Deck 6: X-Ray Production

Question 1

Bremsstrahlung means

A)electron
B)x-ray production
C)braking radiation
D)all of the above

Answer 1

braking radiation

Question 2

During the bremsstrahlung interaction,the filament electron

A)knocks out an inner-shell electron
B)knocks out an outer-shell electron
C)is absorbed by the nucleus
D)is attracted to the nucleus but not absorbed

Answer 2

is attracted to the nucleus but not absorbed

Question 3

If a filament electron enters the tungsten atom with 80 keV of energy and leaves the atom with 75 keV of energy:

A)the brems photon will be 75 keV
B)the brems photon will be 80 keV
C)the filament electron traveled very close to the nucleus
D)the filament electron traveled very far from the nucleus

Answer 3

the filament electron traveled very far from the nucleus

Question 4

The energy of the characteristic x-ray photon depends on

A)the binding energy of the inner-shell electron
B)the energy level of the filament electron
C)the shell of the electron that is dropping into the vacancy
D)all of the above

Question 5

At the anode target,___ of the energy from filament electrons is lost as heat and ___ will result in x-ray production.

A)1%;99%
B)99%;1%
C)0%;100%
D)100%;0%

Question 6

Characteristic x-ray photons result

A)when an outer-shell electron is knocked out
B)when an inner-shell electron is knocked out
C)when outer-shell electrons fill the vacancy in an inner shell
D)A and C
E)B and C

Question 7

The total number of x-ray photons in a beam is referred to as the

A)x-ray quality
B)x-ray number
C)x-ray quantity
D)x-ray beam

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary factor controlling quantity?

A)kVp.
B)mAs.
C)Distance.
D)Filtration.

Question 9

When filament electrons enter the anode target,they interact with

A)outer shell electrons of tungsten atoms
B)inner shell electrons of tungsten atoms
C)outer shell electrons of copper atoms
D)inner shell electrons of copper atoms

Question 10

If a filament electron leaves the tungsten atom with 15 keV of energy and the brems photon produced was 65 keV,how much energy did the incoming filament electron have?

A)15 keV.
B)50 keV.
C)65 keV.
D)80 keV.

Question 11

When a filament electron knocks out a K shell electron from the tungsten atom,it leads to

A)a brems x-ray photon
B)a 39.5 keV energy x-ray photon
C)a characteristic x-ray photon
D)none of the above

Question 12

During x-ray production the electrons penetrate the target approximately

A)0.2 mm
B)0.5 mm
C)2 mm
D)5 mm

Question 13

The majority of the x-ray photons produced are

A)characteristic photons
B)brems photons
C)photons with energy higher than 70 keV
D)photons with energy higher than 80 keV

Question 14

The energy of the brems photon depends on

A)the original energy of the filament electron
B)the strength of the attraction between the electron and the nucleus
C)the energy of the filament electron as it leaves the tungsten atom
D)all of the above

Question 15

To double the beam quantity

A)halve the mAs
B)leave the mAs as is and reduce the kVp
C)double the mAs
D)increase the mAs by a factor of 4 (2²)

Question 16

The average energy of a brems photon is ______ of the kVp selected at the control panel.

A)1/3
B)1/2
C)2/3
D)the same as that

Question 17

X-rays are produced by

A)characteristic interactions
B)uncharacteristic interactions
C)bremsstrahlung interactions
D)A and C
E)B and C

Question 18

Which of the following factors affect beam quantity?

A)kVp.
B)Distance.
C)Filtration.
D)All of the above.

Question 19

A filament electron removes a K shell electron and an M shell electron fills the vacancy.The K shell binding energy is 69.5 keV and the M shell binding energy is 2.8 keV.What is the energy of the K-characteristic photon produced?

A)2.8 keV.
B)57.4 keV.
C)66.7 keV.
D)69.5 keV.

Question 20

The process of a series of outer-shell electrons filling inner-shell vacancies right after the other is called

A)characteristic tumble
B)characteristic x-rays
C)characteristic sequence
D)characteristic cascade

Question 21

Which of the following results in the equivalent of doubling the mAs if the original kVp is 80?

A)85 kVp.
B)92 kVp.
C)120 kVp.
D)160 kVp.

Question 22

As the distance increases,the beam quantity reaching a specific area

A)increases
B)decreases
C)stays the same
D)doubles

Question 23

If the kVp is changed from 30 kVp to 90 kVp,the quantity of radiation in the beam increases by a factor of

A)2
B)3
C)6
D)9

Question 24

If the distance from the source is doubled,the quantity of radiation reaching a specific area is _________ the original.

A)double
B)quadruple
C)half
D)one fourth

Question 25

Filtration placed in the path of the x-ray beam

A)absorbs low-energy photons
B)absorbs high-energy photons
C)increases patient dose
D)reduces the quantity of radiation by a factor of 2

Question 26

It is recommended that kVp not be used to control beam quantity because

A)it affects scatter production
B)it affects penetrability of the beam
C)it is less predictable in how changing the kVp affects the image
D)all of the above

Question 27

The primary controlling factor for beam quality is

A)mAs
B)kVp
C)distance
D)filtration

Question 28

The inverse square law describes the relationship between ____________ and beam intensity.

A)kVp
B)distance
C)exposure time

Question 29

If kVp is doubled,the quantity of radiation increases by a factor of

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)8

Question 30

If the intensity of the beam is 900 mR at a distance of 21 inches,what does the distance need to be for the intensity to measure 100 mR?

A)7 inches.
B)10.5 inches.
C)42 inches.
D)63 inches.

Question 31

Placing filtration in the path of the beam results in

A)a harder beam
B)a softer beam
C)more x-ray photons
D)a sharper image

Question 32

A higher energy beam is said to be a ______ beam.

A)soft
B)hard
C)weak
D)powerful

Question 33

One HVL reduces the intensity of the x-ray beam to _______ of its original.

A)one fourth
B)one third
C)one half
D)two thirds

Question 34

Beam quality refers to

A)the energy level of the radiation
B)the amount of radiation
C)how useful the radiation is
D)all of the above

Question 35

The purpose of beam filtration is to

A)control beam quantity
B)reduce patient dose
C)reduce the wear and tear on the tube
D)all of the above

Question 36

To produce a radiographic image,it is necessary that

A)some photons penetrate the body
B)some photons do not penetrate the body
C)all photons penetrate the body
D)A and B

Question 37

If the distance from the source is changed from 72 inches to 36 inches and the original beam intensity was 200 mR,what is the new intensity?

A)50 mR.
B)100 mR.
C)400 mR.
D)800 mR.

Question 38

Half-value layer (HVL)is used to measure

A)beam intensity
B)beam quantity
C)beam quality
D)all of the above

Question 39

As the kVp increases

A)beam energy decreases
B)beam energy increases
C)beam penetrability increases
D)B and C

Question 40

To increase the quantity of radiation by adjusting the kVp to the same level as doubling the mAs,increase kVp by a factor of

A)2%
B)5%
C)15%
D)25%

Question 41

For a tungsten target,the discrete line on the x-ray emission spectrum is approximately

A)59 keV
B)69 keV
C)79 keV
D)89 keV

Question 42

The x-axis for all emission spectra represents the

A)energy level of the photons
B)number of photons
C)HVL of the photons
D)amount of transmitted radiation

Question 43

The x-ray emission spectrum is a graphic illustration of

A)characteristic radiation
B)bremsstrahlung radiation
C)remnant radiation
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 44

The discrete emission spectrum typically displays

A)K-characteristic photon energies
B)L-characteristic photon energies
C)all of the above
D)none of the above

Question 45

A discrete emission spectrum is a graphic representation of

A)characteristic radiation
B)bremsstrahlung radiation
C)remnant radiation
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 46

L-characteristic and higher photon energies are not usually displayed on a discrete emission spectrum because

A)there are no photons produced at those levels
B)the energies of the photons produced are too high for image production
C)the energies of the photons produced are too low for image formation
D)none of the above;these photon energies are displayed

Question 47

If all other factors remain constant,a decrease in the mA results in

A)a shift to the right along the x-axis
B)a shift to the left along the x-axis
C)an increase along the y-axis
D)a decrease along the y-axis

Question 48

Increasing the kVp results in

A)an increase along the y-axis
B)a shift to the right along the x-axis
C)a shift to the left along the x-axis
D)A and B
E)C and C

Question 49

With a 75-kVp exposure,the energy of the photons displayed on the continuous emission spectrum can range from just above 0 to

A)25 keV
B)50 keV
C)75 keV
D)150 keV

Question 50

The y-axis for all emission spectra represents the

A)energy level of the photons
B)number of photons
C)HVL of the photons
D)penetrability of the radiation

Question 51

The beam that is found leaving the collimator and exposes the patient is called the

A)collimator beam
B)remnant beam
C)primary beam
D)transmitted beam

Question 52

Changes along the x-axis of the x-ray emission spectrum reflect changes in the _________________ of the x-ray beam,whereas changes along the y-axis reflect changes in the ___________________ of the beam.

A)quality;quantity
B)quantity;quality
C)quantity;quantity
D)quality;quality

Question 53

A continuous emission spectrum is a graphic representation of

A)characteristic radiation
B)bremsstrahlung radiation
C)remnant radiation
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 54

The remnant radiation that did not interact with any anatomic structures is

A)primary radiation
B)secondary radiation
C)transmitted radiation
D)scattered radiation

Question 55

With a 75-kVp exposure,the peak of the curve on the continuous emission spectrum is approximately

A)25 keV
B)50 keV
C)75 keV
D)150 keV

Question 56

The remnant radiation that have an interaction with an anatomic structure is

A)primary radiation
B)filtered radiation
C)transmitted radiation
D)scattered radiation

Question 57

The x-ray beam that leaves the patient to expose the IR is called the

A)remnant beam
B)primary beam
C)patient beam
D)none of the above

Question 58

With the x-ray emission spectrum,the discrete line is the highest energy ___________________ bar.

A)J-characteristic
B)K-characteristic
C)L-characteristic
D)M-characteristic

Question 59

How many HVLs are needed to reduce beam intensity from 600 mR to 300 mR?

A)One.
B)Two.
C)Three.
D)Four.

Question 60

Normal HVL of diagnostic x-ray beams is

A)1-2 mm Al
B)3-5 mm Al
C)6-10 mm Al
D)15-25 mm Al

Question 61

As filament electrons enter the anode target,most interact with inner shell electrons of the tungsten atoms.

Question 62

At the anode target,1% of the energy from filament electrons is lost as heat and 99% will result in x-ray production.

Question 63

HVL is described as a certain amount of tungsten or its equivalent that will reduce beam intensity by one half.

Question 64

The discrete emission spectrum is limited to a few specific values.

Question 65

Changing from a high-frequency generator to a single-phase generator results in the x-ray emission spectrum

A)changing along the x-axis
B)changing along the y-axis
C)both of the above
D)neither of the above

Question 66

Generally speaking,an increase in the quantity of radiation results in decreased patient dose.

Question 67

Changing the ___________________ results in changes to the x-axis,y-axis,and location of the discrete line of the x-ray emission spectrum.

A)kVp
B)mAs
C)target material
D)distance

Question 68

Adding filtration in the path of the beam results in the x-ray emission spectrum

A)changing along the x-axis
B)changing along the y-axis
C)both of the above
D)neither of the above

Question 69

The stronger the attraction between the filament electron and the nucleus,the less energy the brems photon has.

Question 70

When 65 kVp is set on the operating console,no K-characteristic radiation is produced.

Question 71

A 65-keV filament electron is not able to produce characteristic radiation.

Question 72

When the kVp is changed from 60 to 120,the discrete line on the x-ray emission spectrum shifts to the right.