Deck 19: Testing Hypotheses With Glm Procedures

Question 1

A context variable captures factors unique to time,space,conditions,or person traits that may affect some hypothesized relationship.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Bootstrapping involves taking the available data and using sampling with replacement,generating a few samples and estimating the parameters in each of those samples.

Answer 2

False
Bootstrapping involves taking the available data and using sampling with replacement,generating many,many samples and estimating the parameters in each of those samples.

Question 3

Hierarchical regression involves adding sets of predictor variables sequentially in multiple stages of a regression analysis and examining the change in the models' predictive power at each step.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An indirect effect is a relationship consisting of two parts: the relationship between an independent variable and a mediator variable and the relationship between the mediator and the ultimate dependent variable.

Question 5

Partial mediation is a condition created when the direct relationship between X and Y is insignificant.

Question 6

Complete mediation is a condition created when the direct relationship between X and Y is undefined without the presence of a mediator.

Question 7

A positive relationship mean that as X goes up,so does Y.

Question 8

Time pressure,time of day,region,and demographic variables provide common context variables.

Question 9

A hypothesis should be stated in as few words as possible.

Question 10

When a hierarchical regression analysis suggests moderation,the best way to interpret the result is using R².

Question 11

In hierarchical regression,any independent variables involved in forming an interaction should be mean-centered or standardized.

Question 12

A direct effect assesses the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable where the hypothesis suggests that the relationship depends on some other variable.

Question 13

Moderation is the process by which some third variable affects the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable.

Question 14

A hypothesis should be general,not specific.

Question 15

A moderator variable fits between an independent variable and a dependent variable and serves to facilitate a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

Question 16

A hypothesis represents a much more comprehensive explanation than does a theory.

Question 17

In survey research,both the independent variable and the moderator variable are generally categorical.

Question 18

In an experiment,both the independent variable and the moderator variable often are categorical (nominal or ordinal).

Question 19

A tautology results from linear reasoning.

Question 20

Linear models play a minor and discretionary role in testing hypotheses.

Question 21

Which technique is a work-around for the bias problem with mediation?

A)moderation
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes testing

Question 22

The term slopes test sometimes is used to refer to the comparison of slopes in interpreting an interaction's effect.

Question 23

In hierarchical regression,the third model typically includes only control variables as predictors of the dependent variable.

Question 24

Which term refers to a relationship with two parts?

A)tautology
B)direct effect
C)indirect effect
D)partial mediation

Question 25

A well-stated hypothesis is NOT meant to be ____.

A)insignificant
B)comparative
C)specific
D)questionable

Question 26

Which type of variable fits between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

A)mediator variable
B)partial variable
C)indirect variable
D)complete variable

Question 27

Which type of variable serves to facilitate a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

A)mediator variable
B)partial variable
C)indirect variable
D)complete variable

Question 28

In hierarchical regression,the second model typically adds direct effects.

Question 29

A well-stated hypothesis should NOT be ____.

A)comparative
B)tautological
C)specific
D)questionable

Question 30

Which condition is created when the direct relationship between X and Y remains significant but is reduced in the presence of a mediator?

A)tautology
B)direct effect
C)indirect effect
D)partial mediation

Question 31

Which term refers to the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable where the hypothesis suggests a relationship that depends on no other variable?

A)tautology
B)direct effect
C)indirect effect
D)partial mediation

Question 32

Which condition is created when the direct relationship between X and Y is insignificant in the presence of a mediator?

A)tautology
B)direct effect
C)indirect effect
D)complete mediation

Question 33

Which technique focuses on resampling?

A)moderation
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes testing

Question 34

Which process involves taking the available data and using sampling with replacement to generate many samples?

A)moderation
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes testing

Question 35

Which condition is created when the relationship of X on Y is entirely indirect?

A)tautology
B)partial mediation
C)indirect effect
D)complete mediation

Question 36

A well-stated hypothesis is NOT ____.

A)succinct
B)general
C)meaningful
D)questionable

Question 37

At a minimum,how many samples are generated during bootstrapping?

A)10
B)20
C)100
D)500

Question 38

In hierarchical regression,the base model typically includes only direct effects.

Question 39

Another term for a circular explanation is a(n)____.

A)tautology
B)direct effect
C)indirect effect
D)partial mediation

Question 40

A multiple regression containing the independent variable,moderator,and interaction term could present problems with multicollinearity.

Question 41

Which process examines the change in a models' predictive power at each step?

A)moderation
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes testing

Question 42

The process by which some third variable affects the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable is called ____.

A)moderation
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes testing

Question 43

The base model in hierarchical regression ____.

A)adds direct effects
B)includes only control variables
C)adds continuous variable interactions
D)includes no independent variables

Question 44

All of the following are common context variables EXCEPT ____.

A)time pressure
B)sample attrition rate
C)conditions
D)person traits

Question 45

A(n)____________________ effect assesses the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable where the hypothesis suggests a relationship that depends on no other variable.

Question 46

____ of the independent variables representing direct effects facilitates the analysis and the graphical representation of effects.

A)Mediation
B)Standardization
C)Moderation
D)Bootstrapping

Question 47

An argument using circular reasoning is known as a(n)____________________.

Question 48

An indirect effect is a relationship consisting of ____________________ parts.

Question 49

Which technique might a researcher employ when using continuous variable interactions?

A)logistic regression
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes testing

Question 50

Which technique involves adding sets of predictor variables sequentially in multiple stages?

A)moderation
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes testing

Question 51

All of the following are common context variables EXCEPT ____.

A)time pressure
B)space
C)conditions
D)sample size

Question 52

In an experiment,both the independent variable and the moderator variable often are ____.

A)at least interval
B)ratio scale
C)categorical
D)irrelevant

Question 53

In hierarchical regression analysis,any independent variables involved in forming an interaction should be ____.

A)standardized
B)irrelevant
C)context variables
D)dichotomous

Question 54

The first part of an indirect effect is a relationship between an independent variable and a(n)____________________ variable.

Question 55

Which type of variable accounts for factors unique to time or space that may affect some hypothesized relationship?

A)mediator variable
B)partial variable
C)indirect variable
D)context variable

Question 56

When two variables in a model interact,a ____ can be used to better understand the relationship.

A)logistic regression
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes test

Question 57

A negative relationship indicates that as X goes up,Y goes ____________________.

Question 58

In an experiment,both the independent variable and the moderator variable often are ____.

A)at least interval
B)ratio scale
C)nominal or ordinal
D)irrelevant

Question 59

In survey research,both the independent variable and the moderator variable are generally ____.

A)at least interval
B)nominal
C)ordinal
D)irrelevant

Question 60

Which technique involves using a graphical depiction to interpret an interaction?

A)logistic regression
B)bootstrapping
C)hierarchical regression
D)slopes testing

Question 61

What are several questions the analyst faces when considering how to deal with the potential bias in regression analysis?

Question 62

List the characteristics of a well-stated hypothesis.

Question 63

The ____________________ test is used in interpreting an interaction's effect in hierarchical regression.

Question 64

Regression coefficients could be unreliable in the presence of ____________________ that routinely affects regression models with continuous variable interactions.

Question 65

Regression that involves adding sets of predictor variables sequentially in multiple stages of a regression analysis and examining the change in the models' predictive power is ____________________ regression.

Question 66

List the steps in the hierarchical regression process.

Question 67

Explain when partial mediation versus complete mediation occurs.

Question 68

Time pressure,time of day,and region provide common ____________________ variables.

Question 69

Variables that account for factors unique to time or ____________________ that may affect some hypothesized relationship are context variables.

Question 70

The second part of an indirect effect is the relationship between the ____________________ variable and the ultimate dependent variable.

Question 71

Explain when a researcher might want to use a slopes test and depict an interaction graphically.

Question 72

The condition created when the direct relationship between X and Y remains significant but is reduced in the presence of a mediator is ____________________ mediation.

Question 73

The condition created when the direct relationship between X and Y is insignificant in the presence of a mediator is ____________________ mediation.

Question 74

____________________ involves taking the available data and using sampling with replacement to generate many samples.

Question 75

The process by which some third variable affects the relationship between an independent and dependent variable is called ____________________.