Deck 14: Applying Social Psychology to Diversity

Question 1

Diversity arises from ______.

A) learned ways of doing things
B) psychology
C) change
D) culture

Answer 1

learned ways of doing things

Question 2

Which of the following descriptions best characterizes aversive racists?

A) Despite holding racist beliefs, they believe they are not prejudiced.
B) In addition to holding racist beliefs, they are not afraid to demonstrate their racism.
C) They go out of their way to demonstrate their dislike for minority group members.
D) They go out of their way to demonstrate their liking for members of their racial group only.

Answer 2

Despite holding racist beliefs, they believe they are not prejudiced.

Question 3

When facing a conflict concerning whether they should act as they personally desire or act in such a way as to please their important reference groups,people who are allocentric would

A) act as they desire
B) act in such a way as to please the reference group
C) integrate the desires of both parties and try to please both themselves and others
D) be more likely than an idiocentric to follow culturally prescribed practices

Answer 3

act in such a way as to please the reference group

Question 4

Tim works in a country in which great inequalities in social status are accepted.He is not permitted to question the authority of his boss and is expected to address him formally.It is likely that Tim works in a country that would score high on ______.

A) femininity
B) power distance
C) masculinity
D) individualism

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the definition of culture?

A) It involves a system of rules.
B) It involves attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors.
C) It is manifested the same way by all members of a particular culture.
D) It can change over time.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding group diversity and creativity?

A) Diversity always increases the creativity of groups because more perspectives are available.
B) It is still unclear which aspects of diversity will help or hinder a group in being more creative than individuals working alone.
C) Diversity results in lower levels of creativity in groups.
D) Diversity has no effect on group creativity.

Question 7

A group that has built-in diversity as a result of the different strengths and talents of its members is said to have ______ diversity.

A) functional
B) productive
C) background
D) innovative

Question 8

Which is true?

A) Axioms refer to ideas that individuals, as a group, think are unclear.
B) Axioms are explicit cultural statements of how the world operates that are taught to others in a society.
C) Axioms are implicit beliefs about how the world works and concern beliefs about oneself, the social and physical environment, or the spiritual world.
D) Axioms are specific beliefs about one's position in this world.

Question 9

According to the text,gender is the result of sociocultural influences.This means that gender develops partly because

A) of benevolent sexism
B) genetics play no role in gender development
C) behavior that matches social expectations often is rewarded
D) Behavior that matches social expectations often goes unnoticed

Question 10

Research by Fiske and her colleagues (1999)showed that the only group of people (among 16 groups)that was rated by university students as both disliked and disrespected was ______.

A) foreign-language-speaking immigrants
B) visible minorities
C) disabled people
D) people receiving welfare

Question 11

The set of 10 value types developed by Schwartz (1992)is based on the idea that

A) value types are universal and are shared by the members of all cultures
B) cultures are different and must be studied independently
C) the differences among cultures are illusory and unimportant
D) historical forces lead to different value types among cultures

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of culture as defined by Hofstede (2002)?

A) aggressive/passive
B) individualism/collectivism
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) masculinity/femininity

Question 13

Hofstede (2002)suggests that culture is like the ______ of the mind.

A) hardware
B) CPU
C) software
D) keyboard

Question 14

Some people are not overtly prejudiced.They recognize racial disparities but also believe that hard work will result in success for all those who are willing to invest the necessary effort.These people may be characterized as ______.

A) symbolic racists
B) overt racists
C) aversive racists
D) ambivalent racists

Question 15

Which is NOT true?

A) People who believe that hard work pays off would likely score high on a measure for reward for application.
B) People who believe that hard work pays off would likely score low on a measure for reward for application.
C) Reward for application is low in countries such as Canada and the United States.
D) Reward for application reflects a belief that if one gets the information one needs and then plans carefully, positive results will follow.

Question 16

Research on social axioms examines culture from a unique perspective.How is culture examined from this perspective?

A) by looking at "what is" (beliefs or understandings)
B) by looking at "what should be" (values)
C) by looking at "what exists" physically in the culture
D) by looking at "what is within" (subcultures within the larger culture)

Question 17

Gender is a product of ______.

A) physiology
B) sociocultural influences
C) diversity
D) normative influences

Question 18

Sandeep believes in karma,that there are many equally valid ways to achieve goals,and that governments can't be trusted.Which pattern of social axioms describes Sandeep?

A) high religiosity, high social flexibility, and low social cynicism
B) high religiosity, high social flexibility, and high social cynicism
C) low fate control, high reward for application, and low social cynicism
D) high fate control, high social flexibility, and high social cynicism

Question 19

In the research conducted by Swim and Hyers (1999),women were more likely to react verbally to sexist comments when other women were absent.Swim and Hyers explained this phenomenon by drawing upon which of the following social psychological concepts or theories?

A) attribution theory
B) social learning theory
C) diffusion of responsibility
D) priming effect

Question 20

During a business meeting,Peter tells Mary that she looks good in the suit she is wearing.According to Glick and Fiske (1996)this could be interpreted as ______.

A) hostile sexism
B) benevolent sexism
C) ambivalent sexism
D) racist sexism

Question 21

Research on reducing stereotypes has shown that teaching children to de-categorize results in

A) increases in prejudice
B) increases in prejudice but decreases in stereotypes
C) more positive perceptions of diverse ethnic groups
D) less positive perceptions of diverse ethnic groups

Question 22

People differ on core characteristics that are key determinants of life experiences.Core characteristics include cultural and demographic features.

Question 23

Idiocentric is the term given to someone who will tend to do what is seen as best for the group,even if it means giving up personal goals.

Question 24

Realistic group conflict theory would suggest that reducing conflict between groups would be best achieved by

A) promoting honest discussion
B) changing the perception that one group has more of a desired resource than another
C) introducing common goals
D) ensuring greater contact among group members

Question 25

Someone with an individualistic orientation to life is called an allocentric.

Question 26

According to Allport's (1954)contact hypothesis,which of the following is necessary to reduce conflict between antagonistic groups?

A) unequal status
B) perception of common goals
C) individualism
D) collectivism

Question 27

Someone who handles conflict by trying to fully satisfy the interests of both parties would be using which of the following conflict management styles?

A) compromising
B) obliging
C) integrating
D) dominating

Question 28

Conflict may occur when people or groups have ______ interests.

A) competitive
B) uncooperative
C) similar
D) constructive

Question 29

Rahim and Bonoma (1979)suggest that interpersonal conflict management approaches can be understood by considering the dimensions of

A) concern for self and concern for others
B) long-term orientation and short-term orientation
C) personal focus and social focus
D) individualism and collectivism

Question 30

Stereotype threat refers to the fear or nervousness that results when individuals of an out-group use a negative stereotype about your in-group against you.

Question 31

Three of Hofstede's cultural dimensions include power inequalities,certainty avoidance,and cultural diversity.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a component of the coalition-building approach to conflict resolution?

A) social norms that facilitate positive intergroup interaction
B) high acquaintance potential
C) individual attitudes
D) a facilitator who is skilled in conflict resolution

Question 33

Overall,research on the relationship between diversity and opportunities,such as creativity and problem solving,demonstrates that diversity

A) always benefits groups
B) presents opportunities but also can create difficulties for groups
C) is always detrimental to group functioning
D) benefits groups as long as discrimination is avoided

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true of social identity theory?

A) It posits a distinction between personal identity and social identity.
B) It claims that one's perception of one's personality forms the basis of group memberships.
C) It posits that people strive toward achieving a positive social identity.
D) It suggests that categorization of groups does not have to based on real, observable differences.

Question 35

Which is NOT true? Research has found that diversity can sometimes lead to feelings of ______.

A) exclusion
B) conflict
C) sadness
D) happiness

Question 36

The contact hypothesis purports that negative intergroup relations could be improved by increasing positive contact between members of two groups.

Question 37

Power distance refers to the extent to which people in a society accept inequalities based on social status,wealth,power,laws,and/or physical characteristics.

Question 38

The term sexism specifically refers to bias against women based on their sex.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT one of the origins of prejudice?

A) cognitions, such as stereotypes
B) motivations, such as those involved in the theory of relative deprivation
C) evolutionary processes, involving processes related to securing scarce resources
D) emotional processes, such as those involved in liking certain desserts

Question 40

______ is to attitudes as ______ is to behavior.

A) Creativity; innovation
B) Discrimination; prejudice
C) Innovation; discrimination
D) Prejudice; discrimination

Question 41

Describe two forms of conflict management.

Question 42

The compromising style of conflict management involves reaching an agreement that is mutually satisfactory to the self as well as to others.

Question 43

Describe realistic group conflict theory (RGCT).

Question 44

Define sexism,and differentiate between hostile sexism,benevolent sexism,and ambivalent sexism.

Question 45

When an issue is simple and insignificant,avoidance is the most effective way of managing conflict.

Question 46

The text outlines a total of 10 values associated with Schwartz's values framework.List these values.

Question 47

Differentiate between the terms sex and gender.

Question 48

Define racism,and describe two types.

Question 49

Describe the theory of relative deprivation.

Question 50

Differentiate between prejudice and discrimination.

Question 51

Differentiate between the concepts of the undeserving poor and the deserving poor.

Question 52

Explain what is meant by diversity.