Deck 5: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Pathophysiology

Question 1

Patients seen after having a myocardial infraction (MI)recover at various rates depending on the complicated versus uncomplicated nature of the MI.What is the most important factor for determining the prognosis of a patient for a physical therapist planning a rehabilitation program for that patient after MI?

A) Persistence of angina
B) Extent of ventricular damage
C) Use of nitrates versus antiarrhythmic agents
D) Pre-insult exercise intensity

Answer 1

B
Determining the difference between a transmural,subepicardial,and subendocardial infarct leads the physical therapist to plan the intensity of a program and determine the monitoring needs of the patient.

Question 2

Systemic hypertension presents with:

A) stiff peripheral arteries and dilated arterioles.
B) stiff central arteries and dilated arterioles.
C) normal peripheral arteries and constricted arterioles.
D) stiff central arteries and stiff peripheral arteries.

Answer 2

C
Patients with systemic HTN present with stiff central arteries,normal peripheral arteries,arteriolar constriction,metabolic abnormalities,cardiac hypertrophy,and increased blood pressure variability.

Question 3

A patient who survives a complicate myocardial infarction is at a direct risk of developing:

A) type II diabetes mellitus.
B) heart failure.
C) sarcoidosis.
D) athletic heart syndrome.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following conditions or diseases is NOT considered to be a restrictive lung disorder (RLD)?

A) Pregnancy
B) Bronchiectasis
C) Lung cancer
D) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Question 5

Bullae present in the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)because of:

A) increased elasticity and compliance in the lung
B) decreased elasticity and alveolar hyperinflation
C) increased elasticity and alveolar hypoinflation
D) decreased elasticity and compliance in the lung

Question 6

A patient recovering from cardiac surgery is at risk for developing which type of dysrhythmia?

A) Sinus tachycardia
B) Ventricular tachycardia
C) Conduction block
D) Atrial fibrillation

Question 7

Hypercholesterolemia can lead to other cardiovascular diagnoses because:

A) it is always associated with atherosclerotic disease.
B) it increases the blood coagulation rate and increases the risk of blood clot formation.
C) it changes the structure and function of endothelial tissue.
D) it changes the heart rate.

Question 8

A physical therapist concluding a medical records review before meeting the patient finds the following notation in the medical record."A large anterior transmural infarct" From all accounts,the therapist would assume the patient had:

A) blockage of the left coronary artery and partial wall damage.
B) blockage of the left coronary artery and full wall damage.
C) blockage of the right coronary artery and partial wall damage.
D) blockage of the right coronary artery and full wall damage.

Question 9

In patients with moderate COPD,the pulmonary function tests usually result in a predicted FEV₁/FVC ratio of ____ and FEV₁ of ____:

A) <40%, ≥60%
B) <50%, ≥80%
C) <70%, 50% to 80%
D) <70% and 30% to 40%

Question 10

Identifying risk factors is an important step in educating patients and clients about their overall health.Of the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis,some are considered primary and others secondary.All of the following listed are primary risk factors EXCEPT:

A) high blood pressure.
B) cigarette smoking.
C) race or ethnicity.
D) hyperlipidemia.

Question 11

To distinguish between right- and left-sided heart failure,the health care practitioner should likely have the patient undergo which diagnostic imaging procedure?

A) Computed tomography
B) Magnetic resonance imaging
C) Fluoroscopy with contrast medium
D) Doppler echocardiography

Question 12

Much attention has been placed on cardiovascular health in recent years with atherosclerosis being discussed in advertisements.Atherosclerosis is the result of hypercholesterolemia.What effect does this condition have on the cardiovascular system?

A) Myocardial contractility is altered
B) Ischemic heart disease
C) Alters structure and function of cell membranes
D) Alters smooth muscle and conduction properties

Question 13

Vascular calcification leads to reduced compliance and increased pulse pressure.This condition is an established marker for which of the following?

A) Hypertension
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Cardiac arrhythmias
D) Atherosclerosis

Question 14

All of the following can present during an asthma attack EXCEPT:
A) chest tightness.

A) the expiratory phase of breathing is prolonged.
B) breath sounds diminish with progressive hyperinflation.
D) the inspiratory phase of breathing is prolonged.

Question 15

Stable angina pectoris is responsive to:

A) nitrates.
B) calcium channel blockers.
C) beta-blockers.
D) ACE inhibitors.

Question 16

Which of the following conditions or diseases is NOT considered to be a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A) Emphysema
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Kyphoscoliosis
D) Asthma

Question 17

A physical therapist working with patients in cardiac rehabilitation should be able to discern anginal pain.One major difference between stable and unstable angina is:

A) brought on by stress (psychological or emotional).
B) duration (time with intense pain).
C) brought on by activity (physical exertion or exercise).
D) none of the above.

Question 18

Angina is an ischemic cardiac event.Most often individuals experiencing angina are prescribed pharmacologic agent.Which anginal event most often is treated with a calcium channel blocker?

A) Angina pectoris
B) Variant angina
C) Stable angina
D) Unstable angina

Question 19

What condition results in hemodynamic maladaptations,stiff central arteries,cardiac hypertrophy,and blood pressure variability?

A) Athletic heart syndrome
B) Systemic hypertension
C) Obstructive lung disease
D) Pulmonary hypertension

Question 20

The known causes of pulmonary fibrosis are either environmental or occupational.All of the following are known causes EXCEPT:

A) inhaled fungi spores.
B) toxic gases.
C) drugs or poisons.
D) inorganic dust.