Deck 27: Industry, Ideology, and Their Global Impact, 1700-1914

Question 1

Who financed the "putting out" system?

A) banks
B) factory owners
C) merchant capitalists
D) guild masters

Answer 1

merchant capitalists

Question 2

How did the Zollverein aid German industry?

A) It led to resource sharing.
B) It financed early industries
C) It reduced the cost of doing business.
D) It encouraged information sharing

Answer 2

It reduced the cost of doing business.

Question 3

Which of these aspects of factory work was most disruptive to family life?

A) Factory work split families between the factories and homes.
B) Only women were employed in the early factories.
C) Men were forced to relocate, leaving wives and children in the country.
D) The early factories only employed children.

Answer 3

Factory work split families between the factories and homes.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT a factor in the population surge in Britain?

A) crop rotation
B) vaccinations
C) abolition of slavery
D) improved farming techniques from the Netherlands

Question 5

British food production increased by what factor from 1700 to 1900?

A) two
B) four
C) eight
D) twelve

Question 6

Who are the proletariat?

A) a group of land-owning nobles
B) factory owners
C) farmers and sharecroppers
D) landless workers

Question 7

Where was the Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations held in 1851?

A) Berlin
B) London
C) Manchester
D) Brussels

Question 8

When was the first rail line laid between two English towns?

A) 1785
B) 1805
C) 1825
D) 1845

Question 9

By what date did more than half of England's population live in cities?

A) 1840
B) 1880
C) 1900
D) 1940

Question 10

Which Scottish engineer perfected the steam engine in the late 1700s?

A) Thomas Newcomen
B) John Kay
C) James Watt
D) Eli Whitney

Question 11

The Industrial Revolution began in

A) the United States.
B) France.
C) Britain.
D) Spain.

Question 12

German industry was initially hampered by

A) political fragmentation.
B) unions.
C) lack of tariffs.
D) low education levels.

Question 13

The second country to industrialize was

A) Britain.
B) the United States.
C) France.
D) Belgium.

Question 14

Which invention was created by James Hargreaves?

A) the spinning jenny
B) the flying shuttle
C) the water frame
D) the steam engine

Question 15

Who created the cotton gin?

A) Samuel Crompton
B) John Kay
C) James Hargreaves
D) Eli Whitney

Question 16

Which of these was particularly important in creating a large proletariat in Britain in the 1700s?

A) the American Revolution
B) enclosures
C) the Industrial Revolution
D) the Black Death

Question 17

New machines of the 1700s, such as the spinning jenny and the water frame, required

A) steam power.
B) factories.
C) the putting out system.
D) government intervention.

Question 18

Which invention was the creation of John Kay?

A) the spinning jenny
B) the flying shuttle
C) the water frame
D) the steam engine

Question 19

How did industrialization in Belgium differ from industrialization in Britain?

A) In Belgium, industrial capitalists were more important than in Belgium.
B) The Belgian government was more heavily involved than its British counterpart.
C) Belgium had few relevant natural resources, compared to Britain.
D) The Belgians had no history of banking to tap into for finance.

Question 20

By 1914 the world's industrial leader was clearly

A) Britain.
B) the United States.
C) France.
D) Germany.

Question 21

Economic equality and redistribution of wealth were the two key components in the ideology espoused by the

A) socialists.
B) nationalists.
C) liberals.
D) conservatives.

Question 22

People who sought to maintain traditional institutions and customs were known as

A) socialists.
B) nationalists.
C) liberals.
D) conservatives.

Question 23

Who wrote The Communist Manifesto?

A) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
B) Robert Owen and Karl Marx
C) Friedrich Engels and Robert Owen
D) Karl Marx and Charles Fourier

Question 24

Devotion to the creation of a unified independent state based on a common culture and language is known as

A) socialism.
B) liberalism.
C) conservatism.
D) nationalism.

Question 25

Which of these was describes the French government in the 1840s?

A) reactionary
B) socialist
C) moderately progressive
D) conservative

Question 26

The basic doctrine of The Communist Manifesto was that

A) all history was a class struggle between rich and poor, so the poor should unite and overthrow the rich.
B) all history was a class struggle between rich and poor, so the rich should use any means necessary to maintain control.
C) class distinctions were inevitable, but the poor had a responsibility to accept their plight in order to maintain social stability.
D) the rich had always oppressed the poor, but with proper education and enlightenment, the rich would give up their privileged lifestyles in exchange for True equality.

Question 27

The Marseillaise is an expression of

A) Socialism.
B) Communism.
C) nationalism.
D) Romanticism.

Question 28

The political labels "left" and "right" derived from seating in

A) the Congress of Vienna.
B) the French National Assembly.
C) the British Parliament.
D) Russian Duma.

Question 29

How did Romanticism differ from the ideology of the Enlightenment?

A) Romanticism glorified rationalism while Enlightenment thought focused on passion and heroism.
B) Enlightenment thought focused on rationalism while Romanticism was more emotional and expressive.
C) Romanticism was a religious movement while the Enlightenment was secular in nature.
D) The Enlightenment was a religious movement while Romanticism was secular in nature.

Question 30

In what nation did the first revolution of 1848 take place?

A) Hungary.
B) Germany.
C) France.
D) Russia.

Question 31

Liberals of the 1800s would have supported all EXCEPT which of these?

A) individual rights
B) universal suffrage
C) merit promotion
D) a laissez-faire approach to the economy

Question 32

The values of the bourgeoisie were generally reflected in the ideology of the

A) socialists.
B) nationalists.
C) liberals.
D) conservatives.

Question 33

Robert Owen did all of the following EXCEPT

A) work as a child in a textile mill.
B) create a model factory town in Scotland.
C) focus on competition in his factory.
D) provide his workers with decent housing, schools, and stores.

Question 34

In 1848-49, revolutions occurred in all of these EXCEPT

A) Great Britain.
B) Spain.
C) the Netherlands.
D) the Ottoman Empire.

Question 35

Romanticism and nationalism were related movements in that both appealed to

A) economic considerations.
B) the emotions.
C) the intellect.
D) religious motives.

Question 36

Robert Peel helped advance the practice of free trade in Britain by

A) establishing high tariffs on imports.
B) establishing high tariffs on exports.
C) granting monopolies to favored businesses.
D) repealing the Corn Laws.

Question 37

What was the broad goal of the Chartists?

A) the end of the British monarchy
B) the end of laissez-faire economic policies
C) extension of Magna Carta
D) electoral reform

Question 38

Which of these is an ideal of early liberals that would have been rejected by socialists?

A) laissez-faire governments
B) expansion of voting rights
C) economic competition
D) collective work

Question 39

In 1845 and 1846, Ireland experienced

A) unprecedented population growth.
B) independence.
C) a time of close relations with the British.
D) famine.

Question 40

How did the Corn Laws affect Britain's economy?

A) They allowed people to buy corn at reduced prices, thus helping the economy.
B) They ruined the economy because they relied heavily on imports from other countries.
C) They gave nobles a monopoly on grain, leading to higher food prices which hurt the economy.
D) They gave the British an opportunity to charge high tariffs, which led to improvements in the British economy.

Question 41

Which of these aided the cause of Italian unification?

A) Austria
B) France
C) the papacy
D) Germany

Question 42

Which of these was created in 1871?

A) the Netherlands
B) the German Empire
C) the Dual Monarchy
D) the Russian Empire

Question 43

The Bessemer and Siemens-Martin methods revolutionized

A) fresh food transportation.
B) communications.
C) textile production.
D) steel production.

Question 44

Which of these was achieved by Alexander II?

A) defeat of Britain in the Crimean War
B) emancipation of the serfs
C) continuation of his father's programs
D) the first westernization of Russia

Question 45

In Britain, the Reform Act of 1867

A) allowed working class men to vote.
B) established female suffrage.
C) reduced the work week to five days.
D) abolished slavery.

Question 46

What was the result of the Crimean War?

A) France became the richest nation in Europe.
B) Russia won and became the most powerful nation in Europe.
C) Russia lost and began instituting major changes in their country.
D) Britain experienced a decline after years of prominence.

Question 47

The United States became more Protestant after the great global migrations.

Question 48

In what decade did the British women's suffrage movement turn to violent methods?

A) 1870-1880
B) 1890-1900
C) 1910-1920
D) 1930-1940

Question 49

How did the great migrations of the 1800s alter American societies?

A) South America became more European while the United States became more diverse.
B) South America became more English while the United States became more Spanish.
C) South America experienced a tremendous population surge as Catholics left the United States in record numbers.
D) The Americas experienced population decline as many people returned to Europe to enjoy the fruits of industrialization.

Question 50

Which of these explain the numerous uprisings in Italy, Germany, and the Austrian Empire in 1848-49?

A) the large size of these states
B) strong nationalist feelings
C) proximity to the Ottoman Empire
D) socialist traditions in those regions

Question 51

What was the most enduring legacy of Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi?

A) peace with the Catholic Church
B) the unification of Italy
C) the unification of Prussia
D) the unification of Austria

Question 52

The goal of Otto von Bismarck was

A) domination of the West.
B) creation of a great navy.
C) unification of Germany.
D) unification of Italy.

Question 53

Alfred Nobel developed dynamite, and eventually the Nobel Prizes were named in his honor.

Question 54

A multiplicity of ethnic groups hampered nationalist unity in which of these?

A) Prussia
B) Austria
C) England
D) France

Question 55

The Paris Commune was established by

A) conservatives.
B) moderate liberals.
C) extreme nationalists.
D) radical socialists.

Question 56

In provoking the Franco-Prussian War, Bismarck hoped to use which of these to unite the Germanic peoples?

A) liberalism
B) Romanticism
C) nationalism
D) absolutism

Question 57

Home rule for Ireland was delayed by the outbreak of the Great War.

Question 58

Electric generators were developed in the 1830s by England's Michael Faraday.

Question 59

Which of the following best describes Alexander III?

A) reactionary
B) reform-minded
C) tolerant
D) revolutionary

Question 60

Which of the following best describes "jingoism"?

A) biased journalism
B) unbiased journalism
C) militant nationalism
D) Westernization

Question 61

Who was the tsar who freed the serfs?

Question 62

The spinning jenny was created to allow one worker to spin many threads at one time.

Question 63

Which of the political ideologies of the 1800s focused on loyalty to a cultural-linguistic group?

Question 64

What gave some countries an early lead in industrialization?

Question 65

How did industrialization affect the growth of cities?

Question 66

Who were the Luddites?

Question 67

Discuss the effects of industrialization on Europe's labor force.

Question 68

What nationalist song was banned by Napoleon

Question 69

Alexander III was known as the "Gendarme of Europe."

Question 70

The Second French Republic was a product of the 1848 revolutions.

Question 71

How did industrialization lead to imperialism?

Question 72

Evaluate the plight of women in newly industrialized countries.

Question 73

How did Asian and European immigration to the United States compare in the 1800s?

Question 74

Who was the main architect of German unification?

Question 75

What were the Corn Laws?

Question 76

Charles Fourier and Robert Owen formed model communities on socialist principles.

Question 77

Unlike utopian socialism, communists advocated peaceful reform of the existing order.

Question 78

The plight of the peasants in Russia was greatly improved in the years following the emancipation of the serfs.

Question 79

Discuss the transformation of society brought about by industrialization.

Question 80

Why did Alexander III institute harsh, repressive measures?