Deck 4: Common Law, statutory Law, and Administrative Law

Question 1

The concept of stare decisis focuses most on:

A)predictability.
B)flexibility.
C)legislative intent.
D)change.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

While at the park,Tasha saw a small child fall into the lake.Tasha did not know the child.Under the common law of most states,Tasha has a legal duty to take reasonable steps to assist the child if Tasha is able to provide positive assistance and the assistance will not jeopardize Tasha's well being.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Common law is created by:

A)legislative bodies.
B)administrative agencies.
C)appelate courts.
D)Congress.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Common law is the primary source of law in torts and contracts.

Question 5

Administrative agencies exist at the federal,state,and local levels.

Question 6

The power of federal agencies is limited by:

A)statutory control in the enabling legislation and the Administrative Procedures Act.
B)political control by Congress and the President.
C)judicial review.
D)All of the above.

Question 7

Under US law,a bystander has no duty to assist someone in peril unless she created the danger.

Question 8

The U.S.Supreme Court was asked to decide whether discrimination based on sexual orientation is a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.This law forbids discrimination in employment on the basis of sex.In interpreting statutes,the court may use which of the following?

A)The plain meaning rule.
B)Legislative history.
C)Public policy.
D)All of the above.

Question 9

The Federal Trade Commission promulgated detailed rules governing any site directed to young children.One of the rules is that the site operator must obtain verifiable parental consent before collecting,using,or disclosing any personal information.This legislative rule has the effect of a statute.

Question 10

Karen is a strong swimmer.One afternoon she is having a picnic at a lake and sees a man she does not know drowning.Generally,Karen:

A)has a legal duty to rescue the man.
B)has a legal duty to rescue the man, but only if her efforts will not pose a serious threat to her own safety.
C)has a legal duty to rescue the man since, as a strong swimmer, she is treated as a "special class" of persons who must get involved in such situations.
D)has no legal duty to rescue the man.

Question 11

The President alone has power to appoint the chairperson of a federal administrative agency.

Question 12

If the President vetoes a bill and if both the House and Senate repass the bill by a two-thirds margin,the bill becomes law.

Question 13

The Clean Air Act of 1970,a federal statute,attempts to reduce pollution from factories.The act required the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)to impose emission standards on "stationary sources" of pollution.The EPA ruled that "stationary source" meant an entire factory,but not the individual smokestacks.This is an interpretive rule because it interprets the Clean Air Act.

Question 14

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)has proposed rules aimed at reducing repetitive-stress injuries.ATC,Inc.disagrees with the proposed rules.ATC,Inc.should challenge the proposed rules in court to prevent them from becoming final rules.

Question 15

Even if a statute's words have ordinary,everyday significance,the court will look at the legislative history of the law and public policy in order to interpret the statute.

Question 16

Actual hearings are required in formal administrative agency rulemaking.

Question 17

Statutory law is a minor source of US law.

Question 18

Because of the concept of stare decisis,the U.S.Supreme Court,in interpreting a statute in 2009,will necessarily interpret certain statutory language in the same way as the U.S.Supreme Court interpreted the same statutory language in 1971.

Question 19

The doctrine of stare decisis,though vital to the creation of the common law when this country was settled,is not important to our modern,complex society.

Question 20

The majority of work done by legislative bodies is performed in committees.

Question 21

TECO Coal Corporation is interested in the inspections that the U.S.Bureau of Mines has conducted over the past year.To secure this information,TECO should:

A)issue a subpoena duces tecum.
B)make a Freedom of Information Act request.
C)make a de novo request.
D)assert the substantial evidence rule.

Question 22

The Environmental Protection Agency was investigating whether Exgrow,Inc.violated the Clean Air Act.Exgrow refused to give the EPA its computerized reports concerning pollution.To get the reports,EPA should use:

A)a stare decisis.
B)a de novo decision.
C)a subpoena duces tecum.
D)a writ of certiorari.

Question 23

The U.S.Supreme Court's holding in Ward's Cove Packing v.Atonio:

A)differed from the holding in Griggs v.Duke Power Co.partly because the Court was more conservative at the time Ward's Cove was decided.
B)upheld the ruling in Griggs v.Duke Power Co.
C)found that overt racial discrimination existed.
D)set forth a "business necessity" requirement for employment hiring practices.

Question 24

What is the major distinction between executive and independent agencies?

A)Executive agencies govern business issues while independent agencies regulate individual matters.
B)The President has greater control over executive agencies.
C)The Administrative Procedure Act regulates independent agencies but not executive agencies.
D)Subpoenas may be issued by independent agencies; executive agencies do not have subpoena power.

Question 25

Psychologist Holtz is working with a patient,Rebecca,who has expressed the intention to seriously harm two of her acquaintances.If you apply the principle set forth by the Supreme Court of California in the Tarasoff v.Regents of the University of California case,Psychologist Holtz:

A)has, because of the bystander rule, no duty to warn the foreseeable victims about Rebecca's expressed intention to harm them.
B)has a duty to exercise reasonable care to protect foreseeable victims of Rebecca's violence.
C)is in a special relationship with patients, and this relationship creates a privilege of confidentiality between the communicants.
D)will be held to a strict duty of care and will be held liable for any victim's injuries if Holtz failed to warn a them of Rebecca's potential violence toward them.

Question 26

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)is an independent federal administrative agency.Which statement is correct about the chairperson?

A)The chairperson can be fired at any time by the President.
B)The chairperson can only be fired by the President for good cause.
C)The chairperson cannot be fired by the President since the FCC is an independent agency.
D)The chairperson has a lifetime appointment and cannot be fired.

Question 27

TECO Coal Corporation mines and ships more than six million tons of coal annually.TECO is comprehensively regulated by the U.S.Bureau of Mines.The U.S.Bureau of Mines may conduct a surprise inspection of one of TECO's mines:

A)only if it has a search warrant.
B)only if it has a subpoena.
C)only if it has reason to believe a violation of a regulation has occurred.
D)without a search warrant to ensure safety.

Question 28

Luke had his driver's license suspended by the state department of transportation.He believes his constitutional due process rights were violated by the administrative agency and wishes to file a claim.Which of the following statements is true:

A)A state court has the jurisdiction to immediately review an agency's alleged unconstitutional action.
B)Luke must file a claim in a federal court - not a state court.
C)Luke must first utilize the administrative agency's procedures to review the suspension before he seeks judicial review by a court.
D)A court of law does not have jurisdiction to review an administrative agency's actions.

Question 29

The Administrative Procedure Act:

A)applies to all federal agencies.
B)applies to executive branch agencies but not to independent agencies.
C)applies to independent agencies but not to executive branch agencies.
D)does not apply to federal agencies.

Question 30

Which law regulates how federal agencies make rules,conduct investigations,hold meetings and hearings,obtain information,and reach decisions?

A)The 1964 Civil Rights Act.
B)The Clean Agency Act.
C)The Administrative Procedure Act.
D)The Freedom of Information Act.

Question 31

Administrative agency rules consist of:

A)executive and independent rules.
B)legislative and interpretive rules.
C)informal and "notice and comment" rules.
D)promulgated and unpromulgated rules.

Question 32

The last protected trait added by Congressman Smith of Virginia to the bill which became Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was:

A)sex.
B)sexual orientation.
C)national origin.
D)race.

Question 33

A subpoena duces tecum is different from an ordinary subpoena in that a subpoena duces tecum:

A)can only be given to an expert to require a personal appearance before a court or administrative hearing.
B)is binding on a person even if it is mailed to the person rather than handed to her by a process server.
C)allows for privileged or confidential information to be turned over the a court or administrative agency.
D)requires the person to bring specified documents to the court or administrative hearing.

Question 34

If in 1900 the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that a minor can void a contract at any time during minority and in 2008 the courts in Minnesota still follow this ruling,this is an example of:

A)stare decisis.
B)the bystander rule.
C)statutory law.
D)enabling legislation.

Question 35

Assume that in December 2009,the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)filed an administrative complaint against Arlington Firearms Co.alleging that the company exceeded chromium emissions limits.The EPA proposed a $257,162 fine.Which statement is correct concerning the administrative agency adjudication?

A)A jury decides the matter.
B)The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure govern the admissibility of evidence.
C)The losing party has a right to appeal.
D)The parties are not represented by attorneys.

Question 36

Tina wishes to learn what records the IRS has about her.Under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA),

A)Tina can only obtain copies of declassified information.
B)Tina is entitled to all information the IRS has about her.
C)Tina can only obtain information about the IRS, not records concerning herself.
D)Tina cannot obtain any information since the IRS is exempt from the FOIA.

Question 37

SigmaTel and USCom are each applying for a wireless telecommunication license.In deciding which applicant is better qualified,the FCC will hold an initial hearing before:

A)the OSHA.
B)an administrative law judge.
C)a Senate committee.
D)a federal circuit judge.

Question 38

Congresswoman Hanson introduced a bill in the House of Representatives.If the bill is approved by the House committee specializing in that subject,the bill will go to:

A)a Senate committee specializing in the subject matter of the proposed legislation.
B)the President for signature.
C)a Conference Committee made up of representatives of both the House and Senate.
D)the full House.

Question 39

The purpose of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)is:

A)to give the government access to information concerning citizens, businesses, and organizations.
B)to limit the amount of information that the government can collect about its citizens, businesses, and organizations.
C)to permit warrantless searches and seizures of evidence when necessary to ensure safety.
D)to give citizens, businesses, and organizations access to information that federal agencies are using.

Question 40

Which statement is correct concerning judicial review of an administrative agency's action?

A)Courts usually accept the facts of the case as determined by the agency and often defer to the agency's interpretation of the law.
B)Courts conduct a de novo review of the case.
C)Courts ignore the facts of the case.
D)Courts substitute their opinion for that of the agency.

Question 41

Linwood,Inc.offered health insurance benefits to unmarried same-sex domestic partners but not to unmarried,cohabiting heterosexual couples.Seth,an employee of Linwood,Inc.,challenged the benefit plan,claiming that it was in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.Under the Civil Rights Act,an employer may not discriminate against any individual on the basis of sex.Discuss the tools that a court may use in interpreting the Civil Rights Act.

Question 42

Discuss the role of money in the legislative process and the Congressional and Supreme Court controls on campaign spending since the 1970s.

Question 43

Discuss the four most important limitations on the power of federal administrative agencies.

Question 44

Define the common law.Discuss its conflicting goals and the doctrine created to serve one of these goals.

Question 45

Arbogast Corporation is served with a subpoena to turn over business records to an administrative agency.What are three possible legal grounds the company can raise to avoid producing the requested records?