Deck 4: Biological Roots in Criminal Behavior

Question 1

An example of Lorenz's view of biological aggression is that today's "crime" is the result of

A)deviant behavior.
B)biological evolution.
C)sociological changes.
D)overcrowded living conditions.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not a fundamental assumption of biological theories of crime causation?

A)Gender differences have been observed in types of crime.
B)Crime may be inherited from generation to generation.
C)Human conduct is tied to the economic climate.
D)Criminal tendencies are genetically based to a certain degree.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Sociobiology is the systematic study of the _______ basis of all social behavior,including evolutionary biology.

A)biological
B)psychological
C)sociological
D)economic

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Eugenics criminology studies the link between ________ and inherited behavior.

A)genetics.
B)Darwinism.
C)sociology.
D)biology.

Question 5

Which of the following are examples of the two paths in biosocial theory?

A)life course persisters and adolescence-limited offenders
B)adolescence-limited offenders and millennial offenders
C)life course persisters and temporary persisters
D)life course offenders and temporary offenders

Question 6

Which of the following is not a critique of biological theory studies?

A)Twin studies are conducted based on appearances rather than biological testing.
B)Studies define criminality on the basis of a single arrest.
C)Results in the U.S.of twin studies have not been applicable outside the country.
D)Psychological factors of studies have not been included.

Question 7

The "Twinkie defense" is an example of ___________,explaining violent behavior.

A)sociobiology
B)biology
C)constitutional theory
D)biocriminology

Question 8

Monitoring children at an early age for behavioral disorder is a

A)policy implication of biological theories.
B)policy implication of social theories.
C)policy implication of economic theories.
D)policy implication of psychological theories.

Question 9

The scientific study of the relationships between human physical characteristics and criminality is called

A)Darwinism.
B)criminal anthropology.
C)biological theory.
D)phrenology.

Question 10

Biocriminology links all of the following to criminal behavior except

A)Twinkie consumption.
B)economic conditions.
C)hypoglycemia.
D)food allergies.

Question 11

Which theoretical perspective was developed by Edward Wilson?

A)sociobiology
B)positivism
C)biosocial criminology
D)constitutional theories

Question 12

Sociobiologists often focus on explaining why violence and aggression are associated with

A)territoriality.
B)self control.
C)sex drive
D)economic conditions.

Question 13

The biosocial perspective suggests that ___________ may influence and facilitate much of human behavior.

A)neuroplasticity
B)hypoglycemia
C)genetic determinism
D)atavism

Question 14

Biolgoical theories believe that crime causation can be understood by studying the interplay of all of the following except

A)the social environment.
B)biology.
C)heredity.
D)psychology.

Question 15

Which of the following is believed to have a biological influence on criminal behavior according to research?

A)low cortisol levels
B)lack of education
C)low testosterone levels
D)the weather

Question 16

Biological theory states that the basic determinants of human behavior are __________ based.

A)physiologically
B)psychologically
C)economically
D)deviant

Question 17

_________ theories explain criminality by reference to offenders' body types,genetics,or external physical characteristics.

A)Psychological
B)Sociobiological
C)Constitutional
D)Somatotyping

Question 18

Many criminologists feel that a contemporary crime-prevention program needs to be based on modern understandings of the link between

A)crime and biology.
B)crime and psychology.
C)psychology and social context.
D)genetics and biology.

Question 19

One of the first ideas to make use of chromosomes in crime causation can be seen with the

A)supermale.
B)deviant.
C)territoriality.
D)Twinkie defense.

Question 20

The biological theory assumes that human behavior is rooted in instinctive behavioral responses such as

A)psychical abuse.
B)territoriality.
C)mental abuse.
D)intellectuality.

Question 21

Some researchers have found that vitamin deficiency can impact delinquency in children.

Question 22

The concept of life course persisters is an example of social theory.

Question 23

Investigating the link between biology and crime has led to bitter controversies in the scientific community.

Question 24

With some exceptions,the number of crimes committed by men far exceeds the number of crimes committed by women.

Question 25

The chemicals serotonin and noradrenaline have been linked to aggressive behavior in human beings.

Question 26

A ________ criminal has a genetic predilection toward criminality.

Question 27

Classifying human beings into types according to body build and other physical characteristics is called constitutional theory.

Question 28

Claims that physical abnormalities may be linked to crime exist today.

Question 29

One of the earliest criminal anthropologists was ___________.

Question 30

Early biological theories were important because they determined a person's personality stemmed from the ______.

Question 31

The study of the shape of the head to determine anatomical correlates of human behavior is called criminal anthropology.

Question 32

Some consider the drive for wealth and power to be more civilized forms of human aggression in modern times.

Question 33

Lorenz's greatest contribution to the study of human behavior is his claim that all human behavior is adapted instinctive behavior.

Question 34

Gall was the one of the first Western writers to locate the roots of the personality in the brain.

Question 35

Observing a racial difference in crimes committed in a Chicago neighborhood is believed to be a _________ theory assumption.

Question 36

Early biological observations of aggression suggested it is linked to favoring the strongest and best for reproduction,following suit with _________ theories.

Question 37

Many believe that biological theories of crime are actually theories of criminality.

Question 38

The field of criminology has been quick to give credence to biological theories of deviant behavior.

Question 39

Evaluations of atavism measuring the degree of correlation between physiological features and criminal history proved to be scientifically sound.

Question 40

The concept of a born criminal stems from sociobiology.

Question 41

What are some of the major findings of the study of genetics in criminology? What does this suggest about human behavior in relation to social and physical environments?

Question 42

Explain Moffitt's two-path biosocial theory with examples.

Question 43

What is sociobiology? What criticisms are against it? What contributions has it made to the field? Provide examples.

Question 44

Explain Lorenz's view of biological aggression and modern crime.

Question 45

_________ established the sociobiological theory in criminology.

Question 46

A critique of twin studies is a critique of __________ theory.

Question 47

Discuss how the field of criminology has studied nutrition and hormones linked to criminality.Explain some research results.

Question 48

_________ such as testosterone are studied in their link to criminal behavior.

Question 49

Research has linked high dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids to a lower likelihood of ________ in young adults.

Question 50

Research has found significant statistical support for genetic _________ of criminal tendencies.