Deck 14: Special Tests

Question 1

What is the strongest radionuclide predictor of patient outcome?

A) Exercise LVEF
B) First-pass study
C) Pharmacologic stress study
D) Gated equilibrium scan

Answer 1

A
The strongest radionuclide predictor of outcome is the exercise LVEF.When predicting outcome,radionuclide results (exercise LVEF,resting end-diastolic volume,and change in heart rate)have been shown to have the same prognostic power as the catheterization data.

Question 2

Which testing provides direct measurements of heart chamber pressures,blood flow,and oxygen saturation?

A) Cardiac ventriculography
B) Echocardiography
C) Computed tomography
D) Cardiac catheterization

Answer 2

D
The procedure for cardiac catheterization of the left side of the heart requires the threading of a catheter,guided by fluoroscopy,through the femoral artery or brachial artery to the aorta.Direct measurements of chamber pressures,blood flow,and oxygen saturation can be obtained.

Question 3

Which technology uses nuclear magnetic resonance to build tissue images?

A) CT
B) PET
C) MRI
D) Radiography

Answer 3

C
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),adopted clinically in the 1970s,uses nuclear magnetic resonance to build tissue images,that is,nuclei are made to resonate in a magnetic field.

Question 4

Which is not one of the three basic components of a radionuclide imaging system?

A) Radiopharmaceutical agent
B) Radiation detector or camera
C) Computer
D) Surgical scalpels and sutures

Question 5

Which test for the cardiovascular system would be most appropriate for a patient with an irregular heart beat who has difficulty exercising?

A) Treadmill stress test
B) First-pass study
C) Gated equilibrium scan
D) Pharmacologic stress study

Question 6

Which is not an advantage of using technetium radionuclides versus thallium radionuclides?

A) Higher count rates
B) Higher energy
C) It redistributes readily
D) None of the above

Question 7

Which type of contractile dysfunction delineated by myocardial perfusion imaging is the result of prolonged ischemia?

A) Myocardial stunning
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Hibernating myocardium
D) All of the above

Question 8

What is the advantage of using an 11-C-Acetate isotope versus 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose to study myocardial metabolism?

A) It does not rely on substrate use.
B) It crosses the capillary membrane at a rate proportional to that of glucose.
C) It becomes trapped in the myocardium.
D) All of the above

Question 9

What type of imaging is not appropriate for an overly obese patient or one who is unable to remain immobile?

A) SPECT
B) Planar
C) Echocardiography
D) Radionuclide

Question 10

Which of the following is a measure of myocardial function?

A) Myocardial stunning
B) Ejection fraction
C) Ventilation-perfusion
D) All of the above

Question 11

What is the purpose of a ventilation-perfusion lung scan?

A) To diagnose pulmonary embolism
B) To monitor the response to radiotherapy
C) To predict whether someone can tolerate a pneumonectomy
D) All of the above

Question 12

Which characteristic of blood is measured using Doppler echocardiography?

A) Viscosity
B) Velocity of flow
C) Hematocrit
D) Volume

Question 13

Which testing is performed with FDG isotopes as a diagnostic tool for pulmonary nodules and mass lesions?

A) PET
B) Gallium scintigraphy
C) Ventilation-perfusion lung scan
D) Angiography

Question 14

What type of imaging is valuable in delineating myocardial areas with reversible and irreversible injury and uses short scanning times of 5" to 35"?

A) SPECT
B) PET
C) Planar
D) TEE

Question 15

What is the normal range for left ventricular ejection fractions?

A) <40%
B) 35% to 50%
C) 50% to 85%
D) >85%

Question 16

Which of the following-the modality of choice for pericardium evaluation-also allows the measurement of right and left ventricular volumes,ejection fraction,and cardiac output?

A) CT
B) MRI
C) Radiography
D) Echocardiography

Question 17

What testing is considered the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism?

A) Echocardiography
B) Pulmonary angiography
C) Computed tomography
D) Ventilation-perfusion lung scan

Question 18

Which of the following is primarily used to assess the extent of regurgitant jets across "leaky valves?"

A) Color-flow Doppler echocardiography
B) Computed tomography
C) Cardiac ventriculography
D) PET scan

Question 19

Which type of imaging uses x-rays and collimators to allow for the visualization of cross-sectional slices of body organs?

A) PET
B) CT
C) SPECT
D) Planar

Question 20

Which of the following may be used as a diagnostic tool or as a form of treatment?

A) Ventilation-perfusion lung scan
B) PET
C) MRI
D) Bronchoscopy