Deck 16: Leadership

Question 1

An important aspect of leadership is influencing a group to achieve its goals.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Bernard expects his employees to "check their brains at the door." He does all the thinking, makes all the decisions, and issues commands to his subordinates. Bernard uses the ________ style of leadership.

A) autocratic
B) authoritarian
C) democratic
D) laissez-faire

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to the Ohio State studies, ________ refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and shape his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment.

A) people orientation
B) production orientation
C) initiating structure
D) consideration

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Trait theory ignores ________.

A) physical traits of leaders
B) the aspects of honesty and integrity
C) the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors
D) the fact that leaders should be able to create visions and solve problems

Question 5

The managerial grid used the behavioral dimensions "concern for people" and ________ and evaluated a leader's use of these behaviors, ranking them on a scale from 1 (low) to 9 (high).

A) "concern for integrity"
B) "concern for profit"
C) "concern for environment"
D) "concern for production"

Question 6

Susan has a reputation of being fair, helpful, and understanding. She even helped her subordinate overcome a personal crisis. Which one of the following dimensions of leadership is Susan displaying here?

A) consideration
B) initiating structure
C) employee orientation
D) task orientation

Question 7

Persons who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority are termed ________.

A) entrepreneurs
B) leaders
C) managers
D) visionaries

Question 8

According to the Ohio State studies, the ________ dimension of leader behavior is defined as the extent to which a leader has job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings.

A) relationship management
B) consideration
C) people orientation
D) integrity

Question 9

Which one of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader tends to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions, and limit employee participation?

A) authoritarian style
B) autocratic style
C) democratic style
D) laissez-faire style

Question 10

The ________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.

A) participative
B) autocratic
C) democratic
D) laissez-faire

Question 11

Connie sees her role as someone who provides direction and resources for her team then gets out of their way and lets them do their work however they think best. Connie uses the ________ style of leadership.

A) autocratic
B) participative
C) facilitative
D) laissez-faire

Question 12

In his speech the previous day, the new CEO had discussed his experience in the industry and his education. Carrie thought that the new CEO would do a great job given these characteristics, coupled with his good oratory skills and the fact that he just looked like a CEO. Carrie realized that she had been judging the new CEO in a manner consistent with the ________ theories of leadership.

A) trait
B) behavioral
C) contingency
D) situational

Question 13

The University of Michigan studies used the two dimensions of ________ and ________ to study behavioral characteristics of leaders.

A) employee oriented; production oriented
B) consideration; initiating structure
C) task; people
D) decision-making; employee development

Question 14

According to the University of Iowa behavioral studies, group members' satisfaction levels were generally ________.

A) higher under a supportive leader in the long run
B) improved when the leader was production oriented
C) maintained when the leader was directive in the short run
D) higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one

Question 15

Despite the best efforts of researchers, it proved impossible to identify one set of traits that would always differentiate leaders from nonleaders.

Question 16

When employee satisfaction is measured, employees seemed to be more satisfied under a(n) ________ leadership style than under a(n) ________ one.

A) laissez-faire; participative
B) supportive; laissez-faire
C) democratic; directive
D) democratic; autocratic

Question 17

In working with his employees, Carlos involves them in decision making and encourages them to participate in deciding their work methods and goals. Carlos's leadership style can best be described as ________.

A) autocratic
B) laissez-faire
C) democratic
D) participative

Question 18

Which one of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit?

A) facilitative style
B) delegative style
C) democratic style
D) laissez-faire style

Question 19

Early research on leadership traits ________.

A) sought to prove that charisma was an essential trait of leadership
B) focused on behavioral traits rather than physical traits of a leader
C) found consistent and unique traits that would apply to all effective leaders
D) focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders

Question 20

Barbara solicits input from her subordinates before making decisions that will affect them. She often praises them for good work and gently offers suggestions to improve their performance. Barbara uses the ________ style of leadership.

A) autocratic
B) participative
C) democratic
D) supportive

Question 21

The "telling" style of Hersey and Blanchard is most like the ________ style of the University of Iowa studies.

A) laissez-faire
B) democratic
C) autocratic
D) participative

Question 22

Fiedler's term ________ refers to the degree of influence a leader has over power-based activities.

A) leader-member relations
B) position power
C) responsibility
D) task structure

Question 23

Jack emphasizes to his people that the work must be done, regardless of circumstances, and encourages his employees to meet their sales quotas. He is generally liked, but because sales are unstructured, sometimes his employees resent his rather heavy-handed approach. Fiedler's contingency model would classify Jack as ________ oriented.

A) employee
B) organization
C) task
D) relationship

Question 24

Reviews of the major studies undertaken to test the overall validity of Fiedler's model have shown ________.

A) considerable evidence to refute the model
B) mixed results with some studies supporting the model and others refuting it
C) support for only part of the model
D) considerable evidence to support the model

Question 25

According to the University of Michigan studies, leaders who are production oriented are described as emphasizing interpersonal relationships and as taking a personal interest in the needs of their followers.

Question 26

Cognitive theories are leadership theories that identified behaviors that differentiated effective leaders from ineffective leaders.

Question 27

Jill has tried hard to build a good rapport with her employees and knows each of their families. She encourages her employees to work hard, but to be certain to take time out for themselves and their families. Fiedler's contingency model would classify Jill as ________ oriented.

A) production
B) consideration
C) task
D) relationship

Question 28

Fiedler would expect that the best leadership style was a function of ________.

A) leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
B) formal authority, production orientation, and consideration
C) chain of command, relationships, and power
D) situation, personality of leader, and readiness of employees

Question 29

According to Hersey and Blanchard, a high task-low relationship situation calls for the ________ leadership style.

A) delegating
B) telling
C) participating
D) selling

Question 30

The degree to which the job assignments are formalized and proceduralized is the ________ contingency dimension identified by Fiedler.

A) production orientation
B) initiating structure
C) task structure
D) organizational structure

Question 31

Effective leaders do not need a high degree of knowledge about the company, industry, and technical matters.

Question 32

Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was ________.

A) contingent upon the situation
B) relatively flexible
C) democratic
D) fixed

Question 33

Fiedler's dimension termed ________ is the degree of confidence, trust, and respect subordinates have for their leader.

A) leader-member relations
B) position power
C) task structure
D) leader-member exchange

Question 34

The ________ leadership theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers' readiness.

A) adaptive
B) situational
C) adjustable
D) facilitative

Question 35

In a short essay, contrast the three major behavior studies on leadership.

Question 36

To measure a leader's style, Fiedler developed the ________.

A) contingency grid
B) situational leadership theory
C) managerial grid
D) least-preferred co-worker questionnaire

Question 37

The ________ model proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with his or her followers and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence.

A) Fiedler contingency
B) situational leadership
C) University of Michigan
D) path-goal

Question 38

Research by Fiedler uncovered three contingency dimensions that define the key ________.

A) situational factors for determining leader effectiveness
B) follower factors for determining leader effectiveness
C) leader behavior factors for determining leader effectiveness
D) situational factors for determining follower effectiveness

Question 39

In a short essay, identify four traits associated with leadership and give an example of each.

Question 40

The managerial grid only provides a framework for conceptualizing leadership style.

Question 41

Jeremy is not in the habit of deciding everything on his own. He involves his team in the decision-making process as much as possible. He believes in communicating clearly and is always ready to help his team to get the best out of them. Jeremy's leadership style will be classified as which one of the following?

A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
D) delegating

Question 42

Which one of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides little direction or support?

A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
D) delegating

Question 43

Chuck manages the front-end crew at a fast food restaurant. For most of his crew, this is their first job so they have very few job skills but also seem reluctant to perform. In this situation, Chuck should use the ________ style.

A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
D) delegating

Question 44

According to the path-goal theory, a leader who lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks is termed ________.

A) directive
B) achievement oriented
C) participative
D) supportive

Question 45

According to the path-goal theory, a leader who is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates is termed ________.

A) directive
B) achievement oriented
C) participative
D) supportive

Question 46

Which one of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "environment" by the path-goal theory?

A) task structure and formal authority system
B) locus of control and experience
C) perceived ability
D) employee satisfaction

Question 47

Brooke has decided that the appropriate leadership style would be to show friendliness and concern for the needs of her subordinates. According to the path-goal model, she wishes to be a(n) ________ leader.

A) relationship-oriented
B) participative
C) supportive
D) considerate

Question 48

According to the path-goal model, when Greg consults with the employees for suggestions prior to making a decision, he displays which one of the following leadership styles?

A) considerate
B) supportive
C) participative
D) democratic

Question 49

Lately Francesca has been setting challenging goals and expecting subordinates to perform at their highest level. According to the path-goal model, she is acting as a(n) ________ leader.

A) achievement-oriented
B) high structure
C) production-oriented
D) high task

Question 50

Which leadership theory asserts that a leader's job is to assist followers in attaining their goals and to ensure that their goals are compatible with the goals of the group or organization?

A) Fiedler's Theory
B) Leader-Member Exchange
C) Leader Participation Model
D) Path-Goal Theory

Question 51

According to the path-goal model, when Ginger spends time with the employees so they can see that she is friendly and has concern for them, she displays which one of the following leadership styles?

A) considerate
B) supportive
C) participative
D) people-oriented

Question 52

Eddie generally lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks. He would be termed a(n) ________ leader.

A) high-structure
B) situational
C) supportive
D) directive

Question 53

The path-goal theory is a(n) ________ model of leadership that extracts key elements from the expectancy theory of motivation.

A) fixed
B) alternative
C) contingency
D) untested

Question 54

Which one of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "follower" by the path-goal theory?

A) locus of control
B) work group relationships
C) employee compensation
D) formal authority system

Question 55

Which one of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior?

A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
D) delegating

Question 56

When Fred recently met with the employees to let them know the product schedules and what he expected of them, he displayed which one of the following leadership styles?

A) directive
B) supportive
C) participative
D) achievement-oriented

Question 57

According to the path-goal theory, a manager who consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions exhibits what type of leadership behavior?

A) directive
B) achievement oriented
C) participative
D) supportive

Question 58

Alex was classified as an achievement-oriented leader by his team. Which one of the following would describe Alex's leadership style best?

A) He lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks.
B) He shows concern for the needs of his subordinates and is friendly.
C) He sets challenging goals and expects subordinates to perform at their highest level.
D) He consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.

Question 59

Don has been on the job only a few days. He still has a lot to learn but pays close attention whenever his job coach gives him tips. The best style for the job coach to use is ________.

A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
D) delegating

Question 60

Which one of the following would support Evelyn's attempt at becoming a participative leader?

A) She lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks.
B) She is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates.
C) She consults her subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.
D) She sets challenging goals and expects subordinates to perform at their highest level.

Question 61

According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ________ within a work group.

A) cohesiveness
B) high structure
C) substantive conflict
D) internal locus of control

Question 62

Path-goal theory states that employee performance and satisfaction are likely to be positively influenced when the leader chooses a leadership style that compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting.

Question 63

Path-goal theory holds that subordinates with an external locus of control will be more satisfied with a directive style.

Question 64

According to the path-goal theory, employee performance and leadership style are likely to be positively related when ________.

A) the leader adopts a directive style when the tasks are clear and the employee has the experience and the ability to handle them
B) the leader displays directive behavior at all times
C) the leadership style compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting
D) the leader adopts a directive style of leadership with followers who have an internal locus of control

Question 65

Bill expects his employees to wonder "What's in it for me?" when he assigns extra tasks to them, so he is ready with an answer about the reward for their work. Bill is a(n) ________ leader.

A) situational
B) transformational
C) transactional
D) charismatic

Question 66

In a short essay, discuss the situational leadership theory developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. Next, list and discuss the four specific leadership styles as defined by them.

Question 67

In a short essay discuss the stages of readiness from the situational leadership theory developed by Hersey and Blanchard. Give an example for each stage.

Question 68

The least-preferred coworker questionnaire measures whether a leader is task or relationship oriented.

Question 69

Robert House assumed that leaders can change leadership styles depending on the situation.

Question 70

Derek heads a team of ten research analysts in Deutsche Bank. Even though he is least impressed with Cara among all his subordinates, when asked about her work he chose to focus on her strengths rather than her weaknesses. Derek can be described as a task-oriented leader.

Question 71

Robert House's achievement-oriented leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level.

Question 72

Rachel's colleagues and subordinates have a very high regard for her. They know that no one can get high-quality work done the way Rachel can. She inspires her team to excel in their work, even exceeding their own expectations. What her subordinates like best about Rachel is that they are free to discuss her decisions with her, even question her once in while if they are not sure about her strategy. Which one of the following best describes Rachel's leadership style?

A) transactional
B) charismatic
C) authentic
D) transformational

Question 73

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership style proposed that effectiveness depends on the ability and willingness of the subordinates.

Question 74

Adrienne receives more attention and information from her supervisor than some of her coworkers. Because she feels "special," she puts more effort into her performance and scores higher on her evaluations. According to LMX theory, Adrienne is a ________.

A) naturally high achiever
B) member of the in-group
C) protégé of her supervisor
D) task-oriented employee

Question 75

Fiedler's model assumed that the leader's style was fixed regardless of the situation.

Question 76

According to the path-goal model, when Hannah meets with the employees to establish challenging goals and expectations for the next financial year, she displays which one of the following leadership styles?

A) task-oriented
B) production-oriented
C) democratic
D) achievement-oriented

Question 77

Which one of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders?

A) They are poor motivators.
B) They clarify task requirements.
C) They exhibit more than just charisma.
D) They focus on tasks and pay little attention to followers.

Question 78

When Alan was promoted to the head of the sales team at Mac Software Inc., he chose three of his closest friends in the team to form the core sales group with him. Which one of the following predictions would be consistent with the LMX theory?

A) Such an arrangement eventually becomes unstable.
B) Job satisfaction is more likely to be higher for the team members who are not a part of the core group.
C) Team members who are not a part of Alan's core group are actually far more competent than his friends who form the core team.
D) There will be a higher turnover among team members who are not a part of the core group.

Question 79

According to Robert House's path-goal theory, a supportive leader lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules the work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks.

Question 80

According to Fiedler's research, task-oriented leaders tended to perform better in situations that are very favorable to them and in situations that were very unfavorable.