Deck 8: History

Question 1

Which best describes orthopnea?

A) Dyspnea that occurs when the patient is in the recumbent position
B) Dyspnea that occurs when the patient is in the sitting position
C) Dyspnea that occurs when the patient is in the standing position
D) Dyspnea that occurs when the patient is in the inverted position

Answer 1

A
Orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when the patient is in the recumbent position.

Question 2

Which is not a cause of coughing?

A) Congestive heart failure
B) Aortic aneurysms decreasing pressure on the bronchi
C) A large left atrium displacing the left mainstem bronchus upward
D) Acute left-side heart failure

Answer 2

B
An aortic aneurysm would increase pressure on the bronchi.

Question 3

Which best describes cardiac chest pain?

A) Chest pain originates from the parietal pleura or endothoracic fascia.
B) Deep breathing, coughing, and laughing are extremely painful.
C) There is a characteristic buildup, or escalation, of angina pain.
D) There is a characteristic cessation, or deescalation, of angina pain.

Answer 3

C
Pleural pain is chest pain that originates from the parietal pleura or endothoracic fascia.Also with pleural pain,deep breathing,coughing,and laughing are extremely painful.Angina pain escalates.

Question 4

Which is not phase of the couch mechanism?

A) Compressive phase
B) Inspiratory phase
C) Expansive phase
D) Expiratory phase

Question 5

Which is true regarding wheezing?

A) Wheezing in cardiac patients is a manifestation of widened airways and thickened bronchial walls as a result of pulmonary edema.
B) Is commonly caused by laryngotracheal narrowing from a tracheostomy scar, trauma of intubation, laryngeal paralysis, epiglottitis, or tumors.
C) It's defined as shortness of breath at rest but not during exertion.
D) If first reported in patients older than the age of 40 years, is often related to heart failure.

Question 6

Which best defines dyspnea?

A) Shortness of breath when the patient assumes the sitting position from the supine position
B) Shortness of breath in one lateral position but not the other
C) Chest pain that originates from the parietal pleura
D) The sensation of difficulty in breathing

Question 7

Which is not true regarding pleural chest pain?

A) Chest pain originates from the parietal pleura or endothoracic fascia.
B) Chest pain originates from the parietal pleura or visceral pleura.
C) Pleuritic chest pain worsens sharply with inspiration.
D) Deep breathing, coughing, and laughing are extremely painful.

Question 8

What is the measurement of the internal surface of the lungs?

A) 50 to 100 m³
B) 100 to 150 m³
C) 10 to 50 m³
D) 500 to 1000 m³

Question 9

Which is not a basic cause of dyspnea?

A) An abnormality in the ventilatory system itself
B) An increase in the work of breathing
C) A decrease in the work of breathing
D) An increased awareness of normal breathing

Question 10

Which is not a neurologic abnormality resulting in dyspnea?

A) Spinal cord injury
B) Fibrotic lung disease
C) Ascending polyneuritis
D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 11

Which best describes esophageal chest pain?

A) It is usually found in patients with mitral stenosis.
B) This type of chest pain usually is absent at rest, occurs during exertion, and is invariably associated with dyspnea.
C) It may be accompanied by syncope and the Raynaud phenomenon.
D) It is often confused with cardiac pain because it is located substernally.

Question 12

When conducting an interview regarding cardiopulmonary concerns,which is most important?

A) Lead the questions.
B) Hurry through the evaluation.
C) Allow the patient time to fully describe his or her symptoms.
D) Only pull the history from the chart.

Question 13

Which is not true regarding chest wall pain?

A) Its association with trunk motions (flexion, extension, rotation) distinguishes it from pleuritic chest pain.
B) There is localized anterior chest pain as a result of costochondritis of the second to fourth costosternal articulations.
C) Chest wall pain is the most common type of chest pain.
D) It is often confused with cardiac pain because it is located substernally, has a squeezing or aching quality, and may radiate into one or both arms.

Question 14

Which best describes platypnea?

A) Onset of dyspnea when the patient assumes the sitting position from the supine position
B) Onset of dyspnea when the patient assumes the prone position from the supine position
C) Onset of dyspnea when the patient assumes the sitting position from the standing position
D) Onset of dyspnea when the patient assumes the standing position from the prone position

Question 15

Which is not true regarding dyspnea in cardiopulmonary patients?

A) Is not usually related to metabolic acidosis-induced hydrogen ion stimulus.
B) Increased pressure in the right side of the heart and pulmonary circulation during exertion may stimulate mechanoreceptors that increase ventilation and induce dyspnea.
C) A recent onset of dyspnea is more characteristic of heart failure than of chronic lung disease, which has a longer, more insidious onset.
D) Acute pulmonary problems such as pneumothorax, atelectasis, pneumonia, and other conditions superimposed on chronic lung disease can also explain a recent intensification of symptoms.

Question 16

In regards to pulmonary hypertension,which of the following is not true?

A) Sitting up and leaning forward or lying on the right side often relieves the pain.
B) Chest pain related to pulmonary hypertension may mimic angina pectoris.
C) It is usually found in patients with mitral stenosis.
D) It is believed to result from dilation of the pulmonary artery or from right ventricular ischemia.

Question 17

Which of the following would cause an abnormality in the ventilator pump?

A) Kyphoscoliosis
B) Large pleural effusions
C) Phrenic nerve injuries
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which is true regarding dyspnea on exertion?

A) Dyspnea on exertion is not a common complaint of patients with cardiopulmonary dysfunction.
B) Dyspnea during exercise or exertion usually follows dyspnea at rest.
C) Dyspnea during exercise or exertion usually precedes dyspnea at rest.
D) It is not a concern with those with congestive heart failure.

Question 19

How does obtaining an occupational history help your assessment?

A) It provides information regarding attire.
B) It provides information about cognitive capability.
C) It provides information about chemical exposure.
D) It provides no useful information.

Question 20

Which is true regarding paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)?

A) The patient usually falls asleep in the sitting position and 1 or 2 hours later, awakens from sleep with acute shortness of breath.
B) The mechanism of PND is the transfer of fluid from intravascular tissues into the bloodstream (or extravascularly) during sleep.
C) Classic PND is resolved by elevating the lower extremities in the supine position.
D) This symptom has strong predictive value as a sign of CHF.