Deck 10: Testing of Donor Blood

Question 1

Which hepatitis virus is transmitted similar to hepatitis A?

A) Hepatitis E virus
B) Hepatitis B virus
C) Hepatitis C virus
D) Hepatitis D virus

Answer 1

A
Hepatitis E is transmitted by the oral-fecal route.

Question 2

The most common transmission of hepatitis B virus is by:

A) contaminated food and water.
B) transfusion.
C) sexual transmission.
D) intravenous drug use.

Answer 2

D
Hepatitis B is most commonly transmitted by intravenous drug use.

Question 3

Which of the following does not transmit hepatitis?

A) Fresh frozen plasma
B) Cryoprecipitated AHF
C) Platelets
D) Plasma protein fraction

Answer 3

D
The preparation of plasma protein fraction, like albumin, destroys viral contaminants.

Question 4

Nucleic acid tests are used to screen for:

A) hepatitis C virus, West Nile virus, and HIV.
B) Chagas disease, malaria, and syphilis.
C) hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV.
D) human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I/human T-cell lymphotropic virus-II, HIV-1/HIV-2, and hepatitis C virus.

Question 5

A positive serological test for syphilis indicates:

A) that antibodies to Treponema pallidum are present.
B) past or present venereal disease infection.
C) the possibility of an infection with Treponema pallidum.
D) that antigens associated with venereal disease are present.

Question 6

What is the true statement regarding West Nile virus testing?

A) Testing for West Nile virus is required only in New York and California.
B) Testing for West Nile virus is necessary only in the warmer months of the year.
C) West Nile virus testing is performed using nucleic acid testing on all donor units.
D) West Nile virus testing is optional.

Question 7

After receiving Heptavax, the marker that demonstrates protection is hepatitis __________ antibody.

A) B surface
B) B core
C) C
D) B envelope

Question 8

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I has which of the following characteristics?

A) It can be transmitted in blood products.
B) It is found in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis.
C) It is found in patients with adult T-cell leukemia.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 9

Cytomegalovirus-positive blood is dangerous for which of the following types of patients?

A) Premature infants
B) HIV-positive patients
C) Bone marrow recipients
D) Unborn infants of pregnant women who are seronegative
E) All of the above

Question 10

What is the advantage of testing donor blood using nucleic acid test methods?

A) Detection of small amounts of the virus
B) Reduction of costs involved in testing
C) Quicker and easier to perform than other methods
D) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is the most common transfusion-transmitted disease?

A) AIDS
B) Syphilis
C) Cytomegalovirus
D) Hepatitis

Question 12

Transfusion-associated hepatitis can be caused by hepatitis __________ virus.

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following products is tested for bacterial contamination following storage?

A) Cryoprecipitated AHF
B) Red blood cells, frozen
C) Platelets
D) Fresh frozen plasma

Question 14

A thorough donor history is the only way to prevent:

A) syphilis.
B) human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I.
C) cytomegalovirus.
D) malaria.

Question 15

If a donor is found to be positive for hepatitis C virus by nucleic acid testing, the process of "look-back" is initiated to:

A) quarantine units in the blood center that may exist from prior donations from the inventory.
B) notify recipients who may have previously received blood from this donor.
C) locate and quarantine units that have been sent to transfusion facilities from this donor in the past.
D) all of the above.

Question 16

Persons who have had injections of human growth hormone are indefinitely deferred as blood donors. This is because of possible transmission of:

A) Trypanosomiasis cruzi.
B) Babesia microti.
C) Borrelia burgdorferi.
D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Question 17

Chagas disease is caused by:

A) Treponema pallidum.
B) Trypanosoma cruzi.
C) cytomegalovirus.
D) Plasmodium vivax.

Question 18

Hepatitis A virus transmission in blood is unusual because:

A) hepatitis A virus is usually transmitted by the enteric route.
B) hepatitis A virus is usually an acute hepatitis.
C) infectivity after a hepatitis A virus infection is usually only 2 weeks.
D) all of the above.

Question 19

When is the Western Blot test used in donor testing?

A) To confirm antibody-positive hepatitis C virus tests
B) To confirm positive serological test for syphilis
C) To confirm positive HIV antibody test results
D) To screen for human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I/human T-cell lymphotropic virus-II in blood donors

Question 20

A hepatitis B virus carrier is defined as a:

A) hepatitis B surface antigen-positive person who has liver disease as a result of a previous hepatitis exposure.
B) person who can transmit hepatitis B virus but may not be outwardly affected by it.
C) hepatitis B surface antibody-positive person, negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
D) hepatitis B core antibody-positive person, negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.

Question 21

If clinically significant red cell antibodies are found in donor units:

A) platelet and fresh frozen plasma cannot be transfused.
B) red blood cells can be used if the antibody interpretation is indicated on the label.
C) the unit must be discarded and the donor permanently deferred.
D) red blood cells must be washed before transfusion.

Question 22

Cytomegalovirus infection from blood units can be avoided by:

A) leukoreduction.
B) washing.
C) freezing and thawing.
D) nucleic acid testing.

Question 23

The most sensitive test for HIV is:

A) enzyme-linked assays.
B) chemiluminescence.
C) Western blot.
D) nucleic acid.

Question 24

Some donor centers have implemented the practice of diverting the first few milliliters of blood collected into a pouch attached to the collection bag. The purpose of this procedure is to:

A) reduce leukocyte contamination.
B) prepare pedipacks for neonates.
C) avoid bacterial contamination.
D) collect blood for viral testing.

Question 25

When are surrogate marker tests useful?

A) When the required test is too expensive
B) When direct testing is not yet available
C) If the required test detects too many false-positive results
D) When the internal controls are not valid