Deck 23: The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I

Question 1

The petite bourgeoisie was made up of ________.

A)entrepreneurs
B)professional people
C)large business owners
D)white-collar workers

Answer 1

white-collar workers

Question 2

Small shop owners considered which of the following a threat?

A)unions
B)banks
C)department stores
D)consumers

Answer 2

department stores

Question 3

After 1910,population growth in Europe ________.

A)declined or stayed the same
B)increased slightly
C)stayed the same
D)increased dramatically

Answer 3

declined or stayed the same

Question 4

The name given to the practice by Russian police and right-wing groups of conducting riots against the Jews was ________.

A)diaspora
B)pogrom
C)ghettos
D)anti-Semitism

Question 5

Popular destinations in the Americas for many Europeans were ________.

A)the United States,Canada,and Brazil
B)the United States,Mexico,and Canada
C)the United States,Mexico,and Brazil
D)the United States,Canada,and Ecuador

Question 6

By 1910,which European city had the highest population?

A)Berlin
B)London
C)Paris
D)Vienna

Question 7

Most countries prohibited women from becoming ________ until after World War I.

A)doctors
B)lawyers
C)schoolteachers
D)nurses

Question 8

The first major public power plant in Europe was constructed in ________.

A)Great Britain
B)Belgium
C)France
D)Germany

Question 9

Between 1846 and 1932,how many citizens did Europe lose to emigration?

A)about 20 million
B)about 35 million
C)about 50 million
D)about 100 million

Question 10

Who did Napoleon III appoint to redesign Paris,with a partial goal of widening the streets to make for an easier response to insurrections?

A)Baron Georges Haussmann
B)Edwin Chadwick
C)Louis René
D)Pierre-Charles L'Enfant

Question 11

The first bicycles were made of ________.

A)rubber
B)wood
C)metal
D)plastic

Question 12

Which of the following groups offered economic incentives to build housing for the poor?

A)religious organizations
B)nonprofit organizations
C)businesses and philanthropists
D)businesses and religious organizations

Question 13

Which of the following countries was a leader in forging the link between scientific research and industrial development?

A)Great Britain
B)Italy
C)France
D)Germany

Question 14

Which of the following was considered a white-collar worker?

A)librarian
B)lower-level government bureaucrat
C)schoolteacher
D)shopkeeper

Question 15

During the second half of the nineteenth century,the middle class ________.

A)grew increasingly diverse
B)lost political power
C)made political alliances with the working classes
D)grew increasingly hostile to imperialism

Question 16

In the last two decades of the nineteenth century,many Jews in Germany began experiencing the effects of ________.

A)pogroms
B)organized anti-Semitism
C)ghettos
D)transportation

Question 17

What labor-related term was coined in the latter half of the nineteenth century?

A)service sector
B)contract workers
C)binding arbitration
D)unemployment

Question 18

Starting around midcentury,urban planners devised cities that were dominated by ________.

A)housing for the working class
B)manufacturing centers
C)commerce,government,and entertainment venues
D)a concern for historical preservation

Question 19

In the nineteenth century,cholera struck ________.

A)the lower class only
B)the lower and middle classes
C)mainly the middle and upper classes
D)all classes

Question 20

One of the main destinations in Africa for many Europeans was ________.

A)Egypt
B)Palestine
C)modern-day Zimbabwe
D)South Africa

Question 21

Count Sergei Witte ________.

A)worked to industrialize Russia
B)was part of the landed aristocracy of Russia that opposed industrialization
C)was unpopular with the tsar
D)was an early Bolshevik

Question 22

Progress in Europe that enabled married women to own property came first in ________.

A)France
B)Great Britain
C)Germany
D)Switzerland

Question 23

What was a key contributory factor to the migration of Europeans in the 1800s?

A)better transportation systems outside of Europe
B)the emancipation of peasants
C)the increased cost of land in Europe
D)lower wages in Europe than elsewhere

Question 24

After 1850,middle class interest in revolutions ________.

A)declined in favor of protecting their status
B)declined as governments became more liberal
C)increased as a way to effect social change
D)increased as a way to improve one's own economic and social opportunities

Question 25

The Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by ________.

A)the expansion of railway systems in Europe
B)the development of new industries on the Continent
C)the spread of industries similar to those in Great Britain
D)massive unemployment

Question 26

Middle-class reformers targeted which of the following issues as an impediment to a healthy and politically stable population?

A)working conditions
B)housing conditions
C)the large lower class
D)political rights

Question 27

The Fabian Society ________.

A)took a radical approach to social reform
B)took its name from American John Fabian
C)was Britain's most influential socialist group
D)was France's most influential socialist group

Question 28

Napoleon III's primary goal in redesigning Paris was to ________.

A)make it less protester-friendly
B)attract new residents
C)deflect attention away from his social policies
D)pacify reformers

Question 29

Which of these tended to provide some options for women after around 1900?

A)control over their children and wage-earning
B)university education
C)wage-earning and divorce
D)professional degrees

Question 30

One of the ways that urban reconstruction in France was political is it ________.

A)was dominated by politically-connected contractors
B)primarily benefited the government and upper classes
C)divided liberals and conservatives
D)created thousands of government and private sector jobs

Question 31

Which of the following lagged behind other European countries economically in the late 1800s?

A)Germany
B)Austria-Hungary
C)the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire
D)Norway and Sweden

Question 32

Working-class workers ________ middle class.

A)aspired to become
B)considered themselves
C)resented the
D)often sabotaged the

Question 33

Around 1850,emigration patterns in Europe changed in terms of the _______.

A)social status of emigrants
B)economic status of emigrants
C)emigrant's country of origin
D)dominant religion of emigrants

Question 34

The Second Industrial Revolution was associated with ________.

A)textiles,plastics,and railroads
B)steel,chemicals,and electricity
C)steam,iron,and electricity
D)iron,chemicals,and railroads

Question 35

Anti-Semitism was strongest in what country in the late 1800s?

A)France
B)Russia
C)Poland
D)Great Britain

Question 36

The economic crisis of 1873 and after was essentially one of _________.

A)transition to industrialization
B)supply exceeding demand
C)wartime shortages
D)expanding markets

Question 37

The petite bourgeoisie were squeezed between the ________ and the ________.

A)working class;poor
B)elite;middle class
C)elite;working class
D)middle class;working class

Question 38

The emancipation of Jews brought ________.

A)the abolition of serfdom
B)equal or nearly equal citizenship and social status
C)the cessation of pogroms
D)increased representation in government

Question 39

European migration ________ Europe because ________.

A)hurt;it created a labor shortage
B)hurt;it created a brain drain of highly skilled workers
C)shamed;it undercut its image of superiority
D)benefited;it relieved social and population pressures

Question 40

The emancipation of the Jews began in the ________.

A)seventeenth century and was completed by the end of the nineteenth century
B)eighteenth century and was completed by the end of the nineteenth century
C)nineteenth century and was completed by the end of the same century
D)eighteenth century and was never fully completed

Question 41

Around 1850,most European emigrants were from Great Britain,________,and Scandinavia.

Question 42

Which of these was the major push factor driving migration from Europe in the 1800s?

A)a population boom
B)religious oppression
C)economic opportunity
D)political oppression

Question 43

Which of the following was true about family law in most European countries?

A)Women always retained custody of their children.
B)Men had few rights concerning custody and visitation of children.
C)The father had the right to take his children from their mother.
D)Women needed the permission of both their mother and father to marry.

Question 44

The International Working Men's Association,known as the First International,________.

A)was short-lived but had a profound impact on socialist efforts in Europe
B)was short-lived and had no impact on socialist efforts in Europe
C)remained a powerful entity through much of the twentieth century
D)cast an unfavorable light on Marxism

Question 45

Which of these best describes European women's legal and economic status around 1900?

A)declining in all respects
B)rapidly improving in property but not voting rights
C)improving,with some major goals achieved
D)stagnant,with only a few,modest gains

Question 46

One of the two major developments affecting the economic lives of women during the Second Industrial Revolution was _______.

A)the influx of many women to the workforce
B)a large expansion in the variety of available jobs
C)a glut of women who were qualified to be schoolteachers
D)a reduction in wages paid to men

Question 47

The British engineer ________ discovered a process for manufacturing steel cheaply in big quantities.

Question 48

By the end of the nineteenth century,most Jews in Western Europe ________.

A)considered anti-Semitism a minor and temporary problem
B)seldom experienced any form of anti-Semitism
C)believed anti-Semitism was increasing and becoming a serious problem
D)believed liberal reforms were encouraging anti-Semitism

Question 49

Which of these was true about Europe between 1860 and 1914?

A)socialism declined even as the welfare state emerged
B)Europe's productive capacity declined
C)rural life drove the economy
D)Britain continued to lead in industrialization

Question 50

Bismarck attempted to persuade German workers to oppose socialism by ________.

A)creating the German Social Democratic Party
B)implementing programs that offered a paternalistic alternative to socialism
C)allowing antisocialism laws to expire
D)using scare tactics to predict abysmal conditions resulting from the end of capitalism

Question 51

Following the revolutions of 1848,the experience of and opportunities for Jews in Europe ________.

A)generally improved
B)worsened slightly
C)worsened significantly
D)underwent no change

Question 52

During the late nineteenth century,the primary issue that confronted socialist parties throughout Europe was ________.

A)whether desired goals required revolution or could be achieved through democratic reform
B)whether nationalism was superior to socialism
C)what to do in the face of newfound mainstream acceptance
D)how to manage the flood of new members

Question 53

________ steel production eclipsed that of Britain in 1893.

Question 54

In What Is to Be Done? Vladimir Lenin argued for the implementation of ________.

A)a modified version of Marx's socialist revolution
B)classic Marxist policies
C)a democratic approach to the socialist agenda
D)violent revolution led by the proletariat

Question 55

During the last half of the nineteenth century,workers felt less need to protest in the streets and riot because ________.

A)the government had capitulated to most of their demands
B)they used new institutions to express their demands
C)they considered street protests and riots ineffectual
D)they feared suppression by government forces

Question 56

Public health laws can be seen as supporting ________ at the expense of ________.

A)public health;private rights
B)property rights;public welfare
C)the middle classes;working classes
D)property owners;the proletariat

Question 57

The socialist movement in France was characterized by ________.

A)a united effort espoused by labor groups to end worker exploitation
B)a united effort that had influence at the cabinet level
C)a divided effort with two main opposing factions
D)lack of interest that led to the near-demise of the movement

Question 58

In the nineteenth century,the ________ set the values and goals for most of the society.

Question 59

In the late nineteenth century,the middle and lower classes started seeking housing in ________.

Question 60

Which of the following is considered a strong trigger for the Russian revolution of 1905?

A)the creation of the Duma
B)the appearance at court by the monk Grigory Efimovich Rasputin
C)the Bloody Sunday shootings
D)the division between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks

Question 61

________ was a wealthy Jewish man from London who was elected to Parliament several times but who failed to be seated because he would not take the Christian oath.

Question 62

In Great Britain,________ led the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.

Question 63

Explain how migration patterns have affected the world's food and resource situation.What reasons are given for a persistent crisis in certain regions of the world?

Question 64

Legal discrimination and prejudice against Jews continued until World War I in ________.

Question 65

________ is hostility toward or prejudice against Jews.

Question 66

In 1894,the ________,was founded to fight for women's rights in Germany.

Question 67

How did the changing composition of the middle classes affect this group's political and social goals in the course of the nineteenth century?

Question 68

What beliefs did the Jewish community have about anti-Semitic movements that started at the end of the nineteenth century? What effect did those beliefs have on later generations of Jews?

Question 69

Socialist participation in the French cabinet was called ________.

Question 70

In 1910,Paris had a population of nearly ________ million.

Question 71

Describe what changes occurred in Paris as a result of the transformation ordered by Napoleon III.What types of changes were made,and what was the impact on the city?

Question 72

The British feminist ________,along with her daughters,organized the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.

Question 73

Describe the conditions that set the stage for the Russian revolution of 1905.Why did the war with Japan play a significant role in leading to the revolution?

Question 74

The Napoleonic Code made French women,in effect,legal ________.

Question 75

Describe the dynamics that influenced prostitution in late-nineteenth-century Europe.

Question 76

Describe three events that helped to shape the evolution of the Second Industrial Revolution.

Question 77

Trace the path of Vladimir Lenin's involvement in Russian socialism.Did Lenin support the views held by Karl Marx? Explain in what ways he agreed or disagreed with Marx.

Question 78

The doctrines put forth by Eduard Bernstein,known as ________,which questioned whether Marx was right to demand revolution,were eventually rejected by German socialists.

Question 79

Explain the transition in the role of middle-class women from early in the nineteenth century to late in the nineteenth century.

Question 80

Discuss legal discrimination against Jews before 1848,and describe how their situation changed between 1859 and 1880.Explain what rights they gained and how this progress affected their social and economic opportunities.