Deck 16: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World 1965-1985

Question 1

What was true about Playboy magazine when it first launched in the 1950s?

A)It had no nudity.
B)It featured images but very little text.
C)It encouraged men to spice up their married sex lives.
D)It encouraged men to find sexual satisfaction outside their marriages.
E)It was banned in its first year.

Answer 1

It encouraged men to find sexual satisfaction outside their marriages.

Question 2

Would it be accurate to say that all, or at least most, of the popular culture of this period was Postmodern? Explain.

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Compare and contrast the American war in Vietnam and the Soviet Union's conflict in Afghanistan. In what ways were they similar? In what ways were they markedly different?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Discuss the impact of the birth control pill and the sexual revolution upon western society. Give examples.

Question 5

What led to the post-World War II feminist movement? What were its goals?

Question 6

Which period marked the zenith of European economic growth?

A)1789 to 1815
B)1851 to 1914
C)1921 to 1929
D)1945 to 1965
E)1973 to 1985

Question 7

In 1966, ____ was founded, with a goal of bringing "women into full participation in the mainstream of American society.

A)Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
B)the sexual revolution
C)the feminist movement
D)the Feminine Mystique
E)National Organization for Women (NOW)

Question 8

A popular slogan of the youth movement of the 1960s was

A)"The Times They Are A Changin'"
B)"Life's a beach."
C)"Dump Nixon"
D)"Make Love, Not War."
E)"We are the flower children."

Question 9

Which nation took the initial lead in the sexual revolution of the 1960s?

A)the United States
B)France
C)Italy
D)Sweden
E)the Soviet Union

Question 10

Taking into consideration the entire spectrum of human affairs, what was Western Civilization's greatest challenge between 1965 and 1985? Why do you think this was more challenging than other important issues of the day?

Question 11

Discuss the causes and consequences of the protest movements of the 1960s, including successes and failures.

Question 12

What major economic problems and consequences plagued the West during the 1970s? How did the U.S., Europe, and the Soviet Union each attempt to resolve these problems? Which country or policies had the greatest success and why?

Question 13

Between 1965 and 1985, did new technologies and new scientific discoveries do more to benefit or to harm the planet and its inhabitants? Explain.

Question 14

Were the ongoing processes of globalization doing more to benefit the interests of the few or the many? Be sure to provide evidence from theChapter for the answer.

Question 15

How did some Europeans react to student protests there?

A)They detested what they saw as the lawlessness of the privileged.
B)They blamed student radicals for large numbers of deaths during protests in 1968.
C)They argued that even students within the antiwar movement began to have doubts about their actions.
D)They wanted to see the full police powers of the states of Europe brought down upon the protesters.
E)They demanded that universities withdraw their funding from student protestors.

Question 16

Student radicalism in the 1960s was motivated by all of these reasons EXCEPT

A)the Vietnam War.
B)Western society's growing materialism.
C)fear of becoming a cog in Western society's bureaucracies.
D)desire for more democratic decision-making within universities.
E)demand for sexual freedom on campuses.

Question 17

College and university students in the 1960s opposed all of these conditions in higher education EXCEPT

A)declining enrollments.
B)lack of relevant educational content.
C)crowded classrooms.
D)authoritarian administrators.
E)inattentive professors.

Question 18

Would "Americanization" be the proper word to use when describing the popular culture of the Western world since World War II? Why and/or why not? Be specific.

Question 19

Identify and discuss the causes and consequences of the student rebellions of the 1960s and 1970s.

Question 20

In The Feminine Mystique, ____ argued that women in the 1950s were kept from reaching their full human potential.

A)Rachel Carson
B)Betty Ford
C)Simone de Beauvoir
D)Kathleen Windsor
E)Betty Friedan

Question 21

What ultimately sealed Jimmy Carter's defeat in the 1980 presidential election?

A)The collapse of oil prices
B)His pardoning of Richard Nixon
C)The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
D)The troubled economy
E)His inability to gain the release of American hostages held in Iran

Question 22

As the European Community expanded in the 1970s and 1980s,

A)Great Britain withdrew its membership.
B)the United States sought to join as an honorary member.
C)Greece, Spain, and Portugal joined its ranks.
D)Denmark sought special status as a founding member.
E)the EC began to exert its power to dwarf nonmember countries.

Question 23

All of these statements about Margaret Thatcher are true EXCEPT

A)she was the first female British prime minister.
B)she pledged to increase social welfare programs.
C)she was nicknamed the "Iron Lady."
D)she broke the power of labor unions in England.
E)she implemented economic programs that aided parts of England while others suffered.

Question 24

What was true about the outcome of the Vietnam War?

A)It was resolved in 1975 with the Helsinki Agreements.
B)It ended in 1973 with the defeat of North Korea.
C)It showed the limitations of American power, and led to improved Soviet-American relations.
D)It marked the beginning of the total domination of Southeast Asia by the Soviet Union.
E)It led to an immediate end of the Cold War in 1975 with the final withdrawal of Americans from Vietnam.

Question 25

In his ____, Richard Nixon tried to recruit formerly Democratic southern voters to the Republican party by focusing on law and order and racial issues.

A)sunbelt strategy
B)beltway strategy
C)white collar strategy
D)southern strategy
E)rainbow coalition strategy

Question 26

What is true of the "Prague Spring" in Czechoslovakia?

A)It permanently ended communism.
B)It successfully established a long-lasting democratic government.
C)It was shortly brought to an end by the Red Army.
D)It received support and sympathy from East Germany and Romania.
E)It had the support of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 27

Which American president journeyed to the People's Republic of China in 1972?

A)Lyndon Johnson
B)Jimmy Carter
C)John Kennedy
D)Gerald Ford
E)Richard Nixon

Question 28

What was a provision of the Brezhnev Doctrine?

A)The Soviet Union promised to clean up its international reputation.
B)The Soviets attempted to roll back capitalism everywhere.
C)More political freedoms were granted at home.
D)The Eastern bloc countries were set free from Moscow's control.
E)The Soviets declared the right of intervention if a socialist state was threatened.

Question 29

Who was the West German chancellor whose policy of Ostpolitik improved relations with East Germany?

A)Willy Brandt
B)Konrad Adenauer
C)Helmut Kohl
D)Helmut Schmidt
E)Walter Ulbricht

Question 30

According to the ____ embraced by President Johnson and his policymakers, if Vietnam fell to the communists, other Asian countries would also fall.

A)Vietnamization policy
B)containment policy
C)troop escalation theory
D)domino theory
E)State Protection Authority Program

Question 31

By 1980, the Soviet Union was characterized by

A)a growing economy boosted by heavy industry.
B)a declining rate of alcoholism.
C)an ailing economy and increasing social problems.
D)an improvement in bureaucratic inefficiency.
E)a popular central government.

Question 32

After his election as first secretary of the Communist party in Czechoslovakia, Alexander Dubcek introduced reforms promoting

A)freedom of speech and the press.
B)free access to Western television shows, music and art.
C)increased secret police activities.
D)bans on travel abroad.
E)censorship of all media.

Question 33

What was the name of the Chinese communist movement in the 1960s and 1970s that aimed to crush "the four olds"?

A)"The Great Leap Forward"
B)"Socialism in One Country"
C)"All Power to the People"
D)"The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution"
E)"The May Fourth Movement"

Question 34

East German leader Erich Honecker is best known for

A)ordering the construction ofthe Berlin Wall in 1961.
B)establishing a virtual dictatorship by using the Stasi or secret police in the 1970s and 1980s.
C)endorsing the political unification of West and East Germany in the late 1980s.
D)leading an unsuccessful independence movement from the Soviet Union in 1953.
E)dismantling the Berlin Wall.

Question 35

In the 1970s, a new, complex economic problem called ____ emerged, combining high inflation with high unemployment.

A)deregulation
B)recession
C)stagflation
D)hyper-stimulation
E)nonflation

Question 36

What was the doctrine that eased Cold War tensions in the 1970s?

A)Containment
B)Détente
C)Mutually assured destruction (MAD)
D)Star Wars
E)The domino theory

Question 37

Mitterrand improved conditions for workers in France by

A)increasing the minimum wage.
B)decreasing costly social benefits.
C)lowering taxes nationwide.
D)nationalizing the steel industry.
E)guaranteeing all workers four weeks of paid vacation.

Question 38

What best describes the Soviet Union under Leonid Brezhnev?

A)It was completely shut off from Western influences.
B)It stressed worker incentives and increased efficiency in industrial production.
C)It saw heavy industry decline with improvement in agriculture.
D)It threatened to go to war against the People's Republic of China.
E)It had reached parity with the U.S.in nuclear arms, and it allowed some access to Western music and art.

Question 39

Which American president slowly withdrew U.S. troops stationed in Vietnam in a bid to end U.S. involvement there?

A)Jimmy Carter
B)Harry Truman
C)John Kennedy
D)Richard Nixon
E)Lyndon Johnson

Question 40

What is true about the Solidarity movement in Poland?

A)It was temporarily crushed by General Lech Walesa in 1981.
B)It failed to gain massive support due to stiff opposition from the conservative Catholic church.
C)It was formed by Wladyslaw Gomulka in 1956.
D)It lacked solidarity and quickly disintegrated and disappeared in 1980.
E)It was outlawed in 1981 and its leaders arrested.

Question 41

Which American president called the Soviet Union an "evil empire?"?

A)Richard Nixon
B)Ronald Reagan
C)George H.W.Bush
D)Bill Clinton
E)George W.Bush

Question 42

Who was the European writer who is credited with formulating the concept of Poststructuralism or deconstruction?

A)Albert Camus
B)Gabriel Garcia Marquez
C)Michel Foucault
D)James Joyce
E)Jacques Derrida

Question 43

Who was an important figure in the development of an early computer and the inventor of the computer language COBOL?

A)J.Robert Oppenheimer
B)Karl Barth
C)Grace Hopper
D)William Gates
E)Ludwig Wittgenstein

Question 44

What best describes the European Green movements?

A)They achieved notable political successes in most European countries.
B)They were unsuccessful in mobilizing public support.
C)They made average people aware of environmental problems and gained a variety of local and national political offices.
D)They were primarily involved with the anti-nuclear movements in Europe.
E)They were more successful in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe.

Question 45

Which philosopher argued that all relationships were marked by power and oppression?

A)Michel Foucault
B)Jacques Derrida
C)Milan Kundera
D)Philip Glass
E)Michael Jackson

Question 46

What did E.F. Schumacher argue in his book, Small Is Beautiful?

A)That globalization made the world feel smaller
B)That small businesses were more capable of innovation than large firms
C)That children are the world's greatest natural resource
D)That the new innovations in science and technology would wreak havoc with the world's ecology and natural resources
E)That preservation was the key to saving the environment

Question 47

Poststructuralists argue that

A)with proper study, the secrets of the universe can be known.
B)there is no fixed truth or universal meaning.
C)universal truths trump individual interpretations.
D)reason and logic are the centerpiece to understanding.
E)everything in the universe relies on balance.

Question 48

What is the main tenet of postmodernism?

A)The belief in an objective, fixed truth
B)The belief in a divine power
C)The rejection of an objective truth
D)The belief in the power of art to change the world
E)The belief in the need for strong central governments

Question 49

What did the 1975 Helsinki Accords accomplish?

A)They established American military dominance in Europe.
B)They accorded the Soviet Union the right to intervene in western European political affairs.
C)They recognized all borders established in Europe since World War II, thereby acknowledging a Soviet sphere of influence in eastern Europe.
D)They provided for the transfer of American nuclear weapons and submarines to Europe.
E)They made Finland a nuclear-free zone.

Question 50

What did the ABM Treaty of 1972, an appropriate symbol of détente between Russia and America, accomplish?

A)It guaranteed massive American financial aid to the Russians.
B)It allowed the Russians to catch up in their production of anti-ballistic missiles with the U.S.
C)It enabled both countries to trade freely in aircraft and missiles.
D)It pledged the two nations to limit their development of anti-ballistic missile systems thus avoiding a new arms race.
E)It resulted in alliance between the Soviets and the United States directed against Communist China and Mao Zedong, with the letters ABM referring to "All But Mao."

Question 51

What was the major trend in classical music since World War II?

A)Neo-classicism
B)Serialism
C)Post-modernism
D)Minimalism
E)Maximalism

Question 52

What is an important fact that both in the war in Vietnam and the war in Afghanistan reveal about the U.S. and Soviet Union?

A)The superpowers could never be at peace.
B)There would always be sphere of influence in the world where the superpowers would be at conflict.
C)The influence of large superpowers was limited against a strong nationalist and guerrilla-type opposition.
D)The nuclear build-up of both countries would keep them in line.
E)There could never be a military conflict between the superpowers.

Question 53

Who was the British mathematician who designed a computer that assisted in breaking the secret German codes during World War II?

A)Vaughn Williams
B)Alan Turing
C)Ian Botham
D)Anthony Powell
E)John Major

Question 54

Which of these modern technologies was actually created during World War II?

A)Latex
B)The computer
C)Chemical fertilizer
D)The microwave
E)The radio

Question 55

The "Reagan Revolution" included all of these new policies EXCEPT

A)reductions in food stamps.
B)cut-backs in spending on school lunch programs.
C)hefty increases in the military budget.
D)expansion of job programs to put people back to work.
E)escalating levels of government spending.

Question 56

The "golden age of rock" refers to

A)the 1980s.
B)the advent of MTV.
C)the 1950s and 1960s.
D)the creative flowering of music from 1967-1973.
E)the end of the disco era.

Question 57

What style of music, most associated with the American composer Philip Glass, combined elements of classical and popular music in repeated tonal forms?

A)Post-Surrealism
B)Neo-Expressionism
C)Minimalism
D)Neo-classicism
E)Post-modernism

Question 58

Who wrote the novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being, an example of postmodern literature?

A)Albert Camus
B)Gabriel Garcia Marquez
C)Milan Kundera
D)Karl Barth
E)James Joyce

Question 59

Postmodern art was known for its

A)eclectic mingling of historic tradition and Modernist innovation.
B)simplicity of design.
C)rejection of performance and installation-based work.
D)focus on object-based artwork.
E)photorealism.

Question 60

What was one of the causes of American stagflation in the 1970s?

A)Dramatic decline in oil prices
B)Dramatic increase in oil prices
C)Cooperation of OPEC
D)Increase in the number of barrels of oil shipped to the United States
E)End of oil production in the Middle East

Question 61

After the construction of the Berlin Wall, East Germany developed the strongest economy among the Soviet Union's Eastern European satellites.

Question 62

The American people increasingly divided over the war in Vietnam after Johnson's troop escalation in 1968.

Question 63

Romania was the only Eastern European state that did not experience repression in its postwar history.

Question 64

The Reagan Revolution extended tax cuts to the rich to stimulate the economy.

Question 65

Britain's Margaret Thatcher used austerity measures to control inflation and her policies did improve the British economy.

Question 66

What technological innovation changed how people experienced music and mass sports?

A)The newspaper
B)The television
C)The radio
D)The iPad
E)The internet

Question 67

Mikhail Gorbachev became the head of the Soviet state immediately following the retirement of Nikita Khrushchev in 1964.

Question 68

Gustáv Husák implemented far-reaching reforms and new freedoms when he came to power in Czechoslovakia in 1968.

Question 69

The most famous creation from scientific research during World War II was the modern computer.

Question 70

In the early 1970s the European Community expanded with Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark becoming member states.

Question 71

The French Socialist president who pursued a policy of nationalization of banks and industry in the 1980s was Francois Mitterrand.