Deck 20: The West in an Age of Religious Conflict and Global Expansion, 1500-1650

Question 1

What was the most common failing of the Renaissance popes?

A) lack of education
B) being too worldly
C) excessive seclusion
D) living outside of Italy

Answer 1

being too worldly

Question 2

Which religious reformers rejected the practice of infant baptism?

A) Lollards
B) Lutherans
C) Presbyterians
D) Anabaptists

Answer 2

Anabaptists

Question 3

How did the Catholic Church respond to the criticisms of John Hus?

A) He was elected pope.
B) He was ignored as too insignificant to worry about.
C) He was burned at the stake as a heretic.
D) He was invited to explain his ideas at a council and allowed to go home without punishment.

Answer 3

He was ignored as too insignificant to worry about.

Question 4

Selling church offices and benefits is the called

A) penance
B) simony
C) purgatory
D) pluralism

Question 5

Which reformer rejected the belief that Christ is present in communion bread and wine?

A) John Calvin
B) Martin Luther
C) Huldrych Zwingli
D) Henry VIII

Question 6

According to Lutheran theology

A) Communion and Baptism are the only True sacraments.
B) Priests must remain celibate.
C) Indulgences can release those in purgatory.
D) Common people cannot read and interpret the Bible for themselves.

Question 7

Why did the arrival of John Tetzel lead Martin Luther to publish the Ninety-Five Theses?

A) Tetzel supported Luther's criticism of the Church.
B) Tetzel was selling indulgences.
C) Tetzel carried orders to arrest Luther.
D) Tetzel was a notorious pluralist.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the 95 Theses is NOT True?

A) It was a document written by John Calvin.
B) It challenged the Church's power to forgive sins.
C) It challenged the Church's power to grant indulgences.
D) Legend indicates that it was posted to the church door in Wittenberg.

Question 9

Which country became Protestant because the king wanted to divorce his wife?

A) Switzerland
B) Germany
C) France
D) England

Question 10

The Lollards were followers of

A) the pope.
B) Martin Luther.
C) John Calvin.
D) John Wyclif.

Question 11

Henry VIII believed his first marriage was cursed because he married

A) his cousin.
B) his sister.
C) his brother's wife.
D) a non-virgin.

Question 12

Which man pledged to use "all my possessions, my friends, my body, my blood, my life, and my soul" to defend Catholicism?

A) Charles V
B) Henry VIII
C) Pope Urban II
D) Ignatius of Loyola

Question 13

Why did the pope proclaim Henry VIII "Defender of the Faith"?

A) He helped to prosecute Martin Luther.
B) He wrote in support of the seven sacraments.
C) He spent much of his life in a monastery.
D) He was ordained as a priest.

Question 14

Which pope used Church money for his illegitimate children, including a daughter with whom he had been accused of having sexual relations?

A) Pope Sixtus IV
B) Pope Alexander VI
C) Pope Paul III
D) Pope Pius II

Question 15

The most important Catholic sacraments were baptism, the Eucharist and

A) penance.
B) last rites.
C) matrimony.
D) ordination.

Question 16

Where was Martin Luther when he made his famous reply to Emperor Charles V?

A) Wittenberg
B) Rome
C) Worms
D) Geneva

Question 17

According to Catholic doctrine, a person who died before atoning for all of his sins was sent to

A) hell.
B) purgatory.
C) heaven.
D) paradise.

Question 18

Which of these strongly opposed the divorce of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon?

A) Thomas Cranmer
B) Anne Boleyn
C) Charles V
D) Archduke Maximilian

Question 19

Which of the following best states Luther's basic doctrine?

A) All sinners can achieve salvation through participation in the sacraments of Baptism and Eucharist.
B) Faith and good works are necessary for salvation.
C) Salvation is achieved through faith alone.
D) God chooses the elect regardless of what they do.

Question 20

Which of these explains the popularity among nobles of Luther's Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation?

A) It called for German nobles to seize Church property.
B) It called for adherence to the Catholic Church.
C) It justified the Peasants' Revolt.
D) It asserted that those of high birth are more likely to be saved.

Question 21

Which of these was True of Henry VIII's break with Rome?

A) Henry was a follower of Martin Luther.
B) The break was primarily on theological grounds.
C) The break was mainly for political reasons.
D) Parliament refused to support Henry.

Question 22

Calvinists in England were known as

A) Huguenots.
B) Presbyterians.
C) Puritans.
D) Anglicans.

Question 23

Which French Protestant converted to Catholicism to become the king of France, stating that "Paris is worth a Mass"?

A) Henri IV
B) Philip III
C) Louis XIV
D) Louis XVI

Question 24

The Council of Trent can be said to have been which of these?

A) radically reformist
B) ready to compromise with Protestantism
C) divisive
D) conservative in theology but reformist in practices

Question 25

Calvinists in Scotland were known as

A) Huguenots.
B) Presbyterians.
C) Puritans.
D) Anglicans.

Question 26

What is the significance of the Edict of Nantes?

A) It made Catholicism the official religion of France.
B) It granted freedom of worship and civil rights to French Protestants.
C) It ended the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman Empire.
D) It made Catholicism the official religion of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 27

Which city became the center of the Calvinist faith?

A) Worms
B) Wittenberg
C) Rome
D) Geneva

Question 28

Which of these was the religious approach taken by Elizabeth I?

A) strict Puritanism
B) Catholic ritual blended with Protestant theology
C) harsh persecution of radical Catholics and Protestants alike
D) restoration of full Catholicism

Question 29

If the pope had annulled Henry's first marriage, he would have basically acknowledged that

A) the Bible's command to avoid divorce was wrong.
B) the previous pope had made a mistake.
C) Catherine of Aragon was unable to produce an heir.
D) adultery was allowed under special circumstances.

Question 30

Which Protestant reformer taught the concept of predestination?

A) John Wyclif
B) Martin Luther
C) John Calvin
D) Huldrych Zwingli

Question 31

The "Defenestration of Prague" was an incident in which

A) John Hus was publically burned at the stake.
B) two Catholics were thrown out of a window.
C) a group of Protestants were drowned.
D) Catholics attending a wedding were murdered.

Question 32

Which of the following best describes the Jesuits?

A) They were priests who withdrew from secular society to live a life of celibacy, poverty, and piety.
B) They were papal missionaries who preached, educated, and served as political advisers.
C) They were Protestant missionaries who worked tirelessly to promote Lutheran ideology in central Europe.
D) They were Catholic priests who worked to restore Roman Catholicism in Europe without getting involved in political affairs.

Question 33

Which of these changes took place in the English Church under Edward VI?

A) It became more Protestant.
B) It split with Rome.
C) It returned to obedience to Rome.
D) The monasteries were reopened.

Question 34

Calvinists in France were known as

A) Huguenots.
B) Presbyterians.
C) Puritans.
D) Anglicans.

Question 35

By the middle of the sixteenth century, what was the most powerful European country?

A) England
B) France
C) Germany
D) Spain

Question 36

Which of these gained independence from Spain in the 1570s?

A) the Netherlands
B) England
C) France
D) Germany

Question 37

Which man spread Calvinist doctrine to Scotland?

A) John Wyclif
B) Huldrych Zwingli
C) Thomas Cranmer
D) John Knox

Question 38

The Council of Trent affirmed all of the following practices EXCEPT

A) priestly celibacy.
B) salvation by faith plus works.
C) selling of indulgences.
D) the Latin mass.

Question 39

Which pope began the era of Church reform and revitalization known as the Catholic Reformation?

A) Sixtus IV
B) Innocent II
C) Alexander VI
D) Paul III

Question 40

Which of the following monarchs was Protestant?

A) Queen Mary of England
B) Catherine de Medicis
C) King Philip II of Spain
D) Queen Elizabeth of England

Question 41

Policies created by governments to create a favorable balance of trade in which exports exceeded imports are collectively known as

A) socialism.
B) capitalism.
C) communism.
D) mercantilism.

Question 42

Henry VIII was called the "Defender of the Faith" for his defense of Protestantism.

Question 43

What was the bourgeoisie?

A) the nobility
B) the lower class
C) the middle classes
D) the upper class

Question 44

What was the eventual result of the Thirty Years War and the Peace of Westphalia?

A) The Holy Roman Empire was officially a Catholic nation.
B) The Holy Roman Empire was officially a Protestant nation.
C) The unity in the Holy Roman Empire was lost as each state could decide religious affairs for itself.
D) The Holy Roman Empire split into two nations, one Protestant and one Catholic.

Question 45

Why was Catholicism more successful than Protestantism in spreading around the world?

A) The influence of the Spanish and Portuguese empires.
B) The lack of competition from monotheistic religions.
C) The lack of the missionary impulse among Protestants.
D) Muslims preferred to convert to Catholicism over Protestantism.

Question 46

The Spanish Inquisition tortured and killed Protestants who refused to convert.

Question 47

Which of these is True of religion in the 1600s and 1700s?

A) Many fewer Europeans were religious.
B) Christianity was increasingly under siege.
C) The Churches became less important in daily life.
D) Atheism and agnosticism proliferated.

Question 48

After the sixteenth century, what type of family structure became the norm?

A) the single parent family
B) the extended family
C) the blended family
D) the nuclear family

Question 49

Martin Luther was convinced that faith in Christ was the only requirement for salvation.

Question 50

What was the goal of Francis Xavier?

A) to destroy Protestantism in Europe
B) to destroy Catholicism in Europe
C) to facilitate peace between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire
D) to convert Asians to Catholicism

Question 51

What was "great pox"?

A) chicken pox
B) smallpox
C) measles
D) syphilis

Question 52

The economic system based on competition among private enterprises is called

A) socialism.
B) capitalism.
C) communalism.
D) mercantilism.

Question 53

John Calvin believed that every man had to choose between good and evil with the free will given to him by God.

Question 54

The modern country of Belgium was once part of the Spanish Netherlands.

Question 55

Which women were usually targeted in the witch hunts?

A) young, red haired women
B) old, poor women
C) women with large families
D) promiscuous women

Question 56

How did commerce and the cottage industry alter the traditional family norms in Europe?

A) People became impoverished due to restrictive tariffs, so young married couples remained with their parents.
B) People made more money, allowing most married couples to maintain their own household.
C) The cottage industry encouraged women to work, which allowed women to divorce and remain financially stable.
D) Couples began having more children, making the family larger.

Question 57

Which of these was True of gender roles in the 1600s and1700s?

A) Medieval patriarchy was disappearing.
B) Catholic women became less subservient to men
C) Protestant women had more control over their marriages, including divorce.
D) Women were educated at the same rate as men.

Question 58

Charter companies are trading companies

A) that patent a particular product.
B) protected by a government monopoly.
C) promoting free trade.
D) were owned by wealthy noblemen.

Question 59

Following mercantilist policies, which of these were necessarily supported by governments?

A) promoting free trade
B) promoting exports and limiting imports
C) limiting domestic industry
D) restricting activities of merchant capitalists

Question 60

What development led to the emergence of the bourgeoisie?

A) expansion of trade
B) an agricultural boom
C) the rise of industry
D) colonization

Question 61

The defeat of the Spanish Armada ended fighting between England and Spain.

Question 62

Discuss the Thirty Years War and the Peace of Westphalia.

Question 63

Which man converted thousands of Japanese to Catholicism?

Question 64

What English monarch tried to pacify Catholics and Protestants by creating a church with elements of both?

Question 65

According to John Calvin, who are the "elect"?

Question 66

Who was the heir to the throne when Henry VIII died?

Question 67

Explain the practice of merchant capitalism.

Question 68

Discuss the infamous witchcraft trials of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Question 69

Philip II became angry with Elizabeth because of her support of the Dutch, her refusal to marry him, and her execution of Mary Stuart.

Question 70

Discuss the years of religious warfare in France.

Question 71

Which English monarch was married to Philip II?

Question 72

The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years War.

Question 73

What was the subject of "The Hammer of the Wicked"?

Question 74

The city of Geneva became known for its strict religious regulations.

Question 75

What was the practice of pluralism?

Question 76

Who created the Ursuline order, a community of nuns who educated Catholic girls in Europe?

Question 77

Discuss the origins of the Protestant Reformation.

Question 78

Who founded the Jesuits?

Question 79

Anne Boleyn was the only wife who produced a male heir for Henry VIII.

Question 80

What was the practice of simony?