Deck 19: Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reactions

Question 1

What is the cause of photo contact dermatitis?

A) Soap
B) Acids
C) Poison ivy
D) Drugs or drug metabolites

Answer 1

Drugs or drug metabolites

Question 2

Patients with celiac sprue need to avoid what agent?

A) Latex
B) Nickel
C) Gluten
D) Sumac

Answer 2

Gluten

Question 3

Why are Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections more difficult to treat?

A) Antibiotic resistance
B) Antibiotics cannot reach the site of infection
C) The antibiotics are so toxic that patients will not take them
D) MAC organisms can form spores that protect them from an immune response

Answer 3

Antibiotic resistance

Question 4

What is an advantage of in vitro testing over the PPD skin test for TB?
I. The test is more accurate
II. The test can be completed in 1 day
III. The test is not affected by prior TB vaccinations

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 5

Which of the following can be found inside a granuloma?

A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Macrophages

Question 6

Which of the following is/are considered a genetic factor that increases susceptibility to mycobacterial infections?
I. Defect in TNF-a receptor
II. Defect in vitamin D receptor
III. Defect in interferon-g receptor

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 7

Defects in NRAMPs cause:

A) Phagosome dysfunction
B) Disruption of protein synthesis
C) Inability to package and release antibodies
D) Defective interactions between CD4 T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Question 8

What is the difference between granulomas found in coccidioidomycosis and TB?

A) There are no T cells present in coccidioidomycosis granulomas.
B) There are B cells present only in coccidioidomycosis granulomas.
C) There are no fibroblasts present in coccidioidomycosis granulomas.
D) There are lymphocytes present only in coccidioidomycosis granulomas.

Question 9

Which of the following is present in bat droppings, putting cavers at risk for this disease?

A) Coccidioides immitis
B) Histoplasma capsulatum
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Question 10

What is the difference between a reaction to poison ivy and other delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions?

A) The poison ivy reaction is solely a CD8 response.
B) The poison ivy reaction is solely mediated by IgG.
C) The poison ivy reaction is solely an NK cell response.
D) The poison ivy reaction is solely a macrophage response.

Question 11

Why is a positive PPD skin test not sufficient to determine if a patient has active TB?

A) The skin test does not test for all strains.
B) There are many false positive test results.
C) Only the latent form gives a positive skin test.
D) The positive skin test only indicates previous exposure.

Question 12

Which of the following is a virulence factor and drug target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A) Capsule
B) NRAMP1
C) Ergosterol
D) Mycolic acid

Question 13

The main organ target for Coccidioides immitis is:

A) Lung
B) Liver
C) Heart
D) Muscles

Question 14

What role does lipoarabinomannan play in the immune response triggered by tuberculosis (TB) infection?

A) Stimulates production of IL-10
B) Stimulates production of TNF-a
C) Stimulates production of interferon-g
D) Stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Question 15

In which stage of TB infection does lung necrosis caused by macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) begin?

A) The first phase
B) The second phase
C) The third phase
D) The final phase