Deck 28: Nation Building in the Americas, 1789-1914

Question 1

Napoleon's conquest of the Iberian Peninsula led to

A) Latin American revolutions.
B) Spain's sale of Cuba.
C) Spain's sale of Mexico.
D) French acquisition of Spanish colonies.

Answer 1

Latin American revolutions.

Question 2

What was the status of the Spanish colonies around 1788?

A) Most peninsulares were on the verge of revolt.
B) Changes in Spain had appeased most calls for liberal reforms.
C) Most criollos were preparing for revolt.
D) Revolts against Spanish rule had occurred in several cities.

Answer 2

Changes in Spain had appeased most calls for liberal reforms.

Question 3

Which of these best describes the 1810 uprisings?

A) A single revolution was coordinated by Simón Bolívar.
B) They were coordinated by a president.
C) Several regional revolutions occurred.
D) Separate revolutions converged into one massive uprising.

Answer 3

Several regional revolutions occurred.

Question 4

Why did the revolt led by Miguel Hidalgo fail?

A) It proved too liberal for most.
B) It was too conservative.
C) Its first efforts shocked most in New Spain.
D) Its had little support from whites and the wealthy.

Question 5

Spaniards born in the Spain were called

A) criollos.
B) peninsulares.
C) mestizos.
D) españas.

Question 6

How was the creation of Latin American juntas a response to Napoleon's conquest of Spain?

A) The former Spanish king instructed the colonies to unite under a centralized government to help provide support for Spanish resistance
B) The United States saw an opportunity to increase its imperialistic sway over the Latin America, so they offered assistance to any country who formally withdrew support for the peninsulares.
C) The United States set up a partnership with the former king of Spain in which the juntas would be appointed as local leaders of the resistance movement.
D) The revolutions were in the name of their imprisoned king.

Question 7

Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to Bolívar?

A) well-educated
B) a military genius
C) persistent
D) peninsulare

Question 8

José de San Martín believed that the key to Spanish domination of South America was the viceroyalty of

A) Rio de la Plata.
B) New Granada.
C) New Spain.
D) Peru.

Question 9

Agustín de Iturbide promised that

A) Mexico would remain a Catholic monarchy.
B) Mexico would grant religious freedom to Protestants.
C) peninsulares would remain in charge.
D) Amerinds would be protected under his government.

Question 10

The gift from the Marquis de Lafayette to George Washington symbolized

A) friendship between France and the United States
B) the impact of the American Revolution on the French Revolution
C) the large debts the French owed to the United States
D) the debt owed by the United States to France for help in the Revolutionary War

Question 11

Simón Bolívar cited as his inspiration the

A) Declaration of Independence.
B) U.S. Constitution.
C) French Constitution.
D) Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

Question 12

Which of these did NOT apply to the revolutions that began in 1810?

A) They were spurred by hatred of Carlos IV.
B) They were inspired by conservative motives.
C) Criollos drove most of the revolts.
D) They were opportunistic, taking advantage of political change in Spain.

Question 13

What gift was given to George Washington by the Marquis de Lafayette?

A) the Statue of Liberty
B) a pair of dueling pistols
C) a key to the Bastille
D) a leather lined portfolio

Question 14

Spaniards born in the Americas were called

A) criollos.
B) peninsulares.
C) mestizos.
D) españas.

Question 15

Which of these best describe the Mexican revolt of 1820?

A) It was led by peninsulares against the Catholic Church.
B) It was a liberal uprising against criollo domination.
C) It was a conservative revolt dominated by criollos.
D) It was primarily inspired by Spain's increasingly harsh rule.

Question 16

Simón Bolívar directed the revolution in modern

A) Brazil.
B) Venezuela.
C) Argentina.
D) Chile.

Question 17

Which of these political changes occurred in Brazil in 1807?

A) A revolt replaced Portuguese rule with a Brazilian president.
B) The Portuguese ruler moved his court to Rio de Janeiro.
C) The Portuguese rulers put down a revolt and installed a junta.
D) A revolt was harshly put down and military rule was instituted.

Question 18

Who was the leader of the large Amerind revolt of the 1780s?

A) Simón Bolívar
B) Tupac Amaru II
C) Benito Juárez
D) Francisco Madero

Question 19

Madrid's most valuable possession in the Americas was

A) Peru.
B) Colombia.
C) Mexico.
D) Cuba.

Question 20

What were the juntas?

A) rebel groups supporting Napoleon
B) pan-American congresses organized to put down the revolutions
C) provisional governments ruling in the name of Carlos IV
D) meetings of loyalists intending to free Carlos IV

Question 21

Which of the following is a correct statement about López de Santa Anna?

A) He was a proponent of democracy.
B) He believed in moving Mexico away from authoritarianism.
C) He was unscrupulous and powerful.
D) He created a balanced government in Mexico.

Question 22

The earliest independent Mexican governments were ruled by

A) liberal military leaders.
B) conservative caudillos.
C) conservative-liberal coalitions.
D) the liberal middle class.

Question 23

Argentina's export economy initially centered on

A) wheat.
B) sheep.
C) oats.
D) beef.

Question 24

By 1825,

A) most of Latin America was independent.
B) all of Latin America was independent.
C) only Mexico was independent.
D) Mexico was still part of Spain.

Question 25

Porfirio Diaz's government did all of the following EXCEPT

A) develop water and sewer systems.
B) encourage foreign investment.
C) create a ruthless government police force called the "rural guards."
D) raise the literacy rate among rural laborers.

Question 26

Which of these best describe Benito Juárez's early government?

A) conservative and repressive
B) liberal and reformist
C) reactionary and dictatorial
D) socialist and democratic

Question 27

Juan Manuel de Rosas

A) was a porteño who gained control of the Argentine government.
B) was a well-educated and benevolent ruler.
C) worked to create a balanced government in Argentina.
D) was overthrown in 1852.

Question 28

Which of these helped to transform Argentina's export economy?

A) industrialization
B) refrigerated ships
C) a shift to sheep-ranching
D) immigration

Question 29

The basis of Chile's economy was

A) farming.
B) mining.
C) commerce.
D) cotton.

Question 30

Juarez did all of the following EXCEPT

A) fight a three-year civil war against conservatives.
B) issue the Reform Laws.
C) honor the debts owed by his former opponents to foreign banks.
D) set up his government in Veracruz so that he could control shipping in and out of Mexico.

Question 31

Who declared Brazilian independence from Portugal?

A) the Viceroy Henry
B) Napoleon Bonaparte
C) Simón Bolívar
D) Prince Regent Pedro

Question 32

Bernardino Rivadavia did all of the following EXCEPT

A) encourage immigration.
B) centralize the Argentine government.
C) set up a parliament.
D) demand Catholic conformity.

Question 33

Who were the porteños?

A) cowboys who lived in Chile
B) cowboys who lived in Argentina
C) residents of Buenos Aires
D) residents of Santiago

Question 34

Which of these represented Argentina's social divisions?

A) criollos and porteños
B) gauchos and porteños
C) porteños and peninsulares
D) gauchos and criollos

Question 35

Which of these was behind the War of the Pacific?

A) competition over nitrate fields
B) ideological conflicts
C) racial conflicts
D) competition for export markets

Question 36

Juan Manuel de Rosas differed from Rivadavia in which important way?

A) He supported liberal reform.
B) He ruled autocratically and violently.
C) He was a typical porteño rather than a gaucho.
D) He was heavily influenced by the Enlightenment.

Question 37

Francisco Madero believed that all of Mexico's problems could be cured by

A) war.
B) democracy.
C) monarchy.
D) education.

Question 38

Which of these best explains the absence of caudillos in Chilean politics?

A) the mining economy
B) a secure foundation of institutions
C) loyalty to Diego Portales and his successors
D) the domination of peninsulares

Question 39

La Reforma was

A) the revolutionary movement that overthrew Santa Anna.
B) the reform movement that set up a progressive government in Peru.
C) Bolívar's reform movement in Argentina.
D) Bolívar's independence movement in Latin America.

Question 40

Which two nations dominated the "Southern Cone"?

A) Peru and Chile
B) Peru and Argentina
C) Argentina and Chile
D) Colombia and Peru

Question 41

Which of these resulted from the Civil War?

A) a strong assertion of states' rights
B) greater sectional divisions
C) a stronger federal government
D) industrialization of the northern states

Question 42

The British sent Lord Durham to North America because

A) an unprecedented number of British had moved to North America.
B) an alarming number of Catholics were threatening rebellion.
C) there was a conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Canada.
D) the British government wanted to give Canada greater local self-government.

Question 43

The last Latin American nation to permit slavery was

A) Chile.
B) Brazil.
C) Mexico.
D) Peru.

Question 44

Which of these spurred writing of the Canadian constitution in 1864?

A) the British North America Act
B) the American Civil War
C) a change in dynasty in Britain
D) the discovery of gold in Alaska

Question 45

What sparked the Brazilian revolt against the monarchy?

A) the death of Pedro II
B) emancipation of Brazil's slaves
C) the oppressive rule of Princess Isabel
D) the persistence of slavery

Question 46

Québec was the colony of

A) French Catholics.
B) French Protestants.
C) English Catholics.
D) English Protestants.

Question 47

Which of these define nativism?

A) anti-Indian sentiment
B) hostility towards immigrants
C) opposition to slavery
D) support for native-born presidents

Question 48

How did the Louisiana Purchase impact the United States?

A) The new lands gave the United States Florida.
B) The acquisition doubled the size of the country.
C) It gave the Great Lakes region to the United States.
D) It blocked the United States' access to the Gulf of Mexico.

Question 49

Under the Articles of Confederation, most power was held by

A) the national legislature.
B) the president.
C) state governments.
D) an executive council.

Question 50

Emperor Maximilian of Mexico was a puppet of Great Britain.

Question 51

The Porfiriato was a period of political liberalization and economic stagnation in Mexico.

Question 52

What percentage of southerners owned at least one slave?

A) 25 percent
B) 45 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 85 percent

Question 53

Which of these emerged dominant after Chile's Revolution of 1891?

A) Manuel Balmaceda
B) Chile's congress
C) the gauchos
D) the Amerinds

Question 54

MacDonald did all of the following EXCEPT

A) expand Canada.
B) buy the Northwest Territories from the British Hudson Bay Company.
C) incorporate French-Canadians into the dominion.
D) link all of the territories into a unified nation.

Question 55

Porfirio Díaz attracted massive foreign investment from western nations.

Question 56

The government created under the Articles of Confederation was too weak to deal with the nation's problems or enforce its laws.

Question 57

Abraham Lincoln campaigned on a platform of

A) abolition of slavery.
B) opposing expansion of slavery in new territories.
C) going to war against the southern states.
D) industrialization in the south.

Question 58

The basis of Argentina's economy was mining.

Question 59

Brazil differed from other Latin American nations in being ruled by a(n)

A) caudillo
B) legislature
C) Amerind
D) emperor

Question 60

Which of the following ideologies influenced Polk's presidency?

A) manifest destiny
B) socialism
C) multiculturalism
D) isolationism

Question 61

How did the Enlightenment influence the revolutions in Latin America?

Question 62

Which man lost half of his country in the Mexican-American War?

Question 63

Santa Anna was Mexico's leader when the country lost half of its territory to the United States.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation with the United States Constitution.

Question 65

What were the cowboys and ranchers who dominated the agrarian economy of Argentina called?

Question 66

Brazil adopted a three-branch system of government.

Question 67

What other "indispensable leader" did Bolívar most resemble?

Question 68

Which man dominated Chilean politics in the 1830s?

Question 69

Which man declared Brazil's independence from Portugal?

Question 70

Evaluate the gains made by blacks during Reconstruction.

Question 71

What was the subject of Lord Durham's Report on the Affairs of British North America?

Question 72

Evaluate the role of slavery in the American Civil War.

Question 73

Who held most of the key positions in Spanish America prior to the revolutions?

Question 74

Jim Crow laws ended with the Union's victory in the Civil War.

Question 75

Lincoln won the presidency on a platform of limiting expansion of slavery.

Question 76

What was the name of the revolutionary movement that overthrew Santa Anna's dictatorship?

Question 77

Discuss America's transformation from a weak central government to an industrial leader with a strong central government.

Question 78

What nation created s the unique poder moderador or moderative power?

Question 79

The most institutionally stable of all Latin American republics was Chile.

Question 80

During which years was the United States embroiled in a bitter civil war?