Deck 9: Pulmonary Function Tests

Question 1

Which best describes an obstructive condition of the lungs?

A) A condition that limits the amount of volume coming into the lungs
B) A condition that increases air volume coming into the lungs
C) A condition that increases the volume in exhalation
D) A condition that relates to problems in exhalation airflow

Answer 1

D
A condition that relates to problems in exhalation airflow best describes an obstructive condition of the lungs.A condition that limits the amount of volume coming into the lungs and a condition that increases air volume coming into the lungs deal with inhalation.A condition that increases the volume in exhalation should note a decrease in the volume of exhalation.

Question 2

What can occur when the dead space of the lungs increases?

A) A larger percentage of the tidal volume is ventilating the dead space, leaving a smaller percentage for alveolar ventilation.
B) The patient does not have to work as hard to fill the alveoli.
C) There is better lung perfusion.
D) Patient fatigue lessens.

Answer 2

A
Fatigue and work increase; lung perfusion decreases.

Question 3

Which best describes a restrictive condition of the lungs?

A) A condition that relates to restrictions in exhalation airflow
B) A condition that limits the amount of volume coming into the lungs
C) A condition that increases air volume coming into the lungs
D) A condition that increases the volume in exhalation

Answer 3

B
A condition that limits the amount of volume coming into the lungs is the best description of an overall restrictive condition of the lungs.

Question 4

Which best describes the work of breathing?

A) The tidal volume (TV) divided by the respiratory rate (RR)
B) The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) times the respiratory rate (RR)
C) The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) divided by the respiratory rate (RR)
D) The tidal volume (TV) times the respiratory rate (RR)

Question 5

When should spirometric measurements be considered a vital sign?

A) In those younger than 40 years of age
B) In those who do not smoke
C) In those with normal mucous production
D) In those with unexplained wheezing

Question 6

Which is not true regarding lung capacities?

A) Lung capacity is all of the lung volumes added together.
B) Total lung capacity (TLC) is the amount of gas the lung contains at the end of a maximum inspiration.
C) Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of gas that can be expelled from the lungs by forceful effort after a maximum inspiration.
D) Inspiration capacity (IC) is the maximum amount of air that can be inspired when starting at the resting expiratory level.

Question 7

Which of the following is true?

A) Additional contributing factors, such as morbid obesity, pregnancy, an enlarged heart, and pulmonary effusion, may involve increase of expansion of the lungs.
B) Residual volume (RV) is the volume of gas that remains in the lungs at the beginning of a maximum expiration.
C) A decrease in vital capacity (VC) may also be seen without primary lung disease or airway obstruction.
D) Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the resting expiratory level. It contains the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and the inspiration capacity (IC).

Question 8

What is maximum voluntary ventilation?

A) A measure of the maximum breathing capacity of the patient
B) The maximum amount of air that can be inspired when starting at the resting expiratory level
C) The maximum amount of gas that can be expelled from the lungs by forceful effort after a maximum inspiration
D) The volume of gas that remains in the lungs at the end of a maximum expiration

Question 9

Which is true regarding closing volumes of the lungs?

A) The closing volume is 10% of the vital capacity in young, healthy individuals.
B) It increases with age and is 80% of the vital capacity at age 65 years.
C) Closing volume is used as an aid in the diagnosis of large airway disease.
D) It is not effective in evaluating treatment or drug response.

Question 10

When is a pulmonary function test indicated and ordered?

A) When a patient complains of increased chest pain accompanied with good lung function
B) When a physician is concerned with increased cardiac output
C) When a patient goes to a primary physician or a specialist with complaints of shortness of breath, cough, decreased activity, and dyspnea
D) When a patient is concerned regarding his or her ability to increase running from 10 to 15 miles

Question 11

Which best describes the anatomical dead space in the lungs?

A) The volume of air from the trachea to the terminal bronchi
B) The volume of air in the alveoli, trachea, and mouth
C) The volume of air from the bronchial tree, including the alveoli
D) The volume of air in the trachea to the terminal bronchi proportionate to half a person's body weight

Question 12

In regards to vital capacity (VC),which is true?

A) It contains the IRV, TV, and TLC.
B) An increase in VC can occur as a result of absolute reduction in distensible lung tissue.
C) A decrease in VC may also be seen only with primary lung disease or airway obstruction.
D) VC is the maximum amount of gas that can be expelled from the lungs by forceful effort after a maximum inspiration.

Question 13

What effects does aging have on airway closure?

A) Airway closure occurs at lower lung volumes.
B) A loss of pulmonary elastic recoil results in an increase of intrapleural negative pressure.
C) A loss of pulmonary elastic recoil results in a loss of intrapleural negative pressure.
D) Airway closer is improved with smoking and changes in body shape.

Question 14

Which of the following would not contribute to preoperative complications with pulmonary function tests?

A) Smoking
B) Younger age
C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D) Obesity

Question 15

Which is not true regarding total lung capacity (TLC)?

A) TLC is the amount of gas the lung contains at the end of a maximum inspiration.
B) A decrease in TLC may be seen in restrictive lung disease, such as pulmonary fibrosis.
C) It is made up of inspiration capacity (IC) and functional residual capacity (FRC).
D) An increase in TLC may be seen in atelectasis, neoplasms, pleural effusions, and hemothorax.