Deck 6: Applying Social Psychology to Sports Teams

Question 1

Which of the following characteristics would have the greatest impact on the cohesion of teammates?

A) being about the same age
B) being of the same race
C) having similar attitudes
D) being from the same social class

Answer 1

having similar attitudes

Question 2

Which of the following teams is likely to have the highest level of task cohesion?

A) a three-person beach volleyball team
B) a football team
C) a 17-person hockey team
D) a soccer team

Answer 2

a three-person beach volleyball team

Question 3

Which of the following has the greatest influence on team cohesion?

A) role clarity
B) role performance
C) role ambiguity
D) role acceptance

Answer 3

role acceptance

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of groups,as characterized by Forsythe (1999)?

A) structured patterns of communication
B) interdependence between members
C) appropriate collegiality
D) identifiable roles and structures

Question 5

"A dynamic process which is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs" is the definition of which of the following constructs?

A) motivation
B) satisfaction
C) morale
D) cohesion

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a component of team cohesion?

A) permanence
B) affectivity
C) multidimensionality
D) instrumentality

Question 7

Social exchange theory fundamentally focuses on the exchange of ______.

A) nonverbal communication gestures
B) resources
C) respect
D) social behaviors

Question 8

In the "Focus on Research" in Chapter 6 ("Sports"),it was reported that providing teams with false feedback that they were stronger than their competitors led to which of the following outcomes?

A) higher expectations of success and increasingly better performance following failure on a subsequent task
B) lower expectations of success but increasingly better performance following failure on a subsequent task
C) higher expectations of success but worsening performance following failure on a subsequent task
D) lower expectations of success and worsening performance following failure on a subsequent task

Question 9

A team member who claims,"This team doesn't try hard enough to win,and I'm not happy about it," would be discussing which form of cohesion?

A) attraction to group-task
B) group integration-social
C) attraction to group-social
D) group integration-task

Question 10

Saying that team cohesion is instrumental means that teams

A) enlist players with different sets of skills
B) have goals and objectives
C) are meaningful to the players and coaches
D) teach players how to play the trumpet

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main styles of communication identified by Hanin (1992)?

A) focused messages
B) evaluation messages
C) task-irrelevant messages
D) stimulation messages

Question 12

Team members are likely to display ______ messages before a game,______ messages during the game,and ______ messages after the game.

A) orientation; stimulation; evaluation
B) stimulation; orientation; evaluation
C) evaluation; orientation; focused
D) stimulation; focused; evaluation

Question 13

In the sports chapter,it is suggested that wins and losses may affect collective efficacy but not individual efficacy because

A) task cohesion is the factor that affects collective efficacy
B) wins and losses are contingent on the strength of the opposing teams, so individual efficacy is not affected
C) team accomplishments are more salient to team members than individual accomplishments
D) team accomplishments are less salient to team members than individual accomplishments

Question 14

Which of the following is most accurate?

A) Task cohesion correlates more strongly with team confidence than does social cohesion.
B) Social cohesion correlates more strongly with team confidence than does task cohesion.
C) Task cohesion and social cohesion correlate approximately equally with team confidence.
D) Neither task cohesion nor social cohesion correlates with team confidence.

Question 15

Which of the following is likely to have the highest level of social cohesion?

A) a two-man rowing team
B) a football team
C) a three-person beach volleyball team
D) a doubles tennis pair

Question 16

The authors of Chapter 6 ("Sports")suggest that the difficulties encountered by the rowing team profiled in the opening vignette were due primarily to issues related to ______.

A) role clarity
B) role performance
C) role ambiguity
D) role acceptance

Question 17

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding team communication and performance?

A) Team communication is not related to performance.
B) Task communication is not related to team performance.
C) Social communication is related to team performance.
D) Social communication is not related to team performance.

Question 18

A casual Friday night pick-up hockey league is likely to have teams that possess high ______ and low ______.

A) instrumentality; social cohesion
B) task cohesion; affectivity
C) social cohesion; task cohesion
D) affectivity; instrumentality

Question 19

Which of the following is synonymous with collective efficacy?

A) team success
B) team confidence
C) team winning streak
D) team cohesion

Question 20

According to the textbook,the most significant of the topics examined in sports teams include ______.

A) team cohesion
B) groupthink
C) team success
D) team satisfaction

Question 21

Eccles and Tenenbaum (2007)describe cross-training as

A) a process by which individuals train for some time in the roles of their teammates
B) a process by which individuals train using different activities than normal
C) a process by which individuals train with different teams
D) a process by which individuals train with their opponents

Question 22

When Tom plays rugby,his primary concern is to beat the other team.However,his teammate Rich is more concerned about giving his all during the game and trying to always play better than he played in the previous game.Tom has a(n)______ goal orientation,and Rich has a(n)______ goal orientation.

A) process; outcome
B) performance; outcome
C) performance; process
D) outcome; performance

Question 23

Examples of social factors that influence cohesion are group size,leadership style,and member roles.

Question 24

Groups are best characterized by certain key features.These features include structured patterns of communication,interdependence among members,shared identity,and identifiable roles and structures.

Question 25

______ focus on achieving success based on self-comparison.

A) Outcome goals
B) Process goals
C) Performance goals
D) Comparison goals

Question 26

As it relates to the social understanding of teams,another term for the notion of team confidence is collective efficacy.

Question 27

Research suggests that social cohesion may be more important than task cohesion with respect to team performance.

Question 28

According to Eccles and Tenenbaum (2007),an alternative way of conceptualizing intrateam communication in sport is as a ______.

A) social outcome
B) social cognitive exchange
C) social performance
D) social evaluation

Question 29

Eccles and Tenenbaum (2007)refer to team mental models that facilitate communication in sport.Team mental models are

A) the sharing and manipulation of information among team members
B) verbal and nonverbal cues known only to team members
C) images teams use to help understand set plays
D) gestures that promote cohesion

Question 30

Team performance,coach satisfaction,and motivation are three important consequences or outcomes of chemistry.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of effective goal setting?

A) setting specific goals in order to reduce ambiguity
B) setting realistic goals so that they are viewed as achievable
C) setting challenging goals so that effort is exerted
D) setting general goals to maintain motivation

Question 32

In their qualitative study of choking in team sports,Hill and Shaw (2013)found that the main reason athletes choked was ______.

A) fear
B) distraction
C) lack of confidence
D) overconfidence

Question 33

Research highlights that a unique approach to team communication is the use of family therapy for sports teams.

Question 34

Anecdotal and research evidence suggests that teams low in cohesion perform better than teams high in cohesion.

Question 35

In the communication training intervention developed by Sullivan (1993)for sports teams (Chapter 6,"Sports"),which of the following was NOT one of the objectives in her intervention program?

A) effective listening
B) effective speaking
C) self-assessment
D) identification of problems

Question 36

Two important principles of team goal setting are (1)selecting the team goals and (2)evaluating,providing feedback,and reevaluating the team goals for effectiveness.

Question 37

Research has shown that intervening in the problems experienced by sports teams by using family psychology interventions

A) has little effect because teams are not families
B) has little effect because families usually have children but high-level sports teams are composed mainly of adults
C) can help to remediate the problems teams face
D) has sometimes resulted in a decrease in team performance

Question 38

The construct of cohesion reflects four key characteristics.Specifically,cohesion is one-dimensional,affective,instrumental,and stable.

Question 39

In the example provided by Eccles and Tenenbaum (2007),they suggest two strategies for optimizing communication among teams.These include

A) developing a shared language and cross-training
B) cross-training and increased communication
C) developing a shared language and silent training sessions
D) silent training sessions and cross-training

Question 40

In the ______ framework,messages between teammates are part of a larger process that contributes to the development and functioning of a team mental model.

A) social comparison
B) fundamental attribution
C) social cognitive exchange
D) social learning theory

Question 41

Based on research by Eys,Patterson,Loughead,and Carron (2006),the text outlines four main principles of team goal setting.List these principles,and outline the stages.

Question 42

Sullivan (1993)developed an extensive communication training program for sports teams designed to optimize the interpersonal communication skills of the athletes.Name the seven stages,and describe the activities of two.

Question 43

Individual roles have been found to affect team cohesion.The text highlights that there are several different aspects of how roles may affect cohesion.Differentiate between role clarity,role acceptance,and role performance.

Question 44

As outlined in the text,performance goals focus strictly on the competitive result of an event.

Question 45

As discussed in the text,self-confidence is an important factor in sports teams.Researchers have distinguished between self-efficacy and collective efficacy.Differentiate between the two.

Question 46

Team cohesion plays an important role in sports teams.Describe two antecedents that shape and influence team unity.

Question 47

Team confidence and team goal setting are two core aspects of team dynamics.Describe these features in detail.

Question 48

The text discusses four main characteristics of cohesion.Name all four,and describe two in detail.

Question 49

Effective communication among teams is often understood within the framework of social exchange theory.Describe this theory,and list two key characteristics in a social exchange interaction.

Question 50

Communication among team members is an important part of team sports.Outlined in the text are four main styles of communication (kinds of messages).Describe three of them in detail.

Question 51

Research on sports teams suggests that team goal setting plays a key role in performance outcomes.Three types of goal orientation are noted in the text.Name and describe two types.