Deck 16: Monitoring Systems, catheters, and Devices in the Intensive Care Unit

Question 1

Which assessment of arousal and brain activity includes a review of motor,sensory,pain,arousal,and cognitive status?

A) Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale
B) Glasgow Coma Scale
C) Electroencephalogram
D) FACES scale

Answer 1

B
The Glasgow Coma Scale is a tool for the assessment and evaluation of the adequacy of basic brain function; it includes review of motor,sensory,pain,arousal,and cognitive status.An electroencephalogram provides useful information about gross cerebral functioning and changes in level of consciousness.The FACES scale is used to assess a patient's pain.

Question 2

Which of the following refers to acute reductions in arterial carbon dioxide levels?

A) Hypoxia
B) Hyperoxia
C) Hypocapnia
D) Hypercapnia

Answer 2

C
Hypoxia and hyperoxia refer to low and high levels of oxygen,respectively.Hypocapnia refers to acute reductions in arterial carbon dioxide levels,and hypercapnia refers to acute increases in carbon dioxide.

Question 3

What is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A) Decreased peripheral blood pressure
B) Changes in consciousness
C) Pallor and skin dryness
D) Hyporeflexia

Answer 3

B
Changes in consciousness are the earliest and most sensitive indicators of increased ICP.Altered consciousness reflects herniation of the brainstem and compression of the midbrain.The effects of ICP on blood pressure and pulse are variable.Blood pressure may be elevated secondary to elevated ICP and hypoxia of the vasomotor center.

Question 4

Which of the following is a disturbance resulting from acidosis?

A) Hypercapnia
B) Bicarbonate excess
C) Tetany
D) Hypokalemia

Question 5

Which heart sound is an early indicator of congestive heart failure with underlying fluid overload?

A) S1
B) S2
C) S3
D) S4

Question 6

Which of the following may cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances in the form of deficits?

A) Diaphoresis and wounds
B) Diarrhea and vomiting
C) Hemorrhage
D) All of the above

Question 7

What percentage of intravascular fluid deficit must develop before blood pressure drops significantly?

A) 5% to10%
B) 10% to15%
C) 15% to 25%
D) 25% to 35%

Question 8

What is the normal pH of the body?

A) Below 7.35
B) 7.35 to 7.45
C) 7.45 to 7.55
D) Above 7.55

Question 9

If a patient's chest tube becomes dislodged during mobilization,what is the appropriate protocol for a physical therapist?

A) Attempt to replace the tube immediately before notifying a nurse.
B) Monitor the patient's pulse and breathing after notifying a nurse.
C) Apply immediate compression to the site and notify a nurse.
D) Keep the site clean and clear of linens or other objects while notifying a nurse.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of upper motor neuron involvement?

A) Progressive muscle weakness
B) The Babinski sign
C) Hyperreflexia
D) All of the above

Question 11

What is the normal value of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO₂)?

A) Less than 60%
B) 65%
C) 75%
D) Above 80%

Question 12

What is the normal range for pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)?

A) 7 to 12 mm Hg
B) 15 to 20 mm Hg
C) 20 to 30 mm Hg
D) 30 to 35 mm Hg

Question 13

What is the normal range for PaO₂ in young adults in the upright seated position?

A) 70 to 85 mm Hg
B) 85 to 95 mm Hg
C) 90 to 100 mm Hg
D) 100 to 110 mm Hg

Question 14

Which of the following provides an immediate route for fluids,electrolytes,nutrition,and medication?

A) Intraaortic balloon device
B) Pulmonary artery balloon flotation catheter
C) Intraarterial lines
D) Intravenous lines

Question 15

Where should chest drainage systems be located?

A) Higher than chest level
B) At chest level
C) Lower than chest level
D) At the head of the hospital bed

Question 16

Which of the following provides information about the adequacy of right heart function given that it is measured using a catheter advanced into the right atrium?

A) CVP
B) PAP
C) LAP
D) LVP

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely symptomatic of fluid excess?

A) Jugular vein distention
B) Blood pressure decrease
C) Decreased skin turgor
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias are life threatening or require immediate recognition and treatment?

A) Subjunctional tachycardias
B) Ventricular tachycardia
C) Ventricular fibrillation
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is an indicator of fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance?

A) Hypertension
B) Sinus tachycardia
C) Jugular pulse visible at a 45-degree sitting angle
D) Atrial dysrhythmias

Question 20

Which of the following factors contribute to an individual's overall stress,leading to possible complication in the form of acute distress disorder?

A) Pain management
B) Length of ICU stay
C) ICU experience
D) All of the above