Deck 6: Dissociative and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

A) continuous amnesia: failure to recall information from a specific date until the present
B) selective amnesia: failure to recall only certain categories of information
C) localized amnesia: failure to recall information during a specific period of time
D) generalized amnesia: failure to recall anything in one's lifetime
E) systematized amnesia: failure to recall certain categories of information

Answer 1

selective amnesia: failure to recall only certain categories of information

Question 2

Heather has suddenly left here home and has lost all memory of herself and her past life. She is most likely suffering from

A) repression.
B) depersonalization.
C) dissociative amnesia.
D) dissociative fugue.
E) dissociative identity disorder.

Answer 2

dissociative fugue.

Question 3

Leanne experiences the sudden feeling of being detached from herself. The term best suited to describe her experience is

A) depersonalization.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) dissociative fugue.
D) dissociative amnesia.
E) repression.

Answer 3

depersonalization.

Question 4

Approximately _____ percent of the general population have some type of dissociative disorder whereas _____ percent of psychiatric patients do.

A) 0.5% ; 1.5 to 3%
B) 1.5% ; 3 to 6%
C) 3% ; 5 to 11%
D) 6% ; 10 to 16%
E) 9.1%; 15 to 21 %

Question 5

Dissociative fugue is a loss of memory with the added dimension of

A) mania.
B) substance abuse.
C) psychosis.
D) physical flight.
E) depression.

Question 6

The dissociative disorders have a high degree of comorbidity

A) with physical complaints that clearly don't have a medical cause.
B) with types of delirium, dementias and amnestic disorders.
C) with anxiety, mood and personality disorders.
D) in terms of severe maladaptive disruptions or alternations of identity, memory and consciousness that are experienced as being beyond one's control.
E) in terms of physical sympotms suggestive of medical illness, but no organic basis can be found to account for them.

Question 7

Depersonalization disorder differs from the other dissociative disorders, in that

A) there are no symptoms of memory impairment or identity confusion.
B) there does not appear to be any sort of dissociative process going on.
C) only with this disorder is there a loss of awareness of one's central and knowing self.
D) there are reduced or no symptoms of a feeling of derealization.
E) it alone is associated with history of trauma, particularly emotional abuse.

Question 8

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

A) dissociative amnesia : inability to recall important personal information
B) depersonalization disorder : presence of two or more personalities
C) dissociative identity disorder : presence of two or more personalities
D) dissociative fugue : sudden, unexpected flight from home
E) depersonalization disorder : feeling of being detached from oneself

Question 9

In the proposed revision of DSM-5, dissociative amnesia will

A) remain unchanged in terms of classification and criteria.
B) will be included as a subtype of dissociative identity disorder.
C) will be grouped together with the Delerium, Dementia and Amnestic Disorders.
D) will be included as a subtype of depersonalization disorder.
E) will have its criteria revised to rule out amnesia secondary to a medical condition.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of depersonalization disorder?

A) People with this disorder often describe themselves as feeling like a robot that is able to respond to those nearby but without feeling connected to their actions.
B) It is characterized by a feeling of detachment from one's self or surroundings.
C) It typically is not associated with depression or anxiety; indeed, patients often display an indifference to their symptoms (la belle indifference).
D) It is highly related to a history of trauma, particularly emotional abuse.
E) A diagnosis of this disorder is usually made in adolescence and tends to be chronic in nature.

Question 11

In earlier editions of the DSM, dissociative and somatoform disorders were categorized as

A) psychoses.
B) depressive disorders.
C) somatoform disorders.
D) neuroses.
E) physical disorders.

Question 12

In the proposed revision of DSM-5, depersonalization disorder

A) will be unchanged in its classification and criteria.
B) will be included as a subtype of dissociative identity disorder.
C) will be grouped together with the Delerium, Dementia and Amnestic Disorders.
D) will be included as a subtype of dissociative amnesia.
E) will be renamed to depersonalization / derealization disorder, with the diagnostic criteria requiring symptoms of either depersonalization, derealization or both.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT among the five patterns of memory loss described in the DSM-IV-TR?

A) localized
B) regressive
C) generalized
D) selective
E) continuous

Question 14

A disorder in which people are induced by therapists to remember events that have never occurred is referred to as

A) iatrogenic memory syndrome.
B) trauma-repression syndrome.
C) creative recall syndrome.
D) false memory syndrome.
E) distorted memory syndrome.

Question 15

The dissociative and some of the somatoform disorders were viewed by Plato as expressions of __________, which denoted a symptom pattern of emotional excitability and physical symptoms without medical cause, and which was felt to be caused by a _______________.

A) neurosis ; suppression of psychic stress
B) neurosis ; repression of traumatic memories
C) brain degeneration ; an over-excitable brain and nervous system
D) hysteria; repression of traumatic memories
E) hysteria; wandering uterus

Question 16

At present, dissociative disorders are characterized by

A) flat affect.
B) severe brain damage.
C) delusions and hallucinations.
D) alterations of identity, memory, and consciousness.
E) poor concentration.

Question 17

Feelings of depersonalization are quite common in young adults, and they are only considered pathological when

A) they occur at least 5 times a week.
B) they occur in conjunction with substance use.
C) they occur in conjunction with derealization disorder.
D) they occur in conjunction with feelings of anxiety or depression.
E) they are persistent and personally distressing.

Question 18

Two forms of amnesia are __________ amnesia, in which an individual forgets his or her entire life history, and __________ amnesia, in which a person can remember nothing following a certain point in time.

A) localized; continuous
B) localized; generalized
C) systematized; selective
D) generalized; localized
E) generalized; continuous

Question 19

Wendy feels as though she is outside of her body, observing her own behaviour. This experience is a symptom of

A) dissociative fugue.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) dissociative amnesia.
D) repressed memory.
E) derealization.

Question 20

In the proposed revision of DSM-5, dissociative fugue

A) will be unchanged in its classification and criteria.
B) will be included as a subtype of dissociative identity disorder.
C) will be grouped together with the Delerium, Dementia and Amnestic Disorders.
D) will be included as a subtype of dissociative amnesia.
E) will have its criteria revised to exclude culturally normative absences / departures.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a somatoform disorder in the DSM-IV-TR?

A) body dysmorphic disorder
B) hypochondriasis
C) conversion disorder
D) depersonalization
E) pain disorder

Question 22

__________ is the DSM-IV label for the disorder in which certain aspects of a person's identity become detached or dissociated; it was formerly known as __________.

A) Multiple personality disorder; dissociative identity disorder
B) Dissociative identity disorder; split personality disorder
C) Dissociative identity disorder; multiple personality disorder
D) Split personality disorder; multiple personality disorder
E) Multiple personality disorder; split personality disorder

Question 23

The different unique personalities in an individual diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder are often referred to as

A) alternates.
B) others.
C) egos.
D) splits.
E) alters.

Question 24

With regard to brain correlates of depersonalization disorder, the textbook cites research that suggests ______________ play(s) a role.

A) perceptual pathways
B) temporal lobe epilepsy
C) circuits involved in awareness and working memory
D) processing functions
E) circuits responsible for adaptive integration of emotional learning with decision-making

Question 25

Which of the following is TRUE of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Alters may have different eyeglass prescriptions and allergies.
B) For a diagnosis there must be at least 4 alters which control the person's behaviour.
C) Alters typically share the same memories and have similar histories and mannerisms.
D) The various personalities always claim to be of the same gender.
E) The host is never aware of the various alters.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps that is usually followed in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder?

A) discussing emotionally charges memories of past trauma
B) helping patients develop new coping skills
C) integrating the various personalities
D) using hypnosis to assist the patient in role playing the various alters
E) the establishment of trust through a careful discussion of the risks and benefits of therapy

Question 27

In the proposed revision of DSM-5, the somatoform disorders will

A) remain unchanged.
B) be renamed as the somatic symptom disorders.
C) will be grouped together with the delerium, dementia and amnestic disorders.
D) will be re-grouped together with the dissociative disorders.
E) will have their criteria revised to require ruling out symptoms being secondary to a medical condition.

Question 28

Sandra is experiencing a loss of vision for which her doctor can find no physical cause. The term best suited to describing her condition is

A) factitious disorder.
B) hypochondriasis.
C) body dysmorphic disorder.
D) somatization disorder.
E) conversion disorder.

Question 29

In somatization disorder, patients usually attribute their symptoms to

A) feelings of derealization.
B) psychological problems.
C) an insecure attachment with their parents as children.
D) depression.
E) medical problems.

Question 30

Which of the following medications is sometimes used in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder and associated comorbid disorders?

A) a variety of SSRIs
B) antipsychotics, such as Haldol
C) sodium amytal
D) antianxiety drugs, such as Valium
E) antidepressants, such as Prozac

Question 31

Deliberately adopting the sick role and complaining of symptoms to achieve some specific objective is characteristic of

A) la belle indifference.
B) factitious disorders.
C) somatization disorder.
D) malingering.
E) hypochondriasis.

Question 32

Nick Spanos was a leading proponent of the _______ model of DID.

A) iatrogenic
B) trauma
C) medical
D) socio-cognitive
E) repressed memory

Question 33

Which of the following is true of the transition from one alter to another?

A) It is often called the "transfer".
B) It cannot be artificially precipitated, such as through hypnotic suggestion.
C) It is often precipitated by stress or other identifiable cue in the environment.
D) It happens gradually, with the dominant alter fading and the new one growing stronger.
E) It is always obvious when a transition between alters has occurred.

Question 34

In the proposed revision to DSM-5, conversion disorder

A) will no longer require ruling out a neurological disorder.
B) will be renamed functional neurological disorder and will no longer require ruling out malingering / faking.
C) will be renamed to functional neurological disorder and will otherwise remain unchanged.
D) be classified as a subtype of dissociative disorder.
E) be classified as a subtype of dementia.

Question 35

Research on dissociative identity disorder suggests that over __________ percent of patients report severe childhood physical and/or sexual abuse.

A) 75
B) 90
C) 50
D) 10
E) 25

Question 36

Which of the following pairs does NOT match?

A) conversion disorder: involuntary motor or sensory symptoms
B) somatization disorder: multiple symptoms, including pain, gastrointestinal problems, sexual problems, and psycho-neurological problems
C) body dysmorphic disorder: severe preoccupation with defect in appearance of a particular part of the body
D) pain disorder : pain without known physical cause
E) hypochondriasis : multiple symptoms, including pain, gastrointestinal problems, sexual problems, and psycho-neurological problems

Question 37

According to Merskey, cases of dissociative identity disorder

A) represent a legitimate psychiatric disorder.
B) are most frequently found in individuals with criminal inclinations.
C) may be iatrogenic conditions unintentionally caused by practitioners.
D) are frequently cases of individuals faking or malingering their illnesses.
E) are more common outside of North America.

Question 38

Heather is deliberately faking symptoms of illness in order to gain the attention of doctors. This behaviour is best described by the term

A) conversion disorder.
B) factitious disorder.
C) malingering.
D) somatizing.
E) faking.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of the treatment and prognosis of dissociative identity disorder?

A) There have been few attempts to evaluate the success of the treatments.
B) There is considerable evidence that individuals get better without professional help.
C) There is general consensus among experts regarding a specific series of steps that are followed.
D) In general, the prognosis is optimistic.
E) Medication has been found to be useful in treating the disorder.

Question 40

In conversion disorder

A) there is excessive preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated body disfigurement.
B) people have long-standing fears, suspicions, or convictions about having a serious disease.
C) a pattern of multiple, recurring, somatic complaints that have no diagnosable basis are observed, leading the individual to seek medical treatment.
D) psychological factors are important in the onset, exacerbation, severity, or maintenance of the patient's pain complaints.
E) symptoms are observed in voluntary motor or sensory functions that suggest neurological causes, but these cannot be confirmed.

Question 41

The most frequently mentioned location of imagined defects in 30 patients with body dysmorphic disorder was the

A) hips.
B) nose.
C) hair.
D) teeth.
E) buttocks.

Question 42

There is some similarity between hypochondriasis and ________.

A) panic disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) depression
D) psychogenic pain
E) dissociative amnesia

Question 43

Recent research suggests that conversion symptoms in people with conversion disorder result from

A) self-hypnosis.
B) psychogenic pain.
C) malingering.
D) therapeutic suggestion.
E) valid medical problems.

Question 44

"Glove anesthesia" refers to

A) loss of sensation in the hands when wearing gloves.
B) loss of sensation in the extremities.
C) loss of sensation in the part of the hands which would be covered by gloves.
D) an inability to remember where one has left one's gloves and keys.
E) an extreme fear of wearing gloves.

Question 45

Current treatments for somatoform disorders focus on

A) integrating the various personalities into a single personality.
B) finding the most appropriate pharmacological intervention for the particular individual.
C) helping individuals acquire insight into the origins of their difficulties.
D) the use of hypnosis to help individuals uncover forgotten memories of traumatic events that may be at the root of many of these disorders.
E) affective, cognitive, or social processes that maintain these disorders.

Question 46

An important distinction within the category hypochondriasis - one that will be recognized by DSM-5 - appears to be

A) those with physical symptoms (80%) vs. those without (20%).
B) those with physical symptoms (20%) vs. those without (80%).
C) those with derealization symptoms (80%) vs. those without (20%).
D) those with derealization symptoms (80%) vs. those without (20%). E) those with conversion symptoms (80%) vs. those without (20%).

Question 47

Recently, experts have suggested that conversion disorder might best be viewed as a form of

A) pain disorder.
B) somatization disorder.
C) dissociative amnesia.
D) factitious disorder.
E) dissociative disorder.

Question 48

There are reasons for the DSM-5 workgroup to think that body dysmorphic disorder should be categorized as an _____________ since it shares important features with _____________.

A) mood disorder; depression
B) anxiety disorder; social phobia
C) somatoform disorder; conversion disorder
D) anxiety disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder E) mood disorder; bipolar disorder

Question 49

Dissociation was emphasized in early Christianity as a function of God's will.

Question 50

The defining symptom of the dissociative disorders is the disruption of mental processes involved in memory or consciousness that are normally integrated.

Question 51

In the middle ages, supernatural beliefs of Plato were soon replaced by more scientific accounts of mental disorders, including the syndromes we recognize as dissociative and somatoform disorders.

A) True
B) False

Question 52

The term la belle indifference refers to

A) the lack of worry patients with conversion disorder display about their symptoms.
B) the lack of awareness of each other displayed by each of the alters in patients suffering from dissociative identity disorder.
C) the attitude displayed by people accused of malingering.
D) the lack of awareness of their condition displayed by patients suffering from dissociative fugue.
E) the lack of concern doctors show for patients suffering from conversion disorder.

Question 53

Though Hippocratic writing made some reference to dissociative disorders, Plato was among the first to consider the causes involved in these disorders.

Question 54

Joe is excessively preoccupied with the shape of his nose, and, though he has had plastic surgery several times in order to alter its appearance, remains dissatisfied. Joe is most likely suffering from which of the following?

A) body dysmorphic disorder
B) body disorder
C) body dislike disorder
D) hypochondriasis
E) la belle indifference

Question 55

Which of the following represents an overconcern about serious disease?

A) malingering
B) hypochondriasis
C) conversion disorder
D) factitious disorder
E) pain disorder

Question 56

Current thought about somatoform and dissociative disorders suggests that both have are characterized by physical symptoms and/or behavior thought to be caused or exacerbated by elevated serotonin levels.

Question 57

The DSM-IV-TR provides for a diagnosis of pain disorder

A) regardless of whether the patient also suffers from some medical condition.
B) only if the patient also suffers from some medical condition.
C) only if the pain is considered psychogenic.
D) unless the patient also suffers from some medical condition.
E) only if the pain is considered iatrogenic.

Question 58

Plato believed that the dissociative and somatoform disorders were caused by a wandering uterus.

Question 59

Somatic disorders were at one time viewed as masked

A) aggression.
B) anxiety.
C) depression.
D) psychological conflict.
E) obsessions.

Question 60

Compared with panic disorder suffers, those with hypochondriasis are more likely to be

A) be equally concerned with both the immediate and long-term implications of their symptoms.
B) suffering from agoraphobia.
C) concerned about the immediate effects of an illness.
D) concerned with the possibility of heart disease.
E) concerned about long-term implications of their symptoms.

Question 61

Dissociative fugue will likely become a subtype of dissociative amnesia in DSM-5.

Question 62

Conversion disorder is characterized by voluntary motor or sensory symptoms that reflect underlying neurological, although not anatomical, dysfunction.

Question 63

Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more personalities.

Question 64

Dissociative symptoms and disorders are common among psychiatry patients and often co-occur with depression, anxiety and personality disorders.

Question 65

Dissociative fugue often follows an extremely stressful event.

Question 66

Proponents of false memory syndrome argue that therapists may inadvertently lead patients to uncover repressed memories that have been distorted.

Question 67

The separate personalities in a person suffering from dissociative identity disorder are often referred to as "alters."

Question 68

DSM-IV-TR criteria for conversion disorder requires ruling out that the patient is not feigning the disorder.

Question 69

Patients with conversion disorder tend to be quite anxious about their symptoms.

Question 70

The average number of personalities in dissociative personality disorder is five.

Question 71

There is no evidence that people with dissociative disorders score higher on measures of hypnotizability.

Question 72

Feelings of depersonalization are a rare experience.

Question 73

The somatoform disorder will be renamed somatic symptom disorder in DSM-5.

Question 74

Depersonalization and derealization symptoms tend to co-occur in the same person and so will be grouped together in DSM-5.

Question 75

Merskey has argued that dissociative identity disorder is created by the power of suggestion.

Question 76

Medication is generally not useful in the direct treatment of DID.

Question 77

Patients with hypochondriasis tend to be quite anxious about their symptoms.

Question 78

In malingering, individuals deliberately fake or generate the symptoms of illness in order to gain their doctor's attention.

Question 79

The transition from one alter to another is called a "jump."

Question 80

Canadian psychologist Nick Spanos was an articulate supporter of the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder.