Deck 17: Protecting Against Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

Question 1

When invaded by antigens, the body forms substances called

A) antibodies.
B) macrophages.
C) lymphocytes.
D) helper cells.

Answer 1

antibodies.

Question 2

All of the following must happen for a disease to occur EXCEPT

A) the host must be susceptible.
B) an agent must transmit a disease.
C) the environment must promote it.
D) the host must never have had the disease before.

Answer 2

the host must never have had the disease before.

Question 3

Two weeks ago your nephew came down with the chickenpox while visiting. Now you have itchy, crusted spots on your arms and you feel terrible. You probably were infected with the chickenpox virus when your nephew was there but did not get sick until now because of the

A) immune response.
B) incubation period.
C) inoculation period.
D) antibody activity.

Answer 3

incubation period.

Question 4

Tuberculosis (TB), largely controlled in the United States since 1950, has seen a resurgence in the last 20 years as a result of all of the following EXCEPT

A) conditions such as overcrowding and poor sanitation.
B) failure to isolate active cases of TB.
C) growth in immigration and international travel.
D) improved sanitation.

Question 5

A rise in body temperature that occurs to destroy invading cells is a(n)

A) fever.
B) autoimmune disease.
C) sign of hypertension.
D) allergic reaction.

Question 6

You woke up this morning with the worst headache of your life, and you feel nauseous. Your neck feels so stiff that you can hardly nod your head. Your roommate says your skin is very hot and you probably have a fever. Which of the following statements is true?

A) You drank too much and your roommate should make you quit whining and get out of bed.
B) You studied so much last night that you developed a tension headache. Your roommate should let you rest.
C) You are experiencing an aura associated with a migraine headache and your roommate should allow you to turn off all the lights.
D) You have signs of meningitis. Both you and your roommate should go to the health clinic immediately.

Question 7

Any substance that triggers an immune response is a(n)

A) pathogen.
B) antigen.
C) antibody.
D) toxin.

Question 8

Key factors in mounting an immune response include all of the following EXCEPT

A) antibodies.
B) macrophages.
C) lymphocytes.
D) red blood cells.

Question 9

You suffer from hay fever. The best way for you to minimize or prevent the symptoms of hay fever is to

A) take antihistamines.
B) take allergy shots.
C) avoid exposure to the plants that trigger your symptoms.
D) There is no way to prevent hay fever symptoms.

Question 10

All of the following are true about viruses EXCEPT

A) they are the smallest pathogens.
B) there are hundreds of viruses that cause disease.
C) they can reproduce outside of cells.
D) drug treatment is limited.

Question 11

When the body overreacts to a specific antigen, which is a hypersensitivity reaction, this is a(n)

A) antibody response.
B) allergic response.
C) hyperimmune response.
D) histamine response.

Question 12

Which of the following is a staphylococcal infection?

A) Scarlet fever
B) Pneumonia
C) Acne
D) Lyme disease

Question 13

All of the following behaviors will compromise your immune system's ability to fight infections EXCEPT

A) not getting enough sleep.
B) eating junk food.
C) excessive alcohol consumption.
D) exercising regularly.

Question 14

The bubonic plague is an example of a(n)

A) pandemic.
B) autoimmune disease.
C) epidemic.
D) treatable infection.

Question 15

Every time you eat something that contains yellow dye, you wheeze and get a rash. The dye must be an

A) antibody.
B) antigen.
C) enzyme.
D) immunoglobulin.

Question 16

Greg frequently gets cold sores (caused by HSV-1). He recently noticed that his left eye had a painful lesion, and he immediately made an appointment with his doctor. Greg's eye most likely became infected with the herpes virus when he touched his mouth and shortly afterward rubbed his eye, which is transmission via

A) autoinoculation.
B) direct contact.
C) indirect contact.
D) irritation.

Question 17

While in the hospital, Daniel's grandmother developed an inflammatory condition that involved a build-up of fluid in her lungs. His grandmother was suffering from

A) Tuberculosis.
B) Pneumonia.
C) Emphysema.
D) Influenza.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a bacterial infection or caused by a bacterial infection?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Lyme disease
C) Meningitis
D) Influenza

Question 19

You want to decrease your risk of developing an infectious disease. Which of the following factors can you control?

A) Heredity
B) Nutritional status
C) Environmental conditions
D) Age

Question 20

Microscopic organisms that are disease-causing agents are called

A) pathogens.
B) antibodies.
C) carcinogens.
D) toxins.

Question 21

Babies born to mothers with genital herpes should

A) have silver nitrate drops administered at birth.
B) undergo antibiotic treatment.
C) be delivered by cesarean section.
D) be breastfed to help enhance immunity.

Question 22

Delay in seeking medical care for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) increases the risk of permanent damage and scarring that can lead to

A) infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
B) bleeding between periods.
C) painful urination.
D) painful intercourse.

Question 23

Symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following EXCEPT

A) excessive appetite.
B) fever and headache.
C) nausea and vomiting.
D) dark yellow urine.

Question 24

Greg has suffered with recurrent cold sores since childhood. When finals were over, Greg and his girlfriend celebrated by going to their favorite romantic spot. Since Greg takes famciclovir (FAMVIR), there is

A) no chance of him transmitting the herpes virus to his girlfriend since he has no visible cold sores.
B) no chance of him transmitting the herpes virus to his girlfriend.
C) still some chance that he could transmit the herpes virus to his girlfriend.
D) nothing to worry about since the medication blocks the action of the herpes virus and he is cured.

Question 25

Mallory spent the summer working at a seafood restaurant in a small coastal town. While there, she began a relationship with a man she later discovered was a user of IV drugs. Now Mallory has hepatitis, which type is she most likely to have?

A) hepatitis A.
B) hepatitis B.
C) hepatitis C.
D) hepatitis D.

Question 26

Betthany is 42 and has cervical cancer. It is probably related to an infection she had during her college years, which was

A) hepatitis A.
B) human papillomavirus (HPV)
C) syphilis.
D) Chlamydia.

Question 27

A self-replicating protein-based agent that is thought to cause mad cow disease is a type of

A) virus.
B) fungi.
C) protozoan.
D) prion.

Question 28

Which of the following best describes the relationship between getting a chill and contracting a cold?

A) A chill may indirectly increase a person's risk for getting a cold by lowering the immune system's resistance.
B) Getting a chill will cause a person to get a cold.
C) Getting a chill has no effect on a person's immunity.
D) Getting a chill may increase a person's risk for contracting a cold but not increase risk of infection from other pathogens.

Question 29

You cannot believe that you seem to have come down with the flu while vacationing at a peaceful resort on a lake. The only downside to the beautiful location is having to constantly apply mosquito repellant to fend off the annoying bugs. The illness you most likely have is

A) ebola hemorrhagic fever.
B) hantavirus.
C) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
D) West Nile virus.

Question 30

When Maria's boyfriend returned from the health clinic, he told her he had been diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Maria should break up with her boyfriend because he is cheating on her.
B) Maria does not need to worry about contracting an STI because she was checked last year.
C) Maria does not need to worry because she does not have any gonorrhea symptoms.
D) Maria should go to the clinic to get tested for gonorrhea and treated if she has it.

Question 31

All of the following are recommended for avoiding contracting or spreading H1N1 EXCEPT

A) coughing or sneezing into a tissue or your sleeve.
B) washing hands often with hot, soapy water.
C) staying home, away from others, if you get sick.
D) going to work while sick as long as you take medication.

Question 32

Which of the following is a small form of bacteria carried by ticks that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A) Ehrlichiosis
B) Rickettsia
C) Lyme disease
D) Tuberculosis

Question 33

Misty, now 31, has been trying to get pregnant since she got married 4 years ago. Her doctor suspects that their infertility problem was likely caused by her history of PID from the most commonly reported STI. During her early 20s, Misty had contracted

A) herpes simplex.
B) gonorrhea.
C) chlamydia.
D) HIV/AIDS.

Question 34

Hepatitis B infections have decreased internationally due to

A) public education and the increased availability of vaccines.
B) fewer people having unprotected sex.
C) improved water quality worldwide.
D) more people sharing needles when injecting drugs.

Question 35

Candi was mortified when her doctor told her that she had a protozoal disease. She probably had

A) candidiasis.
B) trichomoniasis.
C) parasitic worms.
D) rickettsia.

Question 36

The stage of syphilis that is characterized by a bacteria-filled chancre is

A) primary syphilis.
B) secondary syphilis.
C) latent syphilis.
D) tertiary syphilis.

Question 37

The common cold is always present in the population, meaning that it is

A) pandemic.
B) virulent.
C) endemic.
D) epidemic.

Question 38

After a relaxing week of backpacking and camping in the woods, during which you enjoyed drinking cool water from a creek, you have returned to school. Since you got back, you are experiencing abdominal cramps that won't go away. This condition is probably not the result of schoolwork overload, but rather something you picked up during your camping trip. You likely have

A) malaria.
B) trichomoniasis.
C) giardiasis.
D) fungi.

Question 39

Davie became very ill with an E.coli infection while living on his grandfather's dairy farm last summer. He could have been infected in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) eating undercooked ground beef.
B) drinking unpasteurized milk.
C) swimming in a sewage-contaminated creek.
D) a mosquito bite.

Question 40

Ray went on a missionary trip to an underdeveloped country. While there, he enjoyed cultural celebrations that gave him the opportunity to sample a wide range of locally grown foods. He had to return home when he contracted hepatitis. Ray most likely has

A) hepatitis A.
B) hepatitis B.
C) hepatitis C.
D) hepatitis D.

Question 41

Which immune system malfunction occurs when the body develops antibodies that attack its own tissues?

A) Passive immunity
B) Active immunity
C) Autoimmunity
D) Aggressive immunity

Question 42

The major risk factor for chronic bronchitis is

A) a history of allergies.
B) a family history of lung disease.
C) cigarette smoking.
D) dust and pollen in the air.

Question 43

HIV can potentially be transmitted through all of the following EXCEPT

A) a condom breaking during vaginal intercourse.
B) sharing a razor.
C) receiving a blood transfusion prior to 1985.
D) swimming in the same pool as an infected person.

Question 44

You have a tension headache. Possible causes include all the following EXCEPT

A) muscle contractions in your head and neck from leaning over your desk while studying.
B) being allergic to the milk in the ice cream you ate last night.
C) constriction of the blood vessels in your brain from too much caffeine.
D) muscle spasms from chewing gum for hours while studying.

Question 45

Which bacterial infection affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and for which college students living in dormitories are at a higher risk than other populations?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Pneumonia
C) Meningitis
D) Influenza

Question 46

You fell asleep at your desk after studying for more than 4 hours. You suddenly awaken, are sweating, and have a stabbing pain behind your left eye. You are probably experiencing

A) a cluster headache.
B) a migraine headache.
C) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
D) a tension headache.

Question 47

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to a vaccine?

A) Naturally acquired passive immunity
B) Naturally acquired active immunity
C) Autoimmunity
D) Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 48

A global outbreak of influenza is an example of a(n)

A) trauma.
B) plague.
C) pandemic.
D) epidemic.

Question 49

Barry just found out his HIV test is positive. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Barry's positive HIV test means that he has AIDS.
B) Looking back, Barry knows exactly when he got infected with HIV because the initial symptoms are markedly different than other STIs.
C) Barry should seek treatment as soon as possible to slow progression of the disease.
D) Barry's wife does not need to worry about getting infected since she is a heterosexual female.

Question 50

Chronic fatigue is a debilitating fatigue that lasts at least

A) six months.
B) two months.
C) one month.
D) two weeks.

Question 51

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to exposure to antigens encountered in the course of daily life?

A) Naturally acquired passive immunity
B) Naturally acquired active immunity
C) Autoimmunity
D) Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 52

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or from mother to baby via breast milk?

A) Naturally acquired passive immunity
B) Naturally acquired active immunity
C) Autoimmunity
D) Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 53

Which of the following is caused by an increased production of a yeast-like fungus normally present in the vagina?

A) Candidiasis
B) HPV
C) Trichomoniasis
D) Gonorrhea

Question 54

The major types of headaches include all of the following EXCEPT

A) cluster headaches.
B) focal headaches.
C) migraine headaches.
D) tension headaches.

Question 55

Once a month Jason experiences a headache that is severe, lasts 6-8 hours, and is accompanied by vomiting and extreme sensitivity to light. He most likely has which type of headaches?

A) Tension
B) Migraine
C) Cluster
D) Stress

Question 56

Trichomoniasis is which type of infection?

A) Fungal
B) Viral
C) Protozoan
D) Bacterial

Question 57

The common cold is which type of infection?

A) Fungal
B) Viral
C) Protozoan
D) Staphylococcal

Question 58

The H1N1 outbreak that affected the United States is an example of a(n)

A) trauma.
B) plague.
C) pandemic.
D) epidemic.

Question 59

Emphysema may be categorized as a(n)

A) idiopathic disorder.
B) autoimmune disease.
C) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
D) secondary breathing disorder.

Question 60

You knitted scarves for all 12 of your cousins for Christmas presents. Now your hands and fingers are tingling and moving your wrists is very painful. You probably have

A) carpal inflammatory syndrome.
B) carpal tunnel syndrome.
C) median nerve irritation.
D) Raynaud's syndrome.

Question 61

Amy contracted the flu. Getting a flu shot now will enable her body to attack and eliminate the flu virus in her system.

Question 62

The virus responsible for causing genital warts is

A) hepatitis B.
B) chlamydia.
C) HPV.
D) syphilis.

Question 63

All bacteria can cause disease in humans.

Question 64

There are more serious health concerns related to your 3-year-old child having influenza than your having it.

Question 65

Which type of infection can be contracted by sharing needles?

A) Hepatitis B
B) Hepatitis A
C) HPV
D) Hemophilia

Question 66

The infection known as mad cow disease can be transmitted to humans through eating the meat of infected cows.

Question 67

Rates of most STIs have decreased in recent years.

Question 68

The largest form of pathogen is

A) fungi.
B) parasitic worms.
C) protozoa.
D) bacteria.

Question 69

Two high-risk behaviors associated with the development of HIV/AIDS are having unprotected sex and injecting drugs.

Question 70

Candidiasis is which type of infection?

A) Fungal
B) Viral
C) Protozoan
D) Bacterial

Question 71

When bacteria establish themselves in or on a host without causing an infection, this is known as

A) colonization.
B) infestation.
C) foundation.
D) globalization.

Question 72

Which of the following plays a major role in the body's immune response?

A) Red blood cells
B) Lymphocytes
C) Blood pressure
D) Lung capacity

Question 73

Which STI occurs in stages over a period of years?

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) HPV
D) Syphilis

Question 74

An allergic reaction can trigger the release of which substance that produces allergy symptoms?

A) Antiviral
B) Antibodies
C) Antihistamine
D) Histamine

Question 75

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Question 76

Herpes can be cured in its early stages with proper antibiotic treatment.

Question 77

Proper use of a condom during sexual activity does not guarantee protection against STIs.

Question 78

The hands are the greatest source of infectious disease transmission.

Question 79

An antibody is any substance capable of triggering an immune response.

Question 80

The most significant indicator of HIV progressing into full-blown AIDS is the reduction in a person's helper T cells to 20% of the level present in a healthy person.