Deck 15: Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

Question 1

All of the following are methods of reducing risk for CVD EXCEPT

A) not smoking.
B) reducing your intake of saturated fat and cholesterol.
C) increasing triglycerides in your blood.
D) increasing exercise.

Answer 1

increasing triglycerides in your blood.

Question 2

Which of the following groups has the highest incidence of hypertension?

A) Men under the age of 55
B) Women over 40 who have type 2 diabetes
C) African Americans
D) Asian Americans

Answer 2

African Americans

Question 3

Which of the following represents the most serious type of heart arrhythmia?

A) Tachycardia
B) Bradycardia
C) Fibrillation
D) Sinus rhythm

Answer 3

Fibrillation

Question 4

Which of the following would NOT be a contributing cause of congestive heart failure?

A) Rheumatic fever
B) Radiation or chemotherapy
C) Reaction to a tetanus vaccination
D) Pneumonia

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of a stroke?

A) Sudden weakness or numbness of the face
B) Sudden dimness of vision, particularly in one eye
C) Sudden severe headache
D) Sudden jaw pain

Question 6

Which of the following foods should be part of a heart-healthy diet?

A) steak.
B) olive oil.
C) bacon.
D) butter.

Question 7

The average healthy adult heart beats 70-80 beats per minute. A lower heart rate of 60 might indicate that

A) the individual is very fit.
B) a heart valve is malfunctioning.
C) the individual is stressed.
D) the individual is exercising vigorously.

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics would be consistent with a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in an adult female?

A) Blood pressure of 155/90
B) Fasting blood glucose of 80 mg/dL
C) HDL of 40
D) Waist measurement of 30 inches

Question 9

The best way to try to achieve the ideal HDL to LDL ratio before medications are prescribed is to

A) reduce the amount of saturated fat in your diet.
B) engage in regular exercise.
C) increase dietary protein.
D) reduce the amount of saturated fat in your diet and engage in regular exercise.

Question 10

An adult with a damaged sinoatrial node

A) must have a heart transplant to survive.
B) must have a pacemaker implanted to control the heart rhythm.
C) must take medication to control the heartbeat.
D) does not usually have any significant health problems.

Question 11

The human heart is about the size of a(n)

A) golf ball.
B) adult's fist.
C) small plum.
D) grapefruit.

Question 12

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow as it travels through the heart?

A) Right atria, right ventricle, lungs, left atria, left ventricle, aorta
B) Aorta, right ventricle, right atria, lungs, left atria, left ventricle
C) Left ventricle, left atria, aorta, right ventricle, right atria, lungs
D) Sinoatrial node, right atria, right ventricle, aorta, left atria, left ventricle

Question 13

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) fat deposits in the abdomen.
B) insulin resistance.
C) elevated triglycerides.
D) low blood pressure.

Question 14

Which of the following is true in regard to atherosclerosis?

A) It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries that form plaque.
B) It is easily reversed with medication and exercise.
C) It starts to develop after the age of 50.
D) Males are much more likely to develop it than are women.

Question 15

Which of the following cholesterol profiles would not indicate an increased risk of coronary heart disease?

A) Total cholesterol = 200; HDL = 40
B) Total cholesterol = 180; LDL = 135
C) Total cholesterol = 170; HDL = 70
D) Total cholesterol = 170; triglycerides = 160

Question 16

Which of the following is behavior that is important in preventing cardiovascular disease?

A) A sedentary lifestyle
B) Avoiding tobacco
C) Having adequate health insurance
D) Getting regular medical checkups

Question 17

A reduction in the heart's oxygen supply is a condition known as

A) angina pectoris.
B) ischemia.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 18

What percentage of Americans suffer from some type of cardiovascular disease?

A) 1/4
B) 1/3
C) 1/2
D) 3/4

Question 19

An individual would most likely suffer from angina pectoris when

A) sleeping.
B) walking up a flight of stairs.
C) working at a computer.
D) watching television.

Question 20

All of the following occur as part of congestive heart failure EXCEPT

A) the walls of the heart and blood vessels become weakened.
B) the flow of blood through the veins backs up.
C) the heart becomes enlarged, making it less efficient.
D) blood cannot accumulate in the legs, ankles, or lungs.

Question 21

The level of which type of proteins in the blood rises during an inflammatory reaction?

A) Polypeptide
B) Amino acid
C) Collagen
D) C-reactive

Question 22

Being completely "cured" of cancer means that an individual

A) has only a 10% chance of recurrence.
B) has survived for five years.
C) has no subsequent cancer and can expect to live a long and productive life.
D) has only a 25% chance of recurrence.

Question 23

A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her lymph nodes. The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is

A) metastasis.
B) transference.
C) transvergence.
D) malignance.

Question 24

Which of the following behaviors would most likely increase the risk of developing cancer?

A) Training and participating in a 10K race
B) Increasing your BMI by using weight training to build muscle
C) Eating a high-calorie, high-fat diet
D) Taking a stress management class

Question 25

Which of the following has a body shape that is considered a higher risk for heart disease?

A) Woman shaped like a pear
B) Woman shaped like an apple
C) Woman shaped like an hourglass
D) Man shaped like a pear

Question 26

A woman who began to have sex at an early age may be at risk for

A) leukemia.
B) breast cancer.
C) cervical cancer.
D) inherited mutations.

Question 27

Which of the following is true about radiation and cancer?

A) Ionizing radiation has been proven safe.
B) Ionizing radiation is the only form of radiation proven to cause cancer.
C) Exposure to radon has not been shown to increase the risk of cancer.
D) Ultraviolet radiation exposure does not increase cancer risk.

Question 28

Prostate cancer risk

A) has no correlation to family history.
B) is highest among Latino men.
C) is not affected by diet.
D) increases dramatically with age.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a technique used to diagnose heart disease?

A) Electrocardiogram
B) Angioplasty
C) Ultrafast computed tomography
D) Positron emission tomography

Question 30

Which of the following is true with respect to tumors?

A) A benign tumor is always harmless, whereas a malignant tumor can be fatal.
B) A malignant tumor is usually encapsulated and can metastasize.
C) A benign tumor can invade surrounding tissue, producing mutant cells, but it will not metastasize.
D) A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize.

Question 31

Obesity puts a strain on the heart because

A) extra fat cells use nutrients that would be used by the heart.
B) the heart works harder to move blood through the extra pounds of fat.
C) the change in metabolism slows the heart.
D) excess weight interferes with the metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 32

Taking an aspirin a day is useful in treating cardiovascular disease because

A) it reduces the risk of clot formation.
B) it increases the absorption of nutrients in cardiac muscle.
C) it decreases the likelihood of hypertension.
D) headaches are a leading cause of CVD.

Question 33

Al is going to begin chemotherapy to treat a type of lymphoma. Which of the following side effects is he likely to experience?

A) Lowered risk of infection
B) Rapid heartbeat
C) Nausea, fatigue, and hair loss
D) Memory loss

Question 34

Testicular cancer is

A) a form of cancer that exhibits no visible signs.
B) declining among males in the United States.
C) one of the most curable forms of cancer.
D) increasing the most among men over 65.

Question 35

Nonmodifiable factors for CVD include all of the following EXCEPT

A) heredity.
B) gender.
C) race.
D) cholesterol levels.

Question 36

All of the following are well-documented risk factors for breast cancer EXCEPT

A) early onset of menstruation and/or late menopause.
B) consuming 3 to 4 alcoholic drinks per week.
C) not having children or having your first child after the age of 30.
D) having a family history of breast cancer.

Question 37

A construction company used asbestos on many job sites over the years. Asbestos is an example of a(n)

A) widely used dye.
B) radioactive material.
C) environmental carcinogen.
D) pesticide.

Question 38

All of the following are ways to reduce carcinogens in the environment EXCEPT

A) buying ecofriendly cleaning and personal products.
B) buying clothes that require dry cleaning.
C) choosing organic foods when possible.
D) using bleach-free paper products.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true with respect to the genetic risk of cancer?

A) Oncogenes are suspected cancer-causing genes.
B) Scientists think that the majority of cancer types are hereditary.
C) Breast cancer does not appear to run in families.
D) The genetic risk of developing cancer can be easily distinguished from environmental risks.

Question 40

Jeremy was told that his cancer could not be treated with radiotherapy and must be treated with chemotherapy. This is probably because the cancer is

A) no longer localized.
B) too small to target with radiation.
C) in remission.
D) localized.

Question 41

Research has shown that which of the following may lower the risk for ovarian cancer?

A) Not having children
B) Using birth control pills
C) A low-calorie diet
D) Taking fertility drugs

Question 42

Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in bones, muscles, and/or connective tissue?

A) Lymphoma
B) Carcinoma
C) Sarcoma
D) Leukemia

Question 43

If caught early, the prognosis for colon cancer is good because

A) treatments are so advanced.
B) the disease progresses slowly.
C) it can be cured with diet.
D) treatment can be delayed.

Question 44

Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in the blood-forming parts of the body, particularly the bone marrow and spleen?

A) Lymphoma
B) Carcinoma
C) Sarcoma
D) Leukemia

Question 45

Sexually transmitted diseases have the greatest impact on increasing the incidence of which type of cancer?

A) Cervical
B) Ovarian
C) Testicular
D) Prostate

Question 46

The small arterial branches are the

A) ventricles.
B) venules.
C) atria.
D) arterioles.

Question 47

The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out are the

A) ventricles.
B) venules.
C) atria.
D) arterioles.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for colorectal cancer?

A) Obesity
B) Family history
C) Low intake of fruits and vegetables
D) Regular exercise

Question 49

All of the following are warning signs of melanoma EXCEPT

A) asymmetrical shape.
B) edges that are uneven or scalloped.
C) a uniform brown color.
D) a diameter larger than a pea.

Question 50

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood are the

A) ventricles.
B) venules.
C) atria.
D) arterioles.

Question 51

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the

A) veins.
B) capillaries.
C) arteries.
D) chambers.

Question 52

Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in the infection-fighting regions of the body?

A) Lymphoma
B) Carcinoma
C) Sarcoma
D) Leukemia

Question 53

A woman goes to the emergency room. She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed. Which condition is she likely experiencing?

A) Peripheral artery disease
B) Heart attack
C) Angina pectoris
D) Stroke

Question 54

Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in epithelial tissues and/or mucous membranes?

A) Lymphoma
B) Carcinoma
C) Sarcoma
D) Leukemia

Question 55

In the ABCD rule for the warning signs of melanoma, the B stands for

A) bleeding.
B) border irregularity.
C) beyond localized.
D) basal carcinoma.

Question 56

A man asks his office-mate to call 911 because he is experiencing tightness in his chest, pain in his left arm and shoulder, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Which condition is he likely experiencing?

A) Peripheral artery disease
B) Heart attack
C) Angina pectoris
D) Stroke

Question 57

Thin-walled vessels that are involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide are

A) veins.
B) capillaries.
C) arteries.
D) chambers.

Question 58

Vessels that carry to the heart are the

A) veins.
B) capillaries.
C) arteries.
D) chambers.

Question 59

One reason exercise might decrease breast cancer risk is because of

A) an increased metabolism.
B) a decrease in body fat.
C) the social support involved.
D) an increase in self-esteem.

Question 60

The best time for a man to perform a testicular self-exam is

A) when he first wakes up in the morning.
B) before he goes to sleep at night.
C) after strenuous exercise.
D) during or after a shower.

Question 61

Removal of tissue and microscopically examining it to determine if cancer is present is a

A) biopsy.
B) endoscopy.
C) colonoscopy.
D) PSA test.

Question 62

Which diagnostic test records the electrical activity of the heart?

A) Electrocardiogram
B) Angiogram
C) Magnetic resonance imaging
D) Cardiac calcium score

Question 63

Which blood pressure measurement is the upper number that represents the amount of pressure on arterial walls when the heart contracts?

A) Systolic
B) Diastolic
C) Aortic
D) Ischemic

Question 64

The small veins are the

A) ventricles.
B) venules.
C) atria.
D) arterioles.

Question 65

Which diagnostic test produces a three-dimensional image of the heart as blood flows through it?

A) Angiography
B) Computed tomography
C) Magnetic resonance imaging
D) Positron emission tomography

Question 66

The common name for a myocardial infarction is

A) a seizure.
B) a stroke.
C) CHF.
D) a heart attack.

Question 67

A period during which cancer has responded to treatment and appears to be under control is called

A) a cure.
B) retraction.
C) remission.
D) reoccurrence.

Question 68

What happens during a heart attack?

A) Blood pools in the lower extremities.
B) The heart pumps at an excessively rapid rate.
C) Blood supply is blocked to some area of the heart.
D) Blood supply to some area of the brain is interrupted.

Question 69

The most lethal form of skin cancer is

A) metastatic sarcoma.
B) squamous cell carcinoma.
C) basal cell carcinoma.
D) malignant melanoma.

Question 70

A Pap test is used to screen women for

A) cervical cancer.
B) ovarian cancer.
C) breast cancer.
D) sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 71

Which blood pressure measurement is the lower number that represents the amount of pressure on arterial walls when the heart relaxes?

A) Systolic
B) Diastolic
C) Aortic
D) Ischemic

Question 72

A new growth of tissue that serves no physiological purpose is a

A) benign cyst.
B) neoplasm.
C) malignant tumor.
D) scar tissue.

Question 73

Which diagnostic test is used to identify heart muscle damage caused by a heart attack?

A) Angiography
B) Computed tomography
C) Magnetic resonance imaging
D) Positron emission tomography

Question 74

Men over 50 are encouraged to get a PSA test to screen for

A) lung cancer.
B) cardiovascular disease.
C) testicular cancer.
D) prostate cancer.

Question 75

What happens in coronary artery disease?

A) Small blood vessels that supply blood to the heart narrow.
B) Blood forms clots throughout the body.
C) Blood supply is blocked to one or more extremities.
D) Blood supply to some area of the brain is interrupted.

Question 76

Consistently elevated blood pressure is the condition known as

A) arrhythmia.
B) angina pectoris.
C) ischemia.
D) hypertension.

Question 77

Homocystene is an amino acid that when found at high levels in the blood may indicate an increased risk of

A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) cardiovascular disease.
C) Parkinson's disease.
D) cancer.

Question 78

An irregularity in the heartbeat is known as

A) arrhythmia.
B) angina pectoris.
C) ischemia.
D) hypertension.

Question 79

What happens during a stroke?

A) Blood pools in the lower extremities.
B) The heart pumps at an excessively rapid rate.
C) Blood supply is blocked to some area of the heart.
D) Blood supply to some area of the brain is interrupted.

Question 80

"Mini-strokes" that cause only temporary impairment and that can indicate an impending stroke are

A) congestive heart failure (CHF).
B) transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
C) aneurysms.
D) arrhythmias.