Deck 12: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

Question 1

Which nationalist organization was responsible for assassinating Archduke Ferdinand and his wife?

A)The German Bund
B)The White Knights
C)The Austrian Revolutionaries
D)The Black Hand
E)The Serbian Brotherhood

Answer 1

The Black Hand

Question 2

European military machines ____ between 1890 and 1914.

A)shrank considerably in size
B)doubled in size
C)were largely unchanged in size
D)increased fivefold in size
E)increased tenfold in size

Answer 2

doubled in size

Question 3

How would you explain the communist victory in the Russian Civil War?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Who were the Bolsheviks and what did they want?

Question 5

How did World War I contribute to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution?

Question 6

Which nineteenth-century European political movement was most responsible for triggering World War I?

A)Nationalism
B)Liberalism
C)Conservatism
D)Socialism
E)Modernism

Question 7

What was Germany's strategy at the outset of the war? Why did it fail?

Question 8

In your opinion, what nation or nations was most responsible for starting World War I?

Question 9

What was the immediate catalyst of World War I?

A)The uprising of Catholic peasants in Bavaria
B)The assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo
C)The German invasion of Poland
D)The German naval blockade of Britain
E)The French occupation of the Ruhr

Question 10

How did events in the Balkans in 1914 spark World War I?

Question 11

How did women's lives change during World War I?

Question 12

Why did the Allies eventually prevail over the Central Powers?

Question 13

Which two nations competed for domination of the new Balkan states in the early twentieth century?

A)Russia and Austria
B)France and Britain
C)Spain and Italy
D)Germany and Austria
E)Britain and Germany

Question 14

Which two nations had no mandatory military service prior to World War I?

A)Germany and Austria-Hungary
B)Great Britain and the United States
C)France and Great Britain
D)Italy and Germany
E)Russia and France

Question 15

At the beginning of the twentieth century, socialist labor movements

A)were in steep decline.
B)had largely been co-opted by big business.
C)had grown more powerful.
D)had little support in Germany and Britain.
E)were almost nonexistent.

Question 16

Describe Woodrow Wilson's vision of the postwar world. Was it realistic? Optimistic? Explain.

Question 17

What role did technology play in the high casualty rate suffered during World War I? What other factors contributed to the high casualty rates?

Question 18

Who did Austria turn to for approval of its plan to attack Serbia?

A)Hungary
B)Russia
C)Germany
D)The Ottoman Empire
E)France

Question 19

In what sense was the Great War a "world war"?

Question 20

In your opinion, was the peace settlement at the end World War I a just and fair one? Why or why not?

Question 21

In 1916, compulsory military service was introduced in ____ for the first time.

A)France
B)Austria
C)Germany
D)Russia
E)Britain

Question 22

The unexpected development of ____ baffled military leaders on both sides.

A)barbed wire
B)rocket-powered missiles
C)strategic bombing
D)trench warfare
E)airplanes

Question 23

On which side did the Ottoman Empire join the war in 1914?

A)The United States
B)Italy
C)France
D)Russia
E)Germany

Question 24

The ____ Amendment to the Constitution gave American women the right to vote in 1920

A)Fifteenth
B)Sixteenth
C)Seventeenth
D)Eighteenth
E)Nineteenth

Question 25

Which of the following entered the war on the Allied side in 1915?

A)The United States
B)Japan
C)Italy
D)The Ottoman Empire
E)Spain

Question 26

At the First Battle of the Marne,

A)Germany was halted just east of Paris.
B)Germany won a crucial victory.
C)France drove the Germans back across the border.
D)U.S.troops distinguished themselves with their bravery.
E)poison gas proved the decisive weapon.

Question 27

Which British officer incited Arab princes to revolt against their Ottoman overlords?

A)T.E.Lawrence
B)George Clemenceau
C)Woodrow Wilson
D)Alfred von Schlieffen
E)John J.Pershing

Question 28

What did most Europeans believe about the Great War?

A)It would be much like the American Civil War in length.
B)It would be an exciting, emotional release from the otherwise dull and boring existence of mass society.
C)It would last for years creating a rousing state of perpetual heroics as proclaimed by Nietzsche in his writings on the "superman."
D)It would ultimately bring about the unification of Europe in one centralized and highly militarized government.
E)It would result in a new balance of power throughout all of Western Civilization.

Question 29

At the outset of the war, the United States

A)declared its neutrality.
B)voiced its support for the Allies.
C)voiced its support for the Central Powers.
D)began to make plans for immediate intervention in Europe.
E)offered to host a peace conference.

Question 30

How many men died at the ten-month Battle of Verdun?

A)10,000
B)100,000
C)500,000
D)700,000
E)1 million

Question 31

What was the main reason why European diplomats were incapable of slowing a rush toward war as early as late July of 1914?

A)European kings, tsars, and emperors were too bent on war to heed their advice.
B)The complex, rigid, and demanding mobilization plans devised by European army generals made immediate military action essential.
C)Ordinary people everywhere went to the polls and voted for immediate opening of the war on all fronts.
D)European industrialists, seeking to profit from mass destruction, induced the politicians they owned through bribery to push declarations of war through all European legislatures.
E)Communications was slow in a pre-computer era.

Question 32

What was the economic impact of World War I?

A)It saw European governments adopt a "hands off" policy toward their economies.
B)It saw European governments all take control of only war-related industries.
C)It witnessed European governments gradually take full control of all aspects of their economies.
D)It did little to affect the domestic industries of European nations.
E)It brought considerable prosperity to all of the belligerent nations.

Question 33

From which empire did the Balkan states gain independence prior to World War I?

A)The British Empire
B)The United States Empire
C)The Ottoman Empire
D)The French Empire
E)The German Empire

Question 34

What occurred as public morale and support for the war ebbed?

A)Workers' strikes became less frequent as they were brutally repressed.
B)The liberal French government under Clemenceau found it impossible to end internal dissent.
C)Propaganda posters and weapons became less important.
D)Police powers were expanded to include the arrest of all dissenters as traitors to the state.
E)Politicians attempted to end the war short of total victory.

Question 35

What happened to daily life as soldiers on both sides realized that no one could gain an advantage in trench warfare?

A)Savage treatment of prisoners became commonplace.
B)New weapons were developed to kill rather than overrun the enemy.
C)Soldiers' daily lives became increasingly squalid and miserable in rat-infested trenches.
D)Officers increasingly encouraged soldiers not to fight and to await a peace treaty.
E)Most of the participants on all sides simply quit active fighting and the war bogged down into a stalemate.

Question 36

How did the war in the East differ from the war in Western Europe during 1914?

A)It was marked by immobility.
B)It was marked by mobility.
C)It developed methodically and took months to get heated.
D)It was marked by careful diplomacy.
E)It involved much smaller numbers of troops.

Question 37

How did Europeans perceive the upcoming war in August 1914?

A)It would be the dawn of a new socialist Europe.
B)It would be very short, possibly only weeks in duration.
C)It would mark the end of European civilization.
D)Its long-term nature would revive Europe's suffering economy.
E)It would be avoided at the last minute, once the diplomats finally met together.

Question 38

What assumption underlay the Schlieffen Plan?

A)That France could not be conquered by Germany alone
B)That Britain would stay out of the coming war
C)That Germany would be fighting a two-front war
D)That the coming war would be long and bloody
E)That Russia was Germany's most dangerous adversary

Question 39

What was the chief reason for the United States' entry into World War I?

A)Compelling British propaganda
B)German violations of the principles of neutrality and freedom of the seas
C)Expulsion of the American consul from Berlin
D)Diplomatic chicanery on the part of the Austrians
E)Threats by Mexico to invade the southwestern United States

Question 40

Why did Tsar Nicholas II order full mobilization on July 29, 1914?

A)He was tricked into doing so.
B)He did not believe his generals assessment of the military situation.
C)He wanted revenge against Austria.
D)He was obligated to do so under the terms of the Concert of Europe.
E)His generals told him he had no choice.

Question 41

What was Georges Clemenceau's chief goal at the armistice talks?

A)Punishing Germany and gain security for France
B)Helping Germany become a democracy
C)Maintaining a demilitarized Europe
D)Limiting Britain's influence on the continent
E)Establishing the League of Nations

Question 42

Who was the power behind the throne in Russia in 1916?

A)Alexandra
B)Rasputin
C)Alexis
D)Trotsky
E)Kerensky

Question 43

How did George Clemenceau's government respond to increased opposition to the war?

A)The government encouraged French citizens to voice their opposition.
B)The government suppressed basic civil liberties in order to quell dissent.
C)The government created less wartime propaganda.
D)The government was unaware of the opposition to the war.
E)The government ignored the opposition to the war.

Question 44

How many soldiers were estimated to have died and to have been wounded in World War I?

A)three million dead, and ten million wounded
B)five million dead, and fifteen million wounded
C)six or seven million dead, and eighteen million wounded
D)eight or nine million dead, and twenty-two million wounded
E)twelve million dead, and thirty million wounded

Question 45

The French drafted more than 170,000 ____ soldiers, many of whom fought on the western front.

A)Chinese
B)West African
C)South American
D)South African
E)Indian

Question 46

What was the most important thing for Woodrow Wilson after the war?

A)Punishing Germany by requiring economic sanctions
B)Assuring a peace based on justice and reconciliation
C)Deepening America's isolationism from European affairs
D)Bringing about the disintegration of the Soviet Union
E)Returning the defeated German Empire back to its pre-1866 borders

Question 47

What was the name of the 1918 peace treaty between Russia and Germany?

A)Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Treaty of Petrograd
D)Treaty of Germany-Russian Alliance
E)Treaty of Non-Aggression

Question 48

David Lloyd George won an electoral victory in December 1918 by promising to

A)support Wilson's Fourteen Points.
B)overturn the Russian Revolution.
C)start the process of decolonization.
D)bring a lasting peace to Europe.
E)make Germany pay for the war.

Question 49

The Allies took advantage of the war to

A)claim new territory in southeast Asia.
B)dismantle workplace regulations.
C)dismember the Japanese empire.
D)take control of China.
E)seize German colonies in Africa.

Question 50

What did Lenin do upon his return to Russia in April of 1917?

A)He outlined a specifically Russian movement toward socialism without first going through a bourgeois revolution.
B)He announced his proposals to continue Russian participation in World War I.
C)He listed the conditions under which the Bolsheviks would accept a new republican form of government.
D)He argued that revolution was an impractical means of establishing a new government for Russia.
E)He appealed to Russian patriotism, ignoring social and economic class appeals.

Question 51

What best describes the Second Battle of the Marne?

A)It marked the end of Germany's final, futile effort to win the war.
B)It provided the decisive victory Germans had long sought.
C)It was a disaster for the French.
D)Its outcome was decided by the entry of Australia into the war.
E)It ended in a stalemate, and thus the war continued.

Question 52

The War Guilt Clause declared ____ responsible for starting the war.

A)Serbia
B)Russia
C)Germany
D)France
E)all of the combatants equally

Question 53

What most accurately describes the Russian army between 1914 and 1917?

A)It was well armed.
B)It was poorly led.
C)It was smaller than the armies of the other great powers.
D)It went from victory to victory.
E)It was highly professional.

Question 54

Under Lenin's direction, the Bolsheviks became a party devoted to

A)world peace.
B)violent revolution.
C)winning the war against Germany.
D)liberalizing Russia.
E)rapid industrialization.

Question 55

Which ethnic group suffered a million deaths from genocide during World War I?

A)Serbians
B)Russians
C)Irish
D)Turks
E)Armenians

Question 56

What was a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles?

A)It absolved the Central Powers of full guilt in causing the war.
B)It created Wilson's United Nations.
C)It created a system by which the old Turkish Empire could be safely dismantled.
D)It dismembered the Ottoman Empire.
E)It forced Germany to acknowledge "war guilt" and to pay reparations for its alleged wartime aggression.

Question 57

What did Lenin do following the Bolshevik seizure of power in November 1917?

A)He accelerated the war effort against Germany.
B)He returned the control of factories to their rightful owners.
C)He entered into a treaty with Germany in the attempt to bring peace to Russia.
D)He successfully managed to reestablish the Duma under socialist control.
E)He confiscated all the agricultural land in Russia, forcing the peasants into large collective farms.

Question 58

Who was V.I. Lenin?

A)A central figure in the establishment of a provisional government in Russia
B)An activist who denounced revolutionary violence in his "April Theses"
C)A politician who formed a democratic labor party with strong middle-class support
D)A neutral Swiss citizen
E)A leader of the Bolsheviks who promised "peace and bread"

Question 59

All of these events were factors in the collapse of Russia's tsarist regime in March 1917 EXCEPT

A)the leadership of the Mensheviks formed a new Provisional Government.
B)a general strike in Petrograd.?c..heavy wartime casualties due to incompetent military leadership and poor equipment
C)strife in the ruling dynasty due to the influence of Rasputin?.e.the incompetent political leadership of Nicholas II.

Question 60

What best describes women workers during World War I?

A)They served as support troops behind the front line trenches.
B)They gained equal industrial wages with men by the end of the war.
C)They achieved permanent job security in the once male-dominated workplace.
D)They worked in all areas except the textile industry.
E)They gained the right to vote immediately following the war.

Question 61

Governments took considerable control over their economies during the war.

Question 62

On the same day that the Duma formed a provisional government Tsar Nicholas II abdicated.

Question 63

Most Europeans went to war in 1914 with considerable concern, fear, and trepidation.

Question 64

French military leaders refused to let African soldiers fight on the western front.

Question 65

By 1914, Serbia was determined to create a large, independent Slavic state in the Balkans.

Question 66

German war plans called for a quick strike against Britain, followed by a second strike against France.

Question 67

What did the United States Senate vote to do after World War I?

A)Forgive the war loans to England and France
B)Reject the Versailles Treaty that Wilson had negotiated
C)Join and actively participate in the League of Nation
D)Occupy northern Mexico in retaliation for the Zimmerman Telegram
E)Form a military alliance with England, France, and Russia

Question 68

Total war failed to solve Europe's high unemployment crisis.

Question 69

The United States entered the war on the side of the Allies in 1915.

Question 70

What happened to Eastern Europe as a result of World War I?

A)It experienced little or no real change.
B)It fell subject to the new Russian communist state.
C)It witnessed the emergence of many new nation-states.
D)It quickly overtook western Europe economically.
E)It sunk into widespread international anarchy and chaos.

Question 71

The Battle of Verdun cost hundreds of thousands of lives and resulted in little change in territory held.

Question 72

At the end of World War I, Britain took control of Iraq and Palestine.