Deck 34: East Versus West: Cold War and Its Global Impact, 1945-Present

Question 1

In supporting regimes around the world, what was the main consideration for the U.S.?

A) strong democratic traditions
B) stable representative institutions
C) policies consistent with American civil liberties
D) opposing Communism

Answer 1

opposing Communism

Question 2

The Cold War was an ideological conflict between Communism and

A) democracy.
B) capitalism.
C) socialism.
D) collectivism.

Answer 2

capitalism.

Question 3

Why did Stalin get so much of what he wanted at the Yalta conference?

A) Churchill and FDR wanted Soviet help against Japan.
B) Britain and the U.S. had new, inexperienced leaders.
C) The conference was held in the Soviet Union.
D) The war in Europe was over.

Answer 3

Churchill and FDR wanted Soviet help against Japan.

Question 4

Which American policy maker applied the phrase "containment" to foreign policy?

A) George F. Kennan
B) Dwight Eisenhower
C) Harry Truman
D) George Marshall

Question 5

Which of these was NOT a major reason for American dominance of the Potsdam conference?

A) Harry Truman was more hostile to the Soviet Union than Franklin Roosevelt had been.
B) The Soviet premier was in ill health and likely to be replaced soon.
C) The new British prime minister was less forceful than Winston Churchill had been.
D) The U.S. had successfully tested the atom bomb.

Question 6

In addition to the United States, which North American country was a charter member of NATO?

A) Mexico
B) Canada
C) Cuba
D) Brazil

Question 7

What was the unanticipated consequence of the policy of massive retaliation?

A) The defense industry was incapable of supplying the necessary weapons.
B) The Soviets matched the U.S. weaponry.
C) Eisenhower lost the election of 1956.
D) Japan entered the arms race.

Question 8

Which of these was NOT aligned with either the Warsaw Pact or NATO in the twentieth century?

A) Poland
B) Ireland
C) Italy
D) Denmark

Question 9

Which man popularized the term "iron curtain"?

A) Joseph Stalin
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Winston Churchill
D) Harry Truman

Question 10

Which of these processes did both capitalist and Communist powers hope to use to spread their ideologies?

A) collectivization
B) colonization
C) industrialization
D) decolonization

Question 11

Who was Patrice Lumumba and why did the United States oppose him?

A) He was the leader of Egypt, and he was sympathetic to Khrushchev.
B) He was the president of the Congo, and he was supported by the USSR.
C) He was the leader of Czechoslovakia, and he was communist.
D) He was the leader of the EU, and he wanted to allow membership to communist nations.

Question 12

Which American president wanted to reduce U.S. defense costs by adopting a policy of massive retaliation?

A) John F. Kennedy
B) Dwight Eisenhower
C) Harry Truman
D) Richard Nixon

Question 13

Truman's demeanor became increasingly assertive at Potsdam because

A) he was angry at Stalin's insistence that Eastern European nations adopt communism.
B) he received a secret Japanese offer to surrender.
C) he had been informed that the atomic bomb had been successfully tested.
D) Stalin refused to join American efforts to defeat Japan.

Question 14

What did the Truman Doctrine seek to "contain"?

A) German aggression
B) spreading Communism
C) Japanese imperialism
D) British and French socialism

Question 15

The Soviet Union's economic response to the Marshall Plan was the

A) Warsaw Pact.
B) Comecon.
C) European Union.
D) five-year plan.

Question 16

Who emerged as the Soviet leader following the death of Stalin?

A) Lavrenti Beria
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Nikita Khrushchev
D) Georgi Zhkov

Question 17

What nation was created out of the partition of India?

A) Afghanistan
B) Pakistan
C) Burma
D) Iraq

Question 18

Which of these events was a result of the Soviet opposition to the Marshall Plan?

A) the Potsdam Conference
B) the Berlin Airlift
C) the reunification of Germany
D) Khrushchev replacing Stalin

Question 19

What was the United States' pledge to intervene to protect any country threatened by armed minorities or outside pressure called?

A) Truman Doctrine
B) NATO
C) Marshall Plan
D) Kennan Program

Question 20

Which of these controlled most of West Africa in 1950?

A) Britain
B) Germany
C) France
D) the Soviet Union

Question 21

The purpose of the Common Market was to allow Western European countries to

A) contain Communism.
B) crush anticommunist rebellions.
C) counter the effects of the Marshall Plan.
D) compete on a global level.

Question 22

The suppression of Poland's Solidarity movement was an assertion of

A) the Warsaw Pact.
B) the Brezhnev Doctrine.
C) Brezhnev's commitment to the Stalinist era.
D) glasnost.

Question 23

Which of these was an original member of the Common Market?

A) Spain
B) France
C) Portugal
D) Greece

Question 24

American president John F. Kennedy made a famous speech in which he declared that, "Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect. But...."

A) "it is better than communism."
B) "give me liberty or give me death."
C) "I'd rather die in a shack as a free man than in a castle as a communist."
D) "we have never had to put up a wall to keep our people in."

Question 25

In the Soviet Union, which of these compared favorably with conditions in the U.S.?

A) products available to consumers
B) civil liberties
C) opportunities for women
D) economic opportunity for entrepreneurs

Question 26

Under de Gaulle, France withdrew from

A) the United Nations
B) the Warsaw Pact
C) NATO's joint command
D) the Marshall Plan

Question 27

The baby boom generation refers to babies born in massive numbers after the end of

A) World War II
B) the Korean War.
C) the Vietnam War.
D) the Cold War.

Question 28

The Brezhnev Doctrine held that the Soviet Union

A) could not afford to relax its grip on Warsaw Pact countries.
B) had the right to intervene in other Communist countries.
C) had the moral right to spread Communism around the globe.
D) was the rightful leader of Europe.

Question 29

Which two leaders squared off in the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A) Eisenhower and Khrushchev
B) Eisenhower and Brezhnev
C) Kennedy and Khrushchev
D) Kennedy and Brezhnev

Question 30

In the 1950s and 1960s, Europe was

A) recovering with difficulty.
B) undergoing rapid economic expansion.
C) unable to recover from the impact of World War II.
D) able to rebuild without American help.

Question 31

Who gave his name to anti-communist anxieties in the 1950s?

A) George McKennan
B) Joseph McCarthy
C) Harry Truman
D) George Marshall

Question 32

Under which American president were post-war Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts passed?

A) Harry Truman
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Dwight Eisenhower
D) Lyndon Johnson

Question 33

Which of these took place in May 1960, forestalling an early end to the Cold War?

A) Khrushchev's secret speech
B) the U-2 Affair
C) the Paris summit conference
D) the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 34

Which of these Communist countries remained outside the Warsaw Pact?

A) Hungary
B) East Germany
C) Yugoslavia
D) Czechoslovakia

Question 35

Which American president was forced to resign because of the "Watergate" scandal?

A) John F. Kennedy
B) Lyndon Johnson
C) Jimmy Carter
D) Richard Nixon

Question 36

Where did the Cold War intensify after a French defeat in the 1950s?

A) Cuba
B) Vietnam
C) Poland
D) Turkey

Question 37

The expansion of the Common Market was slowed by the resistance of

A) Winston Churchill.
B) Leonid Brezhnev.
C) Clement Attlee.
D) Charles de Gaulle.

Question 38

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. attempted to bring racial equality to all Americans by using techniques adopted from

A) Lech Walesa.
B) Mahatma Gandhi.
C) Nikita Khrushchev.
D) Winston Churchill.

Question 39

In the early 1950s, widespread fear and panic regarding the infiltration of communists in American society. This was known as the

A) Bay of Pigs.
B) Red Scare.
C) Teapot Dome Scandal.
D) Watergate scandal.

Question 40

Who did Khrushchev attack in his "secret speech" to the Party Congress?

A) Stalin
B) Eisenhower
C) Truman
D) Kennedy

Question 41

Which man, in a 1988 United Nations meeting, called on all countries to renounce the use of force?

A) Mikhail Gorbachev
B) George H. W. Bush
C) the pope
D) Ronald Reagan

Question 42

What event in 1979 dealt a death blow to détente?

A) the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
B) the Cuban Missile Crisis
C) the end of the war in Vietnam
D) the death of Leonid Brezhnev

Question 43

What allowed talks to resume concerning the reduction of long-range weapons numbers in the Soviet Union and the U.S.?

A) the election of Lyndon Johnson
B) the end of Ronald Reagan's term in office
C) the end of the war in Vietnam
D) the election of John F. Kennedy

Question 44

Khrushchev adopted the policies of Stalin and continued his infamous purges.

Question 45

Which Soviet leader attempted to relax restrictions and restructure society in the USSR in the 1980s?

A) Leonid Brezhnev
B) Nikita Khrushchev
C) Mikhail Gorbachev
D) Boris Yeltsin

Question 46

Which American president referred to the Soviet Union as an "evil empire"?

A) Jimmy Carter
B) Richard Nixon
C) George W. Bush
D) Ronald Reagan

Question 47

How did the opening of contact with China influence Soviet-U.S. relations?

A) It soured relations, bringing the two nations to the brink of war.
B) It led to the Bay of Pigs crisis.
C) It prompted the Soviet Union to be more conciliatory.
D) It accelerated the arms race.

Question 48

Who became president of Russia in 1991, following the breakup of the Soviet Union?

A) Vladimir Putin
B) Mikhail Gorbachev
C) Leonid Brezhnev
D) Boris Yeltsin

Question 49

In which Soviet satellite did Alexander Dubček unsuccessfully introduce "socialism with a human face" in 1968?

A) Poland
B) East Germany
C) Czechoslovakia
D) Hungary

Question 50

During which year did many eastern European nations overthrow communist governments and adopt democracy?

A) 1975
B) 1980
C) 1985
D) 1989

Question 51

Stalin did not know that Americans had developed nuclear weapons until they were unleashed on Japan.

Question 52

Which American president opened relations with China?

A) John F. Kennedy
B) Lyndon Johnson
C) Richard Nixon
D) Ronald Reagan

Question 53

Bloody ethnic conflicts in Bosnia and Kosovo resulted from the disintegration of

A) the Soviet Union.
B) NATO.
C) the Warsaw Pact.
D) Yugoslavia.

Question 54

NATO grew significantly within years after the

A) election of Leonid Brezhnev.
B) suppression of the Solidarity movement.
C) breakup of the Soviet Union.
D) building of the Berlin Wall.

Question 55

The failed attempt to overthrow Gorbachev was known as the

A) Beer Hall Putsch.
B) vodka putsch.
C) Bloodless Revolution.
D) Yeltsin coup.

Question 56

The Cuban Missile Crisis brought the world's superpowers to the brink of nuclear war, but eventually produced greater cooperation between the two.

Question 57

To improve conditions in the Soviet Union, Gorbachev promoted glasnost, or

A) a restructuring of Soviet society.
B) open discussions of the country's problems.
C) a free market economy.
D) union with eastern Europe.

Question 58

Détente got a major boost when which of these came to power?

A) Jimmy Carter
B) Mikhail Gorbachev
C) Ronald Reagan
D) George H.W. Bush

Question 59

Which of these happened the year after Brezhnev and Nixon signed arms limitation treaties?

A) The Soviet Union dissolved into a number of republics.
B) The U.S. withdrew from Vietnam.
C) The war in Cambodia escalated.
D) Korea split into North Korea and South Korea.

Question 60

Boris Yeltsin's presidency was plagued by rebellions in

A) Ukraine.
B) Chechnya.
C) Belarus.
D) Georgia.

Question 61

Evaluate Gorbachev's attempts at restructuring the USSR.

Question 62

After the Cold War, the United States aggressive sought to overthrow Communism in Eastern Europe.

Question 63

According to Ronald Reagan, what was the "evil empire"?

Question 64

Who coined the term "containment" in his article signed by "Mr. X"?

Question 65

In which legendary court case was "separate but equal" education struck down?

Question 66

Compare and contrast the governments of Josef Stalin and Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 67

Evaluate the effects of the Brezhnev Doctrine.

Question 68

Reagan believed that Gorbachev, unlike most Soviets, could be somewhat trusted.

Question 69

Which eastern European nation adopted communism while refusing to become dependent on the USSR?

Question 70

Who was the last ruler of the Soviet Union?

Question 71

The Common Market was designed to counter the effects of NATO.

Question 72

What was the name of the world's first artificial earth satellite?

Question 73

President George H.W. Bush was an active supporter of Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative.

Question 74

In which country was the notion of "socialism with a human face" introduced?

Question 75

Who followed Truman as president of the United States?

Question 76

Chinese soldiers crossed into North Korea and aided the communists in the Korean War.

Question 77

The crisis in Kosovo was finally resolved by NATO involvement.

Question 78

Who was the first human to orbit the Earth?

Question 79

In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional.

Question 80

Which American president was elected after promising a restoration of law and order and an end to the Vietnam War?