Deck 4: Gdp: Measuring Total Production, Income and Economic Growth

Question 1

What is subtracted from GDP to calculate net domestic product (NDP)?

A)indirect sales taxes
B)transfer payments
C)depreciation
D)good and services produced overseas

Answer 1

indirect sales taxes

Question 2

Gross domestic product is the total market value of all:

A)intermediate and final goods and services produced in a time period within a country.
B)final goods and services produced in a time period within a country.
C)goods but not services produced in a time period within a country.
D)final goods and services produced in a time period by citizens of a country, both within the country and by its citizens working overseas.

Answer 2

final goods and services produced in a time period within a country.

Question 3

Gross national income (GNI)is defined as the value of final goods and services produced:

A)within Australia.
B)outside Australia.
C)by residents of Australia even if the production takes place outside of Australia.
D)within Australia, by Australian residents.

Answer 3

by residents of Australia even if the production takes place outside of Australia.

Question 4

To calculate GDP using the value-added method, we add up:

A)the market value of final goods and services produced during a particular period.
B)only the value added by the underground economy.
C)the value added by each firm involved in the production of final goods and services.
D)the market value of intermediate goods and services produced during a particular period.

Question 5

How are 'intermediate goods' treated in the calculation of GDP?

A)Their value is not counted separately, but included as part of the value of the final good of which they are an input.
B)Their value is counted separately, and their value is also included as part of the value of the final good of which they are an input.
C)They are included in the year that they are produced.
D)They are included only if they are imported.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the four main policy concerns of Australian macroeconomic policy?

A)the rate of economic growth
B)the circular-flow of income
C)the unemployment rate
D)the rate of inflation

Question 7

What is a 'final good'?

A)a good not used as an input in the production process
B)a natural resource used to produce a good
C)a good purchased as an input in the production process
D)a good used in the production of another good

Question 8

Which of the following is included in the gross domestic product for an economy in a given year?

A)The value of intermediate goods produced in that year.
B)The value of used goods sold in that year.
C)The value of final goods produced in that year.
D)All of the above would be included in the gross domestic product for an economy in a given year.

Question 9

Which of the following transactions would be included in GDP?

A)the purchase of pencils
B)the purchase of a Picasso painting
C)the purchase of Telstra shares
D)the purchase of a used truck

Question 10

How is total production in the economy measured?

A)as the market value of all final goods and services produced in the economy
B)as the total number of goods and services produced in the economy
C)as the total number of services produced in the economy
D)as the total number of goods produced in the economy

Question 11

An example of a 'final good' would be:

A)the soy milk sold to Starbucks.
B)the whipped cream sold to Starbucks.
C)a soy latte drink sold by Starbucks to a student.
D)the coffee beans sold to Starbucks.

Question 12

A truck that is produced in 2018 will not be sold until 2019. According to the definition of GDP, in which year's GDP should it be counted?

A)2019
B)2018
C)both years
D)2018 real GDP; 2019 nominal GDP

Question 13

A company named Home Depot sells new and used doors to contractors who build new homes. Home Depot also sells new and used doors to homeowners. Which of the following would be counted in GDP?

A)The sale of a used door to a homeowner.
B)The sale of a new door to a homeowner.
C)The sale of a used door for installation into a new home.
D)The sale of a new door for installation into a new home.

Question 14

Gross domestic product in the economy is measured by the:

A)total number of goods and services produced in the economy.
B)market value of all final goods and services produced in the economy.
C)total number of goods produced in the economy.
D)total number of services produced in the economy.

Question 15

Macroeconomics involves the economic issues of:

A)how the economy should organise resources within a particular industry.
B)how to generate full employment, price stability and maintain long-term economic growth.
C)how firms choose the prices they should charge for their products.
D)profit maximisation by firms.

Question 16

An example of an 'intermediate good' would be:

A)the bread that goes into a sandwich sold by a cafe.
B)a can of cool drink sold by a supermarket.
C)a microwave oven used at home.
D)the petrol purchased by consumers for their cars.

Question 17

Which of the following transactions would be included in the official calculation of GDP?

A)A student buys a used textbook at the bookshop.
B)Bridgestone sells $2 million worth of tyres to General Motors Holden.
C)You buy a new SmartPhone.
D)You illegally download music off the Internet to put on your iPod.

Question 18

An example of an 'intermediate good' would be:

A)a new car.
B)a used car.
C)the tyres on a new car.
D)new tyres to replace old tyres on a used car.

Question 19

Which of the following issues would be considered as part of the study of macroeconomics?

A)the price of clothing
B)profit levels in the retail sector
C)the unemployment rate
D)the wages of economists

Question 20

'GDP' is:

A)the value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a given time period.
B)the sum of consumption, investment, government spending and net exports during a given time period.
C)the sum of the market value of final production, rather than the quantity of production, during a given time period.
D)All of these options are correct.

Question 21

Gross domestic product is generally ________ net domestic product.

A)greater than
B)less than
C)equal to
D)unrelated to

Question 22

The components of the expenditure method of measuring GDP include all of the following except:

A)net exports.
B)changes in stocks of inventories.
C)government purchases.
D)unpaid household work.

Question 23

In the equation GDP = C + I + G + NX, the G component refers to:

A)federal government expenditures plus all transfer payments.
B)the taxes and expenditure of all levels of government.
C)federal government expenditures on transfer payments, such as pensions and unemployment benefits.
D)the purchases of final goods and services by all levels of government, excluding transfer payments.

Question 24

________ is/are the payment for the factor of production ________.

A)Wages; capital
B)Interest; labour
C)Profit; entrepreneurship
D)Rent; capital

Question 25

Consumption expenditures do not include household purchases of:

A)medical care.
B)education.
C)the family home.
D)durable goods.

Question 26

Which of the following would not be included in the expenditure category called 'investment'?

A)spending on new houses
B)the purchase of shares in a company
C)the purchase of a photocopy machine by the Commonwealth Bank
D)cars held in inventory by a local Ford car dealer

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of a 'transfer payment'?

A)A teacher's pay being transferred electronically from the government to the teacher.
B)An unemployment benefit.
C)Interest repayments on a loan.
D)The purchase of a new government office block.

Question 28

If a Korean firm produces cars in the US, that production should count toward:

A)the USA's GNI.
B)Korea's GDP.
C)the USA's GDP.
D)It will not affect either the USA's GNI or the USA's GDP.

Question 29

Which of the following would increase gross private domestic investment in an economy?

A)An increase in the shares of Apple stock households own.
B)An increase in the number of workers Apple hires.
C)An increase in the level of Apple's inventory.
D)An increase in the number of highway construction projects the government is funding.

Question 30

Which of the following is not considered part of government purchases?

A)transfer payments paid by the government
B)teacher salaries paid by the government
C)military equipment purchased by the government
D)a bridge purchased by the government

Question 31

Government spending ________ is included in gross domestic product.

A)at federal, state, and local levels of government
B)at the federal level of government only
C)at state and local levels of government only
D)on defence goods only

Question 32

The three main methods of measuring GDP are the:

A)multiplier method, the production method, and the expenditure method.
B)goods and services method, the production method, and the expenditure method.
C)income method, the production method, and the expenditure method.
D)consumption method, the savings method, and the investment method.

Question 33

If an Australian firm produces televisions in China, that production should count toward:

A)Australia's GDP.
B)China's GNI.
C)Australia's GNI.
D)It will not affect either Australia's GNI or Australia's GDP.

Question 34

Which of the following is included in investment spending?

A)changes in business inventories
B)non-durable goods
C)taxes
D)transfer payments

Question 35

In the circular flow, ________ supply the factors of production, and ________ goods and services.

A)households; sell
B)households; buy
C)firms; sell
D)firms; buy

Question 36

If you buy shares, the dollar value is:

A)included in GDP under investment.
B)not included in GDP.
C)included in GDP under consumer expenditure.
D)included in GDP as a business expense.

Question 37

A 'transfer payment' is a payment by the government to an individual for:

A)a service, such as a payment to hospital nurses and school teachers.
B)an investment good.
C)a consumption good.
D)which the government does not receive a good or service in return.

Question 38

'Transfer payments' are not included in GDP because:

A)they are not purchases of goods or services.
B)their value is included in government expenditure.
C)they do not generate income.
D)their market value is difficult to measure.

Question 39

The circular-flow diagram shows that:

A)the value of total income is equal to the total value of expenditures on final goods and services.
B)firms pay households wages, and households receive transfer payments from firms.
C)households spend all their income on goods and services.
D)GDP will be less than the total value of expenditures on final goods and services in the economy.

Question 40

Which of the following is considered a 'durable good'?

A)medical care
B)clothing
C)food
D)a washing machine

Question 41

A weakness of the measurement of GDP is that it includes the value of intermediate goods, therefore some double counting occurs.

Question 42

The purchase of shares in a company is not included in the investment component of GDP.

Question 43

In a small economy, gross investment in 2018 is $2 500, consumption spending is $6 000, net investment is $200, government spending is $1 500, exports are $2 000 and imports are $1 000. What is GDP for this economy in 2018?

A)$10 700
B)$10 300
C)$10 200
D)$11 000

Question 44

Fees that Australian universities receive from overseas students studying in Australia are not included as part of GDP but are included as part of Gross National Income (GNI), as GNI includes flows of funds from overseas.

Question 45

Which component of investment spending was the largest in Australia in 2015/16?

A)non-dwelling construction
B)dwellings
C)machinery and equipment
D)change in inventories

Question 46

What is the 'gross domestic product' of a country?
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Question 47

Assuming that Australia is the domestic economy, ________ are goods and services produced by ________ and purchased by ________.

A)exports; foreign countries; Australia
B)exports; Australia; Australia
C)imports; foreign countries; foreign countries
D)imports; foreign countries; Australia

Question 48

Which of the following is not included in the measurement of the net exports component of GDP?

A)The purchase of a Mercedes-Benz from Germany by an Australian citizen.
B)The sale of financial services by an Australian bank to an overseas company.
C)The sale of sheep to Egypt.
D)The sale of Australian shares to an overseas firm.

Question 49

Suppose that the following table represents the goods and services produced in a very simple closed economy in 2018. Assume that steel is used as an input in the production of cars. Using that information, calculate the GDP for the year 2018.

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Question 50

What is usually the smallest component of spending in GDP in Australia?

A)consumption spending
B)net export spending
C)government spending
D)investment spending

Question 51

Debbie makes porcelain plates in her home and sells them to a gallery. She spent $400 last month on supplies and made 50 plates. She sold the plates to the gallery at $25 per plate. The gallery sells all the plates for $40 each. For all of the 50 plates, what is Debbie's total value added? For all the 50 plates, what is the gallery's total value added? Explain your answer.
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Question 52

What is the largest component of GDP in Australia, as measured by the 'expenditure method'?

A)net exports
B)government expenditure
C)consumption expenditure
D)investment expenditure

Question 53

What is meant by 'intermediate goods' and are they included in the measure of GDP?
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Question 54

In a small economy, consumption spending in 2018 is $6 000, government spending is $1 200, gross investment is $1 500, exports are $2 000, and imports are $1 000. What is gross domestic product in 2018?

A)$9 700
B)$9 800
C)$10 800
D)$11 700

Question 55

The following table illustrates the value added in the production of a litre of petrol by each stage of production. (The values are hypothetical, and there are no excise taxes or sales taxes.)

a.What is the value added by each stage of production?
b.What is the total value added?
For simplicity, you can ignore the cost of the inputs for oil drilling.
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Question 56

If Anton sells his 2004 Honda Accord for $5 500 in 2018, the sale of his car contributes $5 500 to GDP in 2018.

Question 57

Explain the difference between 'gross domestic product' and 'gross national income'.
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Question 58

Macroeconomics is the study of how households maximise their satisfaction and firms allocate resources to maximise profits.

Question 59

Government spending on transfer payments is included in government purchases when calculating GDP, because it results in the production of new goods and services.

Question 60

The circular-flow model demonstrates that the value of total production is equal to the value of total income in an economy.

Question 61

Use the circular-flow diagram to explain why the value of total expenditure in an economy is equal to the value of total income.
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Question 62

If an increase in crime causes people to spend money on police and security systems, GDP will rise.

Question 63

Which of the following is counted in GDP?

A)The value of goods and services produced in the underground economy.
B)The cost of a speed boat purchased at Bob's Boats used by drug smugglers.
C)The value of do-it-yourself work.
D)The value of leisure.

Question 64

The size of the underground economy as a percentage of GDP is larger in Australia than in poorer countries such as Peru.

Question 65

The 'underground economy' refers to the:

A)buying and selling of goods that is concealed from the government.
B)production of goods and services used by the government for covert spy operations.
C)sector of the economy that earns profits that are higher than average.
D)formal sector of the economy in developing countries.

Question 66

In an 'underground economy', the production of goods and services are:

A)not measured nor included in GDP.
B)not measured but are included in GDP.
C)measured and included in GDP.
D)usually too insignificant to be included in GDP.

Question 67

Define each of the three methods of calculating GDP used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
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Question 68

The 'underground economy' can be described as:

A)production of intermediate goods and services.
B)economic production that includes mining.
C)economic activity that is hidden from the government to avoid taxes or because the activity is illegal.
D)production of infrastructure that spurs growth in the rest of the economy.

Question 69

If a country passes a labour law limiting the number of hours of work per week, ceteris paribus, GDP would ________ and leisure would ________.

A)decrease; increase
B)increase; increase
C)decrease; decrease
D)increase; decrease

Question 70

'Household production' refers to:

A)the manufacturing of durable household products.
B)the home building sector of the economy.
C)home-based craft businesses.
D)goods and services people produce for themselves.

Question 71

Scott is a woodworker and charges $150 an hour for his time manufacturing custom-made wood products. For his wife's birthday, he designs and creates an intricate birds-eye maple jewellery box that takes him 20 hours to complete. By how much and in what direction does GDP change as a result of his efforts?

A)GDP rises by $3 000.
B)GDP is not affected by Scott's production of the jewellery box.
C)GDP rises by $150.
D)GDP falls by $3 000.

Question 72

Marla is an architect who is designing a home for Charles. Charles is paying Marla $150 per hour to design his new home. When Charles and Marla get married, Marla continues to work on designing the home, but she no longer charges Charles for her work. As a result, GDP ________ because ________.

A)falls; Marla's work takes place in the underground economy once she's married
B)falls; Marla's work becomes less valuable once she's married
C)falls; Marla's architectural design services are no longer bought by Charles once they're married
D)rises; Marla becomes more productive once she's married

Question 73

GDP is not a perfect measure of wellbeing because:

A)the value of leisure is included in GDP.
B)GDP is not adjusted for the effects of pollution.
C)GDP is adjusted for changes in crime.
D)GDP is adjusted for increases in drug addiction.

Question 74

Give reasons why measured GDP does not reflect total production in an economy.
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Question 75

Which of the following transactions would take place in the 'underground economy'?

A)Elizabeth tells her mother she's going to work but really goes to see a movie.
B)Paul buys 15 litres of petrol for $1.45 per litre, not realising that 40 cents per litre of that price goes to the government as tax revenue.
C)John makes chain-link belts and necklaces and sells them at a local market for cash to avoid paying taxes.
D)Matt bought an iPhone for $400 but decided to sell it on eBay instead of keeping it.

Question 76

Describe how the final value of an iPhone must be equal to the sum of income generated by the production of the iPhone.
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Question 77

The Australian Bureau of Statistics divides its statistics on GDP into four major categories. List the categories of expenditures and describe each.
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Question 78

Why do we subtract import spending from total expenditures?
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Question 79

What is another name used for the 'underground economy'?

A)Formal sector.
B)Informal sector.
C)Halfway economy.
D)Net domestic product economy.

Question 80

Why do individuals and firms sometimes conceal the buying and selling of goods and services from the official measurement of GDP, and what proportion of GDP is this estimated to comprise in Australia?
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