Deck 37: Infants and Children With Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Concerns

Question 1

In the partial form of endocardial cushion defects (ECD),which structures present with defects?

A) Atrial septal defect and tricuspid valve cleft
B) Ventricular septal defect and mitral valve cleft
C) Atrial septal defect and mitral valve cleft
D) Ventricular septal defect and tricuspid valve cleft

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD),what would not be a possible cause of end-stage respiratory failure?

A) Lumbar deformity
B) Respiratory muscle weakness
C) Reduced lung compliance
D) Hypoxemia

Answer 2

A

Question 3

How does chest physical therapy differ in neonates and infants compared with children ages 2 years and older in terms of primary goals?

A) CPT in neonates includes improving airway clearance and emphasizes muscles of respiration.
B) CPT in children includes improving airway clearance and improving ventilation and the efficiency of breathing.
C) There are no differences.
D) CPT in children should only include airway clearance.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What activities should be included as you design an exercise program for a child with CF?

A) Activities to elongate tight muscles
B) Strengthen muscles for functional activities
C) Strengthen weak muscles
D) Avoid endurance activities

Question 5

Which of the following is a risk factor for transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB)?

A) Female sex
B) Birth weight less than 4000 g
C) Cesarean section delivery
D) Paternal asthma

Question 6

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)in a preterm infant?

A) Bradycardia
B) Bounding peripheral pulses
C) Poor feeding or poor weight gain
D) Ejection systolic murmur

Question 7

Which of the following features may not be a potential source of upper airway obstruction in children?

A) Lymphatic tissues
B) Tonsils
C) Rib angulation
D) Adenoids

Question 8

What neonatal condition is associated with the delayed clearance of amniotic fluid from the lungs?

A) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
B) Respiratory distress syndrome
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Question 9

Which of the following interventions for infants and children with a tracheostomy who have been intubated for long periods of time vibration of which lung segments?

A) Right lung, upper lobe segments
B) Right lung, lower lobe segments
C) Left lung, upper lobe segments
D) Left lung, lower lobe segments

Question 10

You are treating a 3-year-old child with cystic fibrosis.In addition to the treatment choices of postural drainage,percussion,and vibration,what other intervention might be appropriate for this population?

A) Autogenic drainage
B) Huffing as part of forced expiration techniques
C) Use of forced expiratory volume in 1 second
D) Corticosteroids

Question 11

Which of the following suggestions might you make to children with asthma and their parents about exercise?

A) Aerobic conditioning may increase ventilation requirement for activity, thus increasing the rate of ventilation with exertion.
B) Wear a face mask and inhale through the nose to warm up and humidify inhaled air.
C) Use inhalers before going to school because children may not be able to carry inhalers with them during school.
D) Use warm-up and cool-down periods even though it might exacerbate symptoms.

Question 12

Which of the following describe the defects associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?

A) Ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow obstruction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic override
B) Atrial septal defect, right ventricular outflow obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic override
C) Ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic override
D) Ventricular septal defect, left ventricular outflow obstruction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic override

Question 13

What does the foramen ovale allow to occur during fetal circulation?

A) Passage of oxygenated blood
B) Left-to-right blood flow through the atria
C) Right-to-left blood flow through the atria
D) Passage of deoxygenated blood

Question 14

How is the diaphragm of a newborn different than that of an adult?

A) The diaphragm of a newborn has fewer type II muscle fibers.
B) The diaphragm of a newborn has fewer type I muscle fibers.
C) The diaphragm of a newborn has more type I muscle fibers.
D) The diaphragm of a newborn has more type III muscle fibers.

Question 15

Which of the following conditions is associated with Arnold-Chiari type II malformation?

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Myelomeningocele
C) Down syndrome
D) Muscular dystrophy

Question 16

You are creating an exercise program for a 5-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis (CF).What components should be included in your pre-exercise examination and evaluation?

A) Complete chest evaluation
B) Evaluation of ADL tolerance and limitations
C) Evaluation of ROM, strength and posture
D) All of these should be assessed

Question 17

What condition occurs because of lung immaturity,an insufficient number of alveoli,and an inadequate amount of surfactant?

A) Asthma
B) Respiratory distress syndrome
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 18

Which intervention would be the most appropriate in treating a patient with muscular dystrophy who experiences nocturnal hypoventilation?

A) Vibration of right lower lobe segments
B) Postural drainage before sleep
C) Continuous positive airway pressure
D) Teaching deep breathing, coughing

Question 19

You are performing postural drainage on a child with cerebral palsy.Which position should be avoided?

A) In bed with the head of the bed raised
B) Side-lying
C) Head down
D) Upright

Question 20

Which of the following is not a common trigger for asthma symptoms and exacerbations?

A) Weight loss
B) Allergens
C) Tobacco smoke
D) Extreme temperatures