Deck 9: Crimes Against Persons

Question 1

Which of the following crime-reporting typologies does this chapter rely on to distinguish offenses?

A)FBI
B)UCR/NIBRS and NCVS
C)VAWA
D)VICAP

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following terms applies to a crime that results from acts of interpersonal hostility such as jealousy or rage?

A)nonprimary homicide
B)instrumental crime
C)primary crime
D)expressive crime

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following regions experiences a higher rate of homicide than the national average,a phenomenon that is explained by structural and/or subcultural reasons?

A)the South
B)the West
C)the Midwest
D)the Northeast

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following types of murder is a true crime of passion,in which the intent to kill and the killing itself happen almost simultaneously,as in the case of an individual who kills another in a fit of anger?

A)felony murder
B)first-degree murder
C)second-degree murder
D)third-degree murder

Question 5

According to the most recent available data,at which of the following locations is robbery most likely to occur?

A)street/highway
B)private residence
C)commercial house
D)bank

Question 6

Which of the following statements is supported by the research of Williams and Flewelling?

A)Population size is more important in explaining stranger homicide than family homicide.
B)The victim-offender relationship is unimportant in explaining homicide outcome.
C)Poverty is a strong predictor of family homicide.
D)The context of a homicide bears little relationship to its outcome.

Question 7

What is the distinction between gang-motivated violence and gang-affiliated violence?

A)Gang-motivated violence involves the crime of individual gang members acting independently;gang-affiliated violence involves gang members and is directly commissioned by the gang.
B)Gang-affiliated violence involves the crime of individual gang members acting independently;gang-motivated violence involves gang members and is directly commissioned by the gang.
C)Gang-motivated violence involves violence enacted against gang members by others;gang-affiliated violence involves violence enacted between members of a single gang.
D)Gang-affiliated violence involves violence enacted against gang members by others;gang-motivated violence involves violence enacted between members of a single gang.

Question 8

Which of the following statements describes the typology of a typical serial killer?

A)white female in her 40s-50s who targets strangers far away from home and work
B)white male in his 20s-30s who targets strangers near his home or work
C)black female in her 30s-40s who targets acquaintances near her home or work
D)black male in his 30s-40s who targets acquaintances far away from home and work

Question 9

Which of the following terms is sometimes referred to as negligent homicide or involuntary manslaughter?

A)felony murder
B)first-degree murder
C)second-degree murder
D)third-degree murder

Question 10

Which of the following statements reflects the most significant aspect of the UCR Program?

A)It only includes crimes that have been reported.
B)It includes alleged crimes that have not been reported.
C)It includes actual crimes that have not been reported.
D)It includes crimes whether or not they have been reported.

Question 11

Many serial killers are identified as having traits of which of the following personality types?

A)sociopaths
B)introverts
C)extroverts
D)feminists

Question 12

Approximately how many murders each year are the result of serial killings?

A)10
B)100
C)1000
D)10,000

Question 13

Exposure-reduction theory is used to explain which of the following criminological phenomena?

A)the reduction in rape cases since the 1950s
B)the increase in drug-related crime since the 1990s
C)the decline in intimate-partner homicide since the 1980s
D)the increase in rates of alcohol dependency since the 1970s

Question 14

Approximately what percentage of homicide victims and offenders have some prior relationship?

A)84 percent
B)55 percent
C)23 percent
D)10 percent

Question 15

The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by which of the following federal agencies?

A)the Department of State
B)the Bureau of Justice Statistics
C)the Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)the Central Intelligence Agency

Question 16

Which of the following statements did the findings of the National Youth Survey (NYS)reflect?

A)Females are involved in a higher proportion of crime than previously thought.
B)Race differentials in crime are higher than traditional sources suggest.
C)Age differentials in crime are lower than traditional sources suggest.
D)Violent criminals engage in crime much later than previously estimated.

Question 17

According to the NVAW Survey,what percentage of women experience rape at some point during their lifetime?

A)3.1 percent
B)6.4 percent
C)17.6 percent
D)25.2 percent

Question 18

Which of the following statements reflects the first major shift in crime rates in the U.S.?

A)crime increased sharply between the 1940s and the 1960s
B)crime declined dramatically during the early 1940s
C)crime increased significantly between the 1960s and the 1990s
D)crime declined meaningfully during the 1990s and 2000s

Question 19

The subculture of violence theory has been used to explain which of the following issues?

A)the disparity in rates of violence between men and women
B)the similarity in rates of violence between men and women
C)the sociodemographic similarity between victims and offenders
D)the sociodemographic disparity between victims and offenders

Question 20

According to the work of Parker and Smith,what is the distinction between primary and nonprimary homicide?

A)Primary homicides involve family members and are less frequent;nonprimary homicides involve strangers and are less common.
B)Primary homicides involve strangers and are less frequent;nonprimary homicides involve family members and are more common.
C)Primary homicides involve family members and are more frequent;nonprimary homicides involve strangers and are less common.
D)Primary homicides involve strangers and are more frequent;nonprimary homicides involve family members and are less common.

Question 21

A goal-directed offense that involves some measure of planning by the offender and little or no precipitation by the victim is known as a(n)________________.

Question 22

Almost all pedophiles are male.

Question 23

According to recent studies,intimate-partner homicides committed by women are significantly more likely to be precipitated than intimate-partner homicides committed by men.

Question 24

Homicide statistics suggest that victims and offenders share similar sociodemographic characteristics.

Question 25

________________ is a classification of crimes along a specific dimension,such as legal categories,offender motivation,victim behavior,or characteristics of individual offenders.

Question 26

Sibling offenses refer to crimes against one's siblings or other immediate relatives.

Question 27

The overwhelming majority of rape cases in the United States involve stranger rape.

Question 28

Third-degree murder refers to an unlawful killing in which the homicide is premeditated.

Question 29

Homicide victims are slightly more likely to be known than unknown to the offender.

Question 30

Robbery is classified as a violent crime because it involves the threat or use of force.

Question 31

Instrumentality refers to the fact that the type of weapon used in a particular encounter impacts whether the encounter ends in death.

Question 32

Many serial killers are difficult to apprehend because they have carefully crafted social personas and do not generate suspicion.

Question 33

As resources supporting nonviolent exit from a relationship increase,rates of intimate-partner homicide also increase.

Question 34

Pseudo-commandos are a type of mass murderer driven by feelings of anger and resentment who retreat into a life of violent fantasy.

Question 35

On average,less than half of violent victimizations and property crimes are reported to the police.

Question 36

The illegal killing of four or more victims at one event is ________________.

Question 37

In the context of evaluating homicide,________________ focuses on the characteristics of the victim that may have preceded victimization.

Question 38

Serial murder has reached epidemic proportions.

Question 39

Crimes of sexual abuse are more likely to be reported than other types of crime.

Question 40

The federal legislation known as ________________ was enacted in 1994 and intended to address,reduce,and respond to crimes enacted against women.

Question 41

What are some of the reasons that victims of intimate-partner violence might not leave their abuser,despite escalation of conflict?

Question 42

Discuss the impact of stalking on victims.What might advocates and policymakers do to control stalking,especially in the realm of cyberspace?

Question 43

The FBI program called ________________ focuses on the apprehension of serial killers and the investigation of serial murderers.

Question 44

The loss of self-control from factors like drugs,alcohol,or a social setting is called ________________.

Question 45

Discuss the primary changes in crime rates that have occurred in the U.S.since the 1930s.

Question 46

Statutes known as ________________ seek to protect sexual assault victims by ensuring that defendants do not introduce irrelevant facts about victims' sexual history into evidence.

Question 47

According to the research of Robert Nash Parker,what is the relationship between alcohol consumption and homicide?

Question 48

A violent property crime that occurs in a commercial setting,such as a bank,convenience store,or gas station,is known as a(n)________________.

Question 49

Match the term on the left with its description on the right.

Question 50

In contrast to mass murder,which involves the killing of multiple people at one time,________________ describes criminal homicide that involves the killing of several victims in three or more separate events.

Question 51

What are the four primary types of workplace violence?