is very mathematically inclined.Antoinette most likely supports the principles ____.

A) advocated by Paul Broca
B) of phrenology
C) established by lesion analysis in aphasia
D) of separation between the "what" and "where" pathways

Question 9

Kunita has recently received damage to the corpus callosum and the left occipital lobe of her brain.This damage will most likely cause ____.

A) Wernicke's aphasia.
B) anosognosia
C) alexia without agraphia
D) prosopagnosia

Question 10

Isam is a neuropsychologist studying localization of function.His work on brain modules is based on the understanding that ____.

A) brain functions are accomplished by a network of modules
B) each module operates within a particular brain region
C) each module directly controls a particular brain function
D) networks of modules operate via a spreading activation pattern

Question 11

Which statement best reflects the idea of localization of function?

A) Bumps on the head do not reflect a person's psychological traits.
B) Strokes can cause deficits very suddenly.
C) Patients with Wernicke's aphasia can sound like schizophrenics.
D) Brain damage limited to the left parietal lobe causes ideomotor apraxia.

Question 12

Disconnection syndrome occurs when various modules in a network ____ and are prevented from ____.

A) are damaged; interacting
B) are damaged; firing
C) remain intact; interacting
D) remain intact; firing

Question 13

What is an important assumption in the field of neuropsychology?

A) Different psychological processes are controlled by the same few brain regions.
B) Behavior is motivated primarily by biological sources.
C) Complicated mental tasks involve subtasks that can be studied separately.
D) Only healthy, fully functioning brains can provide insight into psychological processes.

Question 14

"I love my job.I get to perform exciting research on people who have brain damage.I hope that my work can help other professionals to properly assess,diagnose,and treat people who sustain such damage." These are most likely the words of a(n)____.

A) cognitive behavioral psychologist
B) experimental neuropsychologist
C) biopsychosocial psychologist
D) clinical neuropsychologist

Question 15

Bonnie is an experimental neuropsychologist and Clyde is a clinical neuropsychologist.Most likely,Bonnie works in a ____ and Clyde works in a ____.

A) community center; assessment center
B) assessment center; community center
C) hospital; research lab
D) research lab; hospital

Question 16

Broca's findings in localization of function caused a surge of interest in brain research because ____.

A) he offered correlations of specific behaviors and brain lesions seen on autopsy
B) he was the first to posit the idea of localization of function
C) he reintroduced the study of phrenology to the scientific community
D) his work revealed that lesion analysis was an ineffective method of research

Question 17

David is a researcher who studies brain injuries to improve the overall knowledge of brain functioning.Keith works in a health care facility testing patients individually to determine the kind of brain injuries they have sustained.David is a(n)____ neuropsychologist,and Keith is a(n)____ neuropsychologist..

A) clinical; clinical
B) experimental; experimental
C) experimental; clinical
D) clinical; experimental

Question 18

Sangiovese has had a stroke.He now has the inability to write,even though he can still read with difficulty.You can predict that he has developed ____.

A) alexia without agraphia
B) prosopagnosia
C) apraxia
D) aprosodia

Question 19

Next semester,you are enrolling in a Neuropsychology class.This class will involve the study of the relationship between ____.

A) heredity and environment
B) brain processes, behavior, and psychological functioning
C) neurotransmitters and hormones
D) personality, biology, and environment

Question 20

Jessica has recently graduated and found a job as a clinical neuropsychologist.In this career field,she ____.

A) will primarily be a research scientist
B) must have a medical degree (M.D.) to practice
C) mainly examines people with emotional disorders
D) will most likely work in a medical setting

Question 21

A clinical neuropsychologist is meeting with a patient who has sustained brain damage.To ascertain what functions are working properly and what functions are not,the neuropsychologist will likely ____.

A) conduct a case study of the patient
B) first administer a standard test battery and administer additional tests as necessary
C) perform a lesion analysis
D) send the patient to an assessment center before further individualized tests are conducted

Question 22

Clinical neuropsychologists work in medical facilities,where they can ____.

A) conduct their own research and testing
B) perform brain surgeries on patients
C) create neuropsychological assessments that establish norms
D) work with physicians who focus on the treatment of brain disorders

Question 23

Aparna works in a hospital.She administers neuropsychological assessments to patients that may have brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases.In her assessments,she is most likely to begin by administering ____ and then following up with ____ as relevant to each patient.

A) psychoactive drugs; psychotherapy
B) psychotherapy; psychoactive drugs
C) a standard battery of tests; a set of uniquely tailored assessments
D) a set of uniquely tailored assessments; a standard battery of tests

Question 24

Most neuropsychologists earn their graduate degrees in ____ psychology with an emphasis in neuropsychology.

A) clinical
B) community
C) abnormal
D) social

Question 25

A neuropsychologist may perform a lesion analysis to determine what brain functions have been damaged.More specifically,the neuropsychologist will attempt to discover what abilities in a complex mental task have become ____.

A) reversed
B) dissociated
C) internalized
D) externalized

Question 26

Nadia studies patients who have trouble speaking after damage to the left frontal lobe.She wants to determine how functions are impaired by damage in this area.Nadia will likely perform ____.

A) lesion analysis
B) objective personality tests
C) RAS scans.
D) the Korsakoff battery

Question 27

Agatha works on a research team that investigates damaged brain functions.Agatha is a(n)____ neuropsychologist who is likely to conduct ____ as part of her work.

A) clinical; lobotomies
B) clinical; lesion analyses
C) experimental; lobotomies
D) experimental; lesion analyses

Question 28

Lesion analysis is an important process for neuropsychologists because ____.

A) they can remove tissue damaged from a stroke
B) it helps determine what function has been damaged
C) they can limit the damage caused by neurodegenerative disease
D) it can support the principles of phrenology

Question 29

Neuropsychological assessments that are uniquely tailored to a patient are helpful because they ____.

A) help to establish norms
B) have been carefully validated
C) are compared with established averages to determine deviant or unusual scores
D) can pinpoint the specific problems the patient is most likely to have

Question 30

A person's recovery after a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)is least dependent on ____.

A) how quickly the CVA was treated
B) how much force was involved in the head injury
C) the health of the remaining brain tissue
D) the kind of rehabilitation the patient seeks

Question 31

In her position at the hospital,Bea administers neuropsychological assessments to the patients she meets.These assessments ____.

A) assess a wide range of mental functions
B) create a phrenological map of a patient's brain
C) focus on the coping skills of patients with brain damage
D) identify a person's ego identity

Question 32

As a clinical neuropsychologist,Umberto often administers many different neuropsychological assessments for each patient for a number of reasons.The least likely reason for his approach is to ____.

A) establish an overall pattern
B) assess a range of psychological functioning
C) measure individual functions separately
D) increase interrater reliability

Question 33

A neuropsychologist is about to administer the Halstead-Reitan Battery and the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychology Battery.These are examples of ____.

A) standard tests
B) uniquely tailored assessments
C) projective measures
D) validation studies

Question 34

Before Roy can be licensed to practice neuropsychology,he must first complete an internship.His internship will ____.

A) last about six months
B) include mentoring and close supervision
C) likely take place in a private practice
D) mostly comprise teaching and conducting research

Question 35

After Kenny survived a freak ping-pong accident,his friends assured him that he would make a full recovery.However,Kenny's recovery is not certain because a traumatic brain injury ____.

A) involves irreversible brain damage due to loss of blood supply
B) can cause widespread damage and involve many aspects of functioning
C) is a type of neurodegenerative disease that is still not completely understood
D) causes a thiamine deficiency that eventually kills healthy brain cells

Question 36

Lola educates her community about the dangers of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA).She believes her work is especially important because ____.

A) CVA victims may not be immediately aware that anything is wrong.
B) CVAs usually affect brain areas far from the point of origin.
C) the gradual process of cell damage in the brain may go unnoticed for years
D) it is impossible for patients to recover brain functions damaged by a CVA

Question 37

Chris is hit in the head by a misguided lawn dart.Chris may have suffered brain damage due to ____.

A) neurodegenerative disease
B) a cerebrovascular accident
C) a traumatic brain injury
D) hemiparesis

Question 38

Bailey suddenly developed a neurological problem after a blood vessel to the brain became blocked.Bailey has ____.

A) a neurodegenerative disease
B) had a cerebrovascular accident
C) sustained traumatic brain injury
D) epilepsy

Question 39

Lewis typically administers a neuropsychological assessment that is uniquely tailored to each of his patients.Lewis does this because tailored assessments ____.

A) provide a standardized analysis of all aspects of psychological functioning
B) are the easiest assessments performed by clinical neuropsychologists
C) focus more on a patient's specific problems
D) have strongly established norms

Question 40

A neuropsychologist wants to determine what specific psychological functions are affected by damage to a specific brain area in a group of patients.The neuropsychologist will likely perform a(n)____.

A) phrenological exam
B) prefrontal lobotomy
C) lesion analysis
D) hemiparesis

Question 41

Lyle,an amnesic patient,thinks that he has met you before."I remember you because of your red hat.And I was your boss at the mayor's office in Cleveland.I was the mayor then,you know.We had many dinners together,and you used to order the Delmonico steaks with onion rings on top." Lyle firmly believes these things are true,yet none of them really happened.Lyle has damaged the ____ of his brain.

A) hippocampus
B) mediodorsal thalamus
C) corpus callosum
D) Wernicke's area

Question 42

Alexander has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.This neurodegenerative disease gradually affects Alexander's functions by ____.

A) disrupting his "where" neural pathways
B) cutting off the blood supply to parts of his brain
C) disabling entire modules in the neural network
D) stopping certain brain cells from working properly

Question 43

Noreen experiences both anterograde amnesia and confabulations.These are key symptoms that indicate Noreen suffers from ____.

A) Huntington's disease.
B) Korsakoff's syndrome.
C) reticular formation disruption
D) prosopagnosia

Question 44

H.M.lived with anterograde amnesia.Given the description of his condition in the textbook,what would have been the hardest thing for patient H.M.to do?

A) Describe the meal he had on a previous night.
B) Recognize that he has a memory problem.
C) Speak fluently.
D) Recall details of his childhood.

Question 45

Traumatic brain injury is particularly damaging because the brain is not firmly attached to the skull.Rather,it floats in a bath of ____.Therefore,head trauma causes the brain to move,which can ____.

A) pleural fluid; rupture the blood-brain barrier
B) pleural fluid; tear nerve fibers
C) cerebrospinal fluid; rupture the blood-brain barrier
D) cerebrospinal fluid; tear nerve fibers

Question 46

When Karla sees her doctor,she tells him the tale of how they met in high school.Even though the story is false,Karla believes it is true.She also cannot form new memories.Karla probably ____.

A) has Broca's aphasia
B) has a headache
C) is an alcoholic
D) suffers from Alzheimer's disease

Question 47

After a brain surgery in 1950 to stop epileptic seizures,Barbara was no longer able to form new memories.If you asked Barbara what she thought about the Internet,she would ____.

A) be able to write her thoughts but not verbalize them
B) be able to verbalize her thoughts but not write them
C) speak haltingly in short sentences
D) not understand what the word Internet meant

Question 48

Marta is prone to a condition known as confabulation.That means that Marta ____.

A) ignores everything in the left side of space relative to her body position
B) unknowingly creates false memories
C) cannot understand spoken language or produce sensible speech
D) experiences periods of abnormally impaired or elevated levels of consciousness

Question 49

Ryan cannot recall a list of words that was read to him sixty minutes ago.Even when he is given multiple choices to choose from or clues about each word,he cannot recall the words.Most likely,Ryan's memory problem is caused by damage to what brain area?

A) corpus callosum
B) reticular formation
C) Broca's area
D) hippocampus

Question 50

Gavin has recently sustained a traumatic brain injury.This kind of injury occurs when an impact to the head causes the brain to ____.

A) lose cerebrospinal fluid
B) stretch and tear because of violent movement
C) deteriorate due to a loss of oxygen and blood
D) shut down certain cortices as an internal failsafe

Question 51

Bert cannot form new memories,but he is able to accurately recall his childhood memories from before his stroke.Ernie cannot form new memories and often recalls memories that did not happen.Based on this information,it appears that Bert has ____,and Ernie has ____.

A) anterograde amnesia; Korsakoff's psychosis
B) Korsakoff's psychosis; anterograde amnesia
C) ideational apraxia; ideomotor apraxia
D) ideomotor apraxia; ideational apraxia

Question 52

If Orville was diagnosed with anterograde amnesia,you know this condition could be caused by all of the following except ____.

A) damage to the hippocampus
B) infections
C) a cerebrovascular accident
D) disruption to the reticular formation

Question 53

The National Football League is trying to minimize the number of brain traumas athletes suffer in sports concussions by providing stricter guidelines and better helmets.These types of injuries can lead to ____,characterized by a progressive cognitive decline that worsen after the brain injury.

A) chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
B) cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) neurodegeneration

Question 54

Beverly has been diagnosed with Korsakoff's psychosis.This has likely been caused by ____,which depletes the medial dorsal thalamus of ____.

A) a cerebrovascular accident; thiamine
B) a cerebrovascular accident; norepinephrine
C) alcoholism; thiamine
D) alcoholism; norepinephrine

Question 55

Bethany is learning about disconnection syndrome.Though she's seen the word syndrome many times,she never really knew what it meant.After reading more,she now understands that it refers to ____.

A) a reduction in or loss of consciousness
B) an illness with either few or very mild consequences
C) a pattern of symptoms
D) damage to a specific brain region

Question 56

After an assessment,Dr.Find diagnoses her patient Lily as having a disorder of communication.According to the text,this is a kind of ____.

A) aphasia
B) neuropsychological disorder
C) localization of dysfunction
D) neurodegenerative disease

Question 57

Anterograde amnesia is often caused by damage to the ____,whereas Korsakoff's syndrome is caused by damaged to the ____.

A) hippocampus; reticular formation
B) hippocampus; thalamus
C) hypothalamus; reticular formation
D) hypothalamus; thalamus

Question 58

Hannah is collecting pamphlets on various neuropsychological disorders.If she finds the four following pamphlets,she can immediately rule out which one as not being a neuropsychological disorder?

A) Amnestic Disorders
B) Perceptual Disturbances
C) Dementia
D) Personality Disorders

Question 59

Hank has a brain problem that has gradually developed during the past three years.Hank most likely ____.

A) has a neurodegenerative disease
B) sustained traumatic brain injury
C) had a cerebrovascular accident
D) suffers from delirium

Question 60

Amnestic disorders all share the common feature of ____.

A) confabulations
B) neurodegeneration
C) anomia
D) memory loss

Question 61

For the past two days,Gertruda has been hallucinating.She alternates between being overattentive to every little sight and sound in the room and being a bit sleepy and less alert.She cannot maintain a coherent conversation because she seems to forget everything very quickly,and she uses nonsensical words.Gertruda has ____.

A) delirium
B) dementia
C) a dissociation syndrome
D) Huntington's disease.

Question 62

You are required to find and critique a movie that portrays a neuropsychological disorder.You are looking for a movie in which a person's ability to be fully aware of the world around him is impaired.In other words,you are looking for a movie that portrays a(n)____.

A) amnestic disruption
B) consciousness disturbance
C) language disruption
D) perceptual disturbance

Question 63

If Dr.Thomas is concerned whether her patient has anosognosia or may be unconsciously denying their symptoms,she could perform a Wada test.By temporarily "turning off" ____,she can ask the patient to report any experience of ____.

A) the reticular formation; pain
B) either the left or right hemisphere of the brain; paralysis
C) the mediodorsal region of the thalamus; pain
D) the corpus callosum; paralysis

Question 64

If a person damages any part of the system that interprets information brought in through the body's senses,that person would experience ____.

A) a perceptual disturbance
B) cognitive dissonance
C) a consciousness disturbance
D) neurodegeneration

Question 65

In cases in which consciousness is impaired due to widespread damage to both sides of the cerebral cortex,what would be the most likely cause?

A) tumor
B) genetic abnormalities
C) cerebrovascular accident
D) alcohol

Question 66

As a clinical neuropsychologist,Jasper meets with a lot of patients who have various disorders.Jasper finds that it is difficult to test people with delirium,mostly because ____.

A) their distracted attention makes them uncooperative
B) they are in a persistent vegetative state
C) their memories have been impaired
D) they are partially paralyzed and do not know it

Question 67

Sam had a cerebrovascular accident,causing him to become paralyzed in the left arm and leg.His doctor asked him,"So,what seems to be wrong with you?" Sam answered,"Nothing,Doc.I'm perfectly normal." From this information,you can conclude that Sam has ____.

A) a neurodegenerative disorder
B) agnosia
C) a very small amount of brain damage
D) anosognosia

Question 68

Nigel is undergoing the Wada test.Suddenly,he becomes weak on the left side of his body.This means that he ____.

A) has suffered a cerebrovascular accident
B) will have a long recovery ahead of him
C) is likely to show aphasia
D) will probably experience anosognosia

Question 69

Kareena has hemiparesis.From this information,you know that she has ____.

A) had a cerebrovascular accident
B) weakness on one side of her body
C) anosognosia
D) left-sided brain damage

Question 70

Anosognosia can have serious consequences because ____.

A) it affects more than 50 percent of stroke victims
B) the patient cannot be made aware of the condition
C) it can lead to irreversible hemineglect
D) the patient is unlikely to seek treatment

Question 71

All that you know about Alejandra is she has a perceptual disturbance that is affecting her "where" visual perception system.This damage can result in the experience of ____.

A) visual agnosia
B) receptive aprosodia
C) simultanagnosia
D) Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 72

Vicki has been diagnosed with anosognosia.Knowing what you have learned from the textbook,Vicki ____.

A) probably received damage to the right side of her brain
B) is more likely to also have Huntington's disease
C) will want to seek medical attention but will not know how to do so
D) will alternate between periods of high and low consciousness

Question 73

Yasuo has damaged his reticular formation.He is most likely to develop ____.

A) alexia without agraphia
B) phonemic but not semantic paraphasias
C) mild cognitive impairment
D) a persistent vegetative state

Question 74

Rosie is paralyzed on one side of her body but does not seem to be aware of it.The most likely explanation of her condition is ____.

A) the ego defense mechanism denial
B) a true lack of awareness
C) a stress-coping tendency
D) a retrospective bias

Question 75

After a car accident,Astor is in a coma and Cody is in a persistent vegetative state.If the same brain area is implicated in each of their situations,it would most likely be the ____.

A) hippocampus
B) reticular formation
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 76

Kevin learns that his ex-girlfriend,Brittany,has been diagnosed with delirium.Unfamiliar with this disorder,he visits a medical website and learns that delirium is caused by ____,and the effects tend to be ____.

A) a genetic disorder; temporary
B) infections; temporary
C) a genetic disorder; permanent
D) infections; permanent

Question 77

Delirium can be caused by a number of factors.The least likely of these is ____.

A) poisoning
B) a side effect of medication
C) severe anxiety
D) an infection that has reached the bloodstream

Question 78

Damage to the "what" perceptual systems may result in the experience of ____.

A) anomia
B) prosopagnosia
C) simultanagnosia
D) ideomotor apraxia

Question 79

Marta studies patients who have hemiparesis.She believes that a person's coping strategy can predict how likely they are to deny their paralysis.She asks family members of each patient to recall how the person dealt with stress prior to the onset of hemiparesis.One problem with this approach is the potential for ____ when the family is asked to recall information about coping and denial.

A) inattentional blindness
B) motivated forgetting
C) decay
D) retrospective bias

Question 80

Joey has a visual agnosia.When he looks at a drawing of a flower,you should expect that he ____.

A) could name it
B) could draw a copy of it
C) would ignore the left side of it
D) could recognize it